Five people are talking about tipping in a restaurant.

Richard:

A tip is a “thank you,” but in truth, a tip is payment for service. 20% is a standard tip. Servers deserve it for their hard work. Tips make up about 97% of a server’s total income. 1.So, before servers are paid to living wage, tip 20%.

Daniel:

Why should I pay the difference between what the restaurant is willing to pay the employee and what an acceptable wage is? I do pay 20%, but I hate it. How about miners, construction workers, resident doctors, etc? 2.

Kate:

I’ve always viewed tipping as a way of saying “thank you” to the one who serves me. I tip according to the quality of service. The better the service, the higher the tip. 3.Much like the harder teachers in school, I never give an easy “A”.

Patricia:

18-20%for good service is today’s standard. The restaurant and its employees are too polite to tell you this or to put it on their menus, but that is their expectation and you need to understand that. 4.To do otherwise is to be openly rude.

Michael:

Tipping has gotten out of control. I always had thought it was 15%, and now suddenly servers have made it 20%. I tip 15%, and that’s it. Interesting to be told, “If you can’t afford to tip 20%, then you should eat at home.” 5.

A. Do they get tipped?

B. Those tips are needed for survival

C. I believe it is good manners to respect this

D. If you disagree, why not eat elsewhere?

E. Unless the service is perfect, I never tip more than 10% of the bill

F. Restaurants will never pay more unless they are forced to do so by new laws.

G. If all those people stayed away, the restaurant would not even be in business.

Dear Alfred,

I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.

Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.

However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.

While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.

Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.

Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.

Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.

This is why you’re saving my life.

Yours,

Tanis

1.why did’t Tanis go to college after high school?

A. She had learned enough about computer science

B. She had more difficulty keeping foucesed

C. She preferred taking online courses

D. She was too slow to learn

2.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____.

A. working by herself

B. dealing with the public

C. competing against others

D. staying with ADHD students

3.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.

A. explain why she was interested in the computer

B. share the ideas she had for her profession

C. show how grateful she was to the center

D. describe the courses she had taken so far

Too much work and too much wine go together like biscuits and cheese, a new international studies finds. Employees who work more than 48 hours a week are 11 percent more likely to over-consume (过渡消费) alcohol than those who work standard time, Finnish researchers say. The study looked at more than 300,000 people in Australia, Europe and North America. No differences were seen between men and women, says the study, published in the British Medical Journal.

Risky alcohol consumption is considered as more than 14 drinks a week for women and more than 21 drinks a week for men. About 20 percent of Australians drink at levels that put them at risk of lifetime harm from injury or disease. Drinking alcohol can affect the liver or cause brain damage, heart disease, high blood pressure and increase the risk of many cancers.

Study author Marianna Virtanen said while alcohol might help ease the stress of working long periods of time, risky consumption could lead to difficulties in the workplace, such as poor performance. The European Union Working Time Directive ensures that workers in EU countries have the right to work no more than 48 hours a week, including overtime. “ But many people , for example well-educated managers and professionals, work much longer hours to achieve faster promotions (晋升), salary increases, and more control over work and employment,” said Prof. Virtanen from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.

1.Which place of the following is NOT referred to about the study?

A. Australia

B. Europe.

C. North America.

D. South America.

2.How many drinks is regarded as risky alcohol consumption for women?

A. No more than 14 drinks a week.

B. More than 14 drinks a week.

C. More than 21 drinks a week.

D. Between 14 and 21 drinks a week.

3.Some people work overtime in order to _______.

A. get promotions earlier.

B. get more retirement pay.

C. change more jobs.

D. Make themselves famous among colleagues.

4.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Too much work can lead to alcoholism.

B. The bad effect of drinking alcohol.

C. The different standard on alcoholism.

D. Too much wine can lead to hard work.

Life is comprised emotion and sense. When we were babies we reached the pinnacle(顶峰) of emotion. At that time we asked for everything that we wanted, cried as we were uncomfortable, laughed as we were happy and released our emotions day and night. When we grow up we find that if we want to live in a cozier environment we must be sensible enough to deal with our emotions and relationships. Our world is based on sense and beautified by emotion.

Sense is the base of life; it builds up the structure of life, and helps us see the real world. And emotion is the invaluable element of life. It adds colorful paint to our life. Lacking sense we may lose the guiding light and lacking emotion we may lose the value of life.

We admire Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, we are attracted by Michelangelo’s The Creation of Man, and we are carried away by Monet’s Lotus. Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet may bring us tears, Victor Hugo’s poems can make a maid’s love revive, and Jane Austin’s stories arouse our dream of holding a party of ladies and gentlemen as an England beauty in the countryside. All of them are people who deserve our respect and showed us sentimental emotion: love, hatred, betrayal, loyalty and so on. They made their works full of emotion, shocked our nerves, and evoked our passions. Somebody may have found their destiny in these works, and surely they influence people time after time. But in fact, though these people or their works have the power to control our mental world, we don’t choose them to be our President or Prime Minister. We cannot deny the fact that our world is based on sense and ration. Mark Twain once said that the passion of friendship is so sweet, steady and royal and enduring a nature that it will last through a whole lifetime if neither of the two friends asks the other to lend money.

Emotion is our nature and sense gives us an eye to live in reality. Only sense makes Jack a dull boy; emotional moments give us vigor and enthusiasm to live and color our life.

1.We can learn from the second paragraph that__________________.

A. sense is no more important than emotion

B. sense is as important as emotion to human life

C. sense deserves less concern than emotion

D. sense gives people more pleasure than emotion

2.What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. Artists are good at containing emotion in their works.

B. Works full of emotion show people the value of life.

C. There is a variety of emotions in this world.

D. Life can’t be enjoyable without emotion.

3.What’s the best title for the passage?

A. Sense and emotion make people wiser

B. Sense and emotion help you live in peace

C. Sense and emotion—the bases of our life

D. Sense and emotion—the reason for happiness

Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted, new research suggests.

In the study, researchers looked at about 1,900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover, among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study, the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors.

The researchers selected six schools and required the children, whose average age was 7 at the start of the study, to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school, especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children, from another six schools, continued their usual activity patterns. After three years, 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention(干预) group had become nearsighted, compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group.

It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit children’s eyesight, the researchers said. However, some research has suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine(多巴胺) of the eye. In turn, dopamine is known to restrain(抑制) the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness.

Based on the new results, the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However, it’s important to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light, which can be damaging.

1.What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day?

A. Attend an extra class of outdoor activities.

B. Continue to do their usual activities.

C. Spend one hour in doing eye exercises.

D. Participate in outdoor activities with parents.

2.What can be inferred about the chemical dopamine?

A. It can contribute to poor sight. B. It can damage people’s brain

C. It is beneficial to eyesight. D. It means low levels of light intensity.

3.What may be discussed in the following paragraph?

A. How to design outdoor activities for kids.

B. How to prevent kids becoming nearsighted.

C. How to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light.

D. How to encourage kids to join in outdoor activities.

4.Which can serve as the best title for the passage?

A. The More Time Outdoors, the Better

B. Kids May See Better if They Play Outside

C. It’s Time to Engage Kids in Outdoor Activities

D. Researchers Found a Cure for Nearsightedness

Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night,he would hand me his ____ and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK?”

I was ____ to do it. At age five, this dull task brought me such ____. I would excitedly turn the tap____and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would____affectionately(深情地)at me and place the comb in his wallet.

Two years latter,Dad started his own _______which wasn’t so good . Things started to ______, Dad didn’t come home as early and as he used to. Mum and Ibecame____with him for placing our family in trouble. With ____going on,an uncomfortable silence grew between us.

After my graduation, Dad’s business was getting back . On my 28th birthday, Dad came home________. As usually I helped him carry his bags into bis study.When I turned to leave, he said,“Hey,would you help me ____ my comb?” I looked at him a while,then ___ the comb and headed to the sink.

It hit me then: why, as a child,_____dad clean his comb was such a pleasure. That routine(习惯)meant dad was home early to ____ the evening with Mum and me. It___ a happy and loving family.

I passed the clean comb back to Dad, He smiled at me and_____ placed his comb in his wallet. But this time,I noticed something _______. Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, ____ his smile was still as ____ as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good ____ for his family.

1.A. bag B. wallet C. comb D. brush

2.A. annoyed B. relieved C. ashamed D. pleased

3.A. joy B. sadness C. courage D. pain

4.A. out B. over C. in D. on

5.A. stare B. smile C. shout D. laugh

6.A. family B. business C. task D. journey

7.A. progress B. change C. improve D. form

8.A. satisfied B. delighted C. mad D. strict

9.A. time B. patience C. speed D. ease

10.A. occasionally B. early C. frequently D. rarely

11.A. sharply B. repair C. clean D. keep

12.A. dropped B. took C. handed D. threw

13.A. watching B. letting C. helping D. hearing

14.A. find B. lose C. waste D. spend

15.A. affected B. broke C. meant D. supported

16.A. firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully

17.A. different B. exciting C. interesting D. urgent

18.A. for B. or C. so D. yet

19.A. convincing B. heartwurining C. cautions D. innocent

20.A. origin B. life C. reputation D. education

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