Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted, new research suggests.In the study, researchers looked at about 1,900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted, new research suggests.

In the study, researchers looked at about 1,900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover, among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study, the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors.

The researchers selected six schools and required the children, whose average age was 7 at the start of the study, to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school, especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children, from another six schools, continued their usual activity patterns. After three years, 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention(干预) group had become nearsighted, compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group.

It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit children’s eyesight, the researchers said. However, some research has suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine(多巴胺) of the eye. In turn, dopamine is known to restrain（抑制） the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness.

Based on the new results, the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However, it’s important to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light, which can be damaging.

1.What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day?

A. Attend an extra class of outdoor activities.

B. Continue to do their usual activities.

C. Spend one hour in doing eye exercises.

D. Participate in outdoor activities with parents.

2.What can be inferred about the chemical dopamine?

A. It can contribute to poor sight. B. It can damage people’s brain

C. It is beneficial to eyesight. D. It means low levels of light intensity.

3.What may be discussed in the following paragraph?

A. How to design outdoor activities for kids.

B. How to prevent kids becoming nearsighted.

C. How to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light.

D. How to encourage kids to join in outdoor activities.

4.Which can serve as the best title for the passage?

A. The More Time Outdoors, the Better

B. Kids May See Better if They Play Outside

C. It’s Time to Engage Kids in Outdoor Activities

D. Researchers Found a Cure for Nearsightedness

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A new study, conducted by British company Mindlab International, has found that listening to music at work increases accuracy and speed, The Telegraph reported. Perhaps, some parents disagree with this idea, saying, "Switch off the music and concentrate!" Well, if that's the case with your parents, you might now be able to convince them that you have science on your side.

The company gave 26 participants a series of different tasks for five days in a row, including spell checking, mathematical word problems, data entry, and abstract reasoning. The participants completed these tasks while listening to music or no music at all.

The results showed that while music was playing, 88% of participants produced their most accurate test results and 81% completed their fastest work. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International, told The Telegraph, "Music is a very powerful management tool if you want to increase not only the efficiency of your workforce but also their emotional state... they are going to become more positive about the work."

However, you may have a list of your favorite songs, but not all kinds of music match all homework. For maths or other subjects involving numbers or attention to detail, you should listen to classical music, the study found. In the study, pop music enabled participants to complete their tasks 58% faster than when listening to no music at all. If you are reviewing your English writing, pop music is the best choice, as it is the best kind for spell checking. It cut mistakes by 14%, compared to listening to no music. After finishing your homework, do you often take time to check your answers? Maybe, some dance music is suitable for you.

1.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Music helps us to learn

B. We cannot live without music

C. Different music, different lives

D. Music in the classroom.

2.What did the participants have to do in the study？

A. Persuade their parents to listen to music.

B. Listen to the same music together.

C. Try their best to choose the most suitable music.

D. Finish tasks with music or without music at all.

3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to in Para 3？

A. tools B. results

C. tests D. participants

4.When you review your English writing, what kind of music is the best choice？

A. Classical music B. Dance music

C. Pop music D. Rock music

Any boy and any girl as well as the teachers who _______ to lead their class _______ asked to meet at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.

A. is; is B. are; is

C. are; are D. is; are

The representatives were discussing the 12th five-year plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.

A. to carry out B. to be carried out

C. being carried out D. carried out

How to Make Friends

Good friendship has many advantages.1. But for many of us it is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.

Start a conversation.

Starting a conversation is an important step in making new friends.2. You can always start the conversation. Being able to make a small talk is a very useful skill.

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friends together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

Let it grow.

It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to disturb your new friend with too many calls, messages or visits as this would likely make him or her upset and finally you may lose your friend. ．4.

Enjoy your friendship.

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.5.

A. Be cheerful.

B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoken to.

D. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

E. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

F. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

G. Become the kind of friend you want your friend to be to you.

Tips on Avoiding Traveling Crowds

If your chosen destination is a hot tourist spot，you are likely to be bothered by masses of tourists，noise and long line ups at your intended site visits. At this point you might wonder why you ever left home. Here are some tips to avoid the crowds and the frustrations that might otherwise ruin your trip.

Book tickets in advance

1. Smart travelers can avoid the queue when visiting abroad-the London Eye， Britain's Houses of Parliament，Italy's Vatican Museums，and the Louvre in Paris. You can keep cool with online ticket sales.

Often special organizations get after-hours or behind-the-scenes access to famous places. You'll get a guided tour and beat the rush.2.But if large crowds routinely ruin your experience，spending a little extra cash will save your trip.

For shorter lines，fewer people，and better opportunities to interact and enjoy the attraction，stop by during the week. In many cases，you'll have the place to yourself. Take it one step further，and head to museums，galleries or tourism hot spots after 2 pm.4.

Watch the weather

Some travelers often cancel their plans when there are reports of a storm on the approach. 5.By keeping an eye on weather broadcasts，brave souls can often score great last-minute deals or empty attractions.

A.Talk to people.

B.Visit during the week.

C.A note of caution-these tours can be costly.

D.Here are several ways to help you have a good trip.

E.However，sometimes they're not as bad as they sound.

F.Then，visiting school groups will have returned to class.

G.Purchase tickets online before you leave home，and skip the crowds and endless lines at your destination.

We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others. Running, for example, may help to protect you 1. heart disease and other health problems. Running also may help you live 2. (long)．

Recently, researchers studied more than 55,000 adults. About one fourth of the adults reported running 3. (regular). The study found these runners were considerably less likely than non?runners 4. (die) of any form of disease, including heart disease.

D.C. Lee and the other researchers found that speed, 5. (distant) and how often one runs made little difference in 6. (reduce) the risk of death. The runners in the study averaged between 10 and 16 kilometers per hour. Mr. Lee says slower runners, and those who only ran once 7. twice a week, were helped nearly as much as those who ran faster and further.

The researchers note that their study 8. (base) on the participants’ answering questions over the years. The study lacked complete information on 9. these men and women ate and other facts about their lifestyles.

Researchers say this missing information could have affected the results. Still, they hope their findings will motivate healthy adults to start running down the road to 10. longer life.

It is uncertain _______ side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.

A. that B. what C. how D. whether

When others get off the train to finally go home, Leonie Muller stays behind. That's because she is already home: The train is her apartment, and she says she likes it that way. The German college student gave up her apartment in spring. "It all started with a quarrel I had with my landlord," Muller told The Washington Post via e-mail. "I immediately decided I didn't want to live there anymore and then I realized: Actually, l didn't want to live anywhere anymore."

Instead, she bought a subscription(会员费)that allows her to board every train in the country for free. Now, Muller washes her hair in the train bathroom and writes her college papers while traveling at a speed of up to 190 mph. She says that she enjoys the freedom since she gave up her apartment. "I really feel at home on trains. It's like being on vacation all the time," Muller said.

"I want to inspire people to question their habits and the things they consider to be normal,"

Muller told The Post. "There are always more opportunities than one thinks there are. The next

adventure is waiting just around the corner一provided that you want to find it."

Muller frequently travels late at night, although she tries to sleep at the apartments of relatives or friends. Often, she is accommodated by her boyfriend, her mother or grandmother. "Normally, we would have to have a long-distance relationship, but living on a train enables me to see him all the time," Muller told German TV station SWR regarding her boyfriend. "Most of my friends really like the idea, although some consider it to be quite adventurous. Others, however, have reacted more negatively. They feel offended by the fact that I question the ordinary way of life and living."

The only problem? "Possessing a headset that reduces most surrounding noises is important," she said.

1.What do we know about the direct reason for Muller's choice to live on trains?

A. She planned to act against tradition.

B. She had an argument with her landlord.

C. She wanted to visit more people on the way.

D. She had to finish her graduate paper on the topic.

2.According to Muller, which is one of the advantages of living on trains?

A. She can avoid the landowner. B. She can possess a headset.

C. She can escape from college life. D. She can see her boyfriend more often.

3.What does Muller want to express in Paragraph 3?

A. There are opportunities everywhere in life.

B. The next adventure is coming soon

C. People need to make changes in their life.

D. People need to follow in her footsteps to live on trains.

4.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. The ordinary way of life and living. B. The thought of living on a train.

C. German TV station SWR. D. A long-distance relationship.

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