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During the weekend I traveled by air the first time in my life. I generally travel by train and bus. It is both cheaper and safe. But this was a short journey. In the beginning I did not feel very happily, but this feeling did not last longer. The journey was very exciting. I was soon high up in the sky among the cloud. The views of mountains, fields and rivers were interested. I enjoyed my short and comfortable journey very much. This experience has shown that traveling in air is actually the most safest way of make journeys.

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¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Decision-thinking is not unlike poker¡ªit often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think what you think they think you think. The mental process(¹ý³Ì) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.

The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes; there are what he called games of 'perfect information', games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks; they don't win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of 'imperfect information', like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.________Business, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(ÒòËØ), which would even puzzle (À§»ó)best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.

¡¾1¡¿The subject discussed in this text is _________.

A. the process of reaching decisions

B. the difference between poker and chess.

C. the secret of making good business plans

D. the value of information in winning games

¡¾2¡¿An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ___________.

A. rules B. luck C. time D. ideas

¡¾3¡¿Which of the following can be used in place of "Quite the reverse" in paragraph 3?

A. Quite right. B. True enough.

C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.

¡¾4¡¿In the writer's opinion, when making business decisions one should ___________ .

A. put perfect information before imperfect information

B. accept the existence of unknown factors

C. regard business as a game of chess

D. mix known and unknown factors

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Flash Mob: The Pop Culture

If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station, you don¡¯t need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob. Who are they? Are they mobs (±©Ãñ)? ¡¾1¡¿Actually, a flash mob is a group of people who gather suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a brief period of time, and then quickly separate.

A flash mob is usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks.¡¾2¡¿ At a predetermined time, they gather and perform some tasks such as exchanging books, coming together to look at the sky, waving their hands and yelling something at the top of their lungs for 30 seconds. Then, they quickly disappear before the police can arrive.

Bill Wasik, senior editor of Harper¡¯s Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob gathered on June 3, 2003 at Macy¡¯s department store. More than one hundred people stepped onto the ninth floor carpet department of Macy¡¯s department store, gathering around an expensive carpet. Following this flash mob, about 200 people flooded the lounge of the Hyatt hotel and applauded for about fifteen seconds.¡¾3¡¿

Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people. Such an activity might seem amusing, but it might also frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. ¡¾4¡¿They also have enormous economic potential, such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.

¡¾5¡¿People use it to do many things. For example, in 2009, Michael Jackson¡¯s fans took part in a flash mob to remember him. Hundreds of his fans gathered outside the railway station in Liverpool. They were singing and dancing Michael¡¯s famous song ¡°Beat It¡± together. And in another example, some people took part in a flash mob to tell more people not to use negative words.

Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.

A. Don¡¯t be confused by their name.

B. People are attracted by the silly and harmless activities.

C. The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular.

D. Using mobile phones, the flash mob can change their gathering place.

E. A later mob saw hundreds of people in Central Park making bird noises.

F. The messages may be forwarded to friends, who forward to more people.

G. Undoubtedly, flash mobs can serve as good political tools in any direction.

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I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(ÊÕÒø̨) in her grocery store. _¡¾1¡¿__ I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying ¡°thank you.¡±

At first I was paid in candy. _¡¾2¡¿_ I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account._ ¡¾3¡¿__

By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(»¯×±Æ·). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as ¡°What color do you think I should wear?¡± I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(»¯×±) ideas. _¡¾4¡¿__

The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn¡¯t need to be a rocket scientist¡ªyou needed to be a great listener. _¡¾5¡¿__ Expect they are no longer women buying cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.

A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.

B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.

C. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.

D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.

E. My grandma¡¯s trust taught me how to handle responsibility£¨³Ðµ£ÔðÈΣ©.

F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.

G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding/worthy than anything I could have bought.

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