题目内容
【题目】Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think what you think they think you think. The mental process(过程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes; there are what he called games of 'perfect information', games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks; they don't win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of 'imperfect information', like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.________Business, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(因素), which would even puzzle (困惑)best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
【1】The subject discussed in this text is _________.
A. the process of reaching decisions
B. the difference between poker and chess.
C. the secret of making good business plans
D. the value of information in winning games
【2】An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ___________.
A. rules B. luck C. time D. ideas
【3】Which of the following can be used in place of "Quite the reverse" in paragraph 3?
A. Quite right. B. True enough.
C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.
【4】In the writer's opinion, when making business decisions one should ___________ .
A. put perfect information before imperfect information
B. accept the existence of unknown factors
C. regard business as a game of chess
D. mix known and unknown factors
【答案】
【1】A
【2】B
【3】D
【4】B
【解析】试题分析：本文结合打扑克、下象棋游戏，谈论了作决定的过程。
【1】A考查主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知本文谈论了做决定的过程。故选A。
【2】B考查推理判断题。根据第二段Then there are games of 'imperfect information', like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
可知此时提前不可能知道哪种行动更好，所以推测出这时候运气很重要。故选B。
【3】D考查词意猜测题。Quite the reverse前面提到了perfect information，后面提到了imperfect information，可知是“正好相反”的意思。故选D。
【4】B考查细节理解题。根据最后一段提到Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(因素), which would even puzzle (困惑)best poker players.可知作者认为应该接受未知因素的存在。故选B。
考点 ：说明文
【题目】请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Boys are not so good at English when there are girls in their class, a research student said．This finding disagrees with the widely held belief that girls always have a good influence on boys in school.
Boys do best with as few girls as possible in English lessons at primary and secondary schools, Steven Proud, a research student at Bristol University, told the Royal Economic Society’s conference.
But when it comes to math and science, both boys and girls at primary schools achieve up to a tenth of a grade higher when there is a greater percentage of girls in the class, Proud found.
Proud kept a record of boys’ and girls’ test results at the ages of 7, 11, and 16 in 16,000 schools in England．He studied the test scores to see whether the percentage of girls made a difference to the results of both boys and girls in math, science and English.
Boys always perform worse when the number of girls they study English with increases, which is especially the case at primary schools．Proud also found that girls are unaffected by the number of boys in their English class.
Proud said boys may do worse in English when there is high proportion(比例) of girls in their class because they think that the girls are better than them．It could also be that teachers use teaching styles more appropriate(适合) to girls when there are more girls than boys in the class.
Proud argues that his results show boys should be taught English in single-sex classes.
However, Professor Alan Smithers, director of the Centre for Education and Employment Research at the University of Buckingham, said, “Boys may be discouraged by how well girls are doing in English, but you can’t say that it means boys and girls should be separated．It has very little practical importance to schools.”
Theme | Boys may do __【1】___ in English in a class with a higher percentage of girls. | |
Widely held 【2】_____ | Girls always have a good influence on boys in school. | |
Proud’s ___【3】___ | When there are more girls | both boys and girls at primary schools perform better in math and ____【4】_____. |
When the number of girls ___【5】___. | boys perform worse in English | |
When the number of boys changes | girls aren’t __【6】___ in an English class. | |
Possible ____【7】___. | Boys think that the girls are better than them. Teachers use ____【8】___ styles more appropriate to girls. | |
Proud’s suggestion | Boys and girls should be taught English in __【9】____ classes. | |
Alan’s opinion | Don’t ___【10】____ the boys and girls. | |