题目内容

12.Claustrophobia
Claustrophobia,or fear of enclosed spaces,is one of the most common fears.Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.
Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience ( such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game),or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces ( such as being stuck in a lift).(71)DThis response then becomes programmed in the brain,making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control.As a result,the person often develops claustrophobia.
According to Mark Powers,Ph.D.,Associate Professor of Psychology at Southern Methodist University,"Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder.The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air."
(72)GClaustrophobia symptoms can include:sweating,accelerated heartbeat,upset stomach,passing out,light-headedness,shaking,breathing problem,etc.
Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers.The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room,avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car,avoid taking lifts when inside a building,or stand near a door when at a party.(73)E
Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects,since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack,leading to hiding and sadness.
(74)A According to Dr.Powers,"Exposure treatment,a form of mind-behavioral treatment,usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly."
Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes; a less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning.Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment,as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation.
(75)FMedications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks.

A.The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable.
B.The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth.
C.According to some doctors,claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights.
D.When a person experiences such an event,it can often cause a frightening panic attack.
E.In extreme cases,the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.
F.Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments.
G.When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space,her body responds in certain ways.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了幽闭恐惧症,它通常是由于曾今被困在有限空间中留下的阴影,主要症状有出汗、心跳加速,胃部不适,头晕,颤抖,呼吸问题等;幽闭恐惧症患者极其害怕封闭的环境,幸运的是,幽闭恐惧症是可以治疗的.

解答 71.D.推理判断题.根据文章第二段"such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game),or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces ( such as being stuck in a lift)"比如被困在一个小空间在一个儿时的游戏中,或来自另一段不愉快的经历与小空间相关的(比如被困在电梯里),可推测这里应为当一个人经历这样的事件,它往往会导致患上幽闭恐惧症;故选D.
72.G.推理判断题.根据文章文章第四段"Claustrophobia symptoms can include:sweating,accelerated heartbeat,upset stomach,passing out,light-headedness,shaking,breathing problem,etc"幽闭症会出现出汗、心跳加速,胃部不适,头晕,颤抖,呼吸问题等症状,可推出这里应为当一个患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己在一个有限的空间,她的身体会有一些特定的反应;故选G.
73.E.推理判断题.根据文章第五段"The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room,avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car,avoid taking lifts when inside a building,or stand near a door when at a party"幽闭恐惧症患者在一个房间内会寻找一个出口,避免行驶在高速公路或交通拥挤时,避免电梯,或在一个聚会上站在门附近;可推测在极端的情况下,一个封闭的门的视觉会导致一个人的焦虑情绪;故选E.
74.A.推理判断题.根据文章第六段","Exposure treatment,a form of mind-behavioral treatment,usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly."可推出前文为幽闭恐惧症是可以治疗的;故选A.
75.F.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段"Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks"药物帮助治疗幽闭恐惧症,这有助于缓解心跳常与焦虑有关.可推测前文为治疗幽闭恐惧症还包括一些治疗药物或组合治疗;故选F.

点评 考察学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的能力,在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.此类的填空题一定要联系上下文,根据上下文的内容加上自己的理解,再作出正确的判断.

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13.When Siva Kalyan was born,his backbone was deformed(畸形的)resulting in a lifelong difficulty in walking.But that hasn't stopped the nine-year-old from becoming a prodigy(天才).
Until he was three-and-a-half years old,Siva could not even crawl.Wanting the best treatment for their son,Siva's parents moved with him from India to Australia and later to the USA.
In the USA,his parents enrolled(使入学)him in the second grade based on his age.But his teachers soon realized they had a genius.Siva was then tested for the eighth grade,but it was soon found out that he was actually qualified for college courses.As one advanced course was not enough,the brilliant boy is now taking two courses from Stanford University.Due to the treatment he received,Siva's physical condition has improved as well.
But none of this"just happened".It was his parents'understanding and correct guidance,and the loving care of his grandparents that contributed to the growth of the genius.Siva's highly educated and hardworking family has brought him up on the basis of certain principles.
The family believes that once a strong foundation is built for the child in English and mathematics,the child is equipped to master any other subject,law,history,or engineering.It is equally important to recognize the strengths of a child rather than forcing the child to do things that he may not want to do.
Siva's parents helped.Siva focus his energies on his strength,which is mathematics.At the same time they took care to see that he had friends to play with and enjoyed a few recreational activities.The only activity that's restricted for Siva is viewing television.Siva watches TV only for 30 minutes a day and video games are a bonus for special occasions.
Thanks to his mother who is a singer,Siva has also learned music and even won the first and second prize at two competitions.In sports,he likes to swim.He began to learn swimming to strengthen his muscles,and by the age of eight he was able to swim a kilometer in both the backstroke and the freestyle.

56.Why did Siva's parents move to the USA?B
A.They wanted to give their son the best education.
B.They wanted their son to receive the best treatment.
C.They weren't used to life in India or Australia.
D.They wanted their son to go to Stanford University.
57.The underlined word "this" in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact thatD.
A.Siva's parents enrolled him in the second grade
B.Siva's physical condition improved
C.Siva was tested for the eighth grade
D.Siva became a genius despite his disability
58.The family believes thatB.
A.English and mathematics are easier to learn than other subjects
B.it is important to recognize the strengths of a child
C.a child must learn English rather than law or history
D.forcing a child to do things is also quite important
59.What can we learn about Siva?A
A.He is really good at mathematics.
B.He has no friends to play with.
C.He is not allowed to play video games.
D.He learned swimming from his mother.
60.The text is mainly aboutA.
A.the growth of a disabled child prodigy   
B.certain principles to bring up a child
C.the special ways to train a genius       
D.the influence of parents on their child.
7.During her junior year of high school,Diane Ray's teacher handed her a worksheet and instructed the 17-year-old to map out her future financial life. Ray pretended to buy a car,rent an apartment,and apply for a credit card. Then,she and her classmates played the"stock market game",investing(投资) the hypothetical(虚拟的) earnings from their hypothetical jobs in the market in the disastrous fall of 2008."Our pretend investments crashed,"Ray says,still frightened."We got to know how it felt to lose money."
That pain of earning and losing money is a feeling that public schools increasingly want to teach. Forty states now offer some type of financial instruction at the high-school level,teaching students how to balance checkbooks and buy stock in math and social-studies classes. Though it's too early to measure the full influence of the Great Recession(大萧条),the interest in personal-finance classes has risen since 2007when bank failures started to occur regularly. Now,many states including Missouri,Utah,and Tennessee require teenagers to take financial classes to graduate from high school. School districts such as Chicago are encouraging money-management classes for kids as young as primary school,and about 300colleges or universities now offer online personal-finance classes for incoming students."These classes really say,'This is how you live independently,'"says Ted Beck,president of National Endowment for Financial Education.
Rather than teach investment methods or financial skills,these courses offer a back-to-the-basics approach to handling money:Don't spend what you don't have. Put part of your monthly salary into a savings account,and invest in the stock market for the long-term rather than short-term gains. For Ray,this means dividing her earnings from her part-time job at a fast-food restaurant into separate envelopes for paying bills,spending and saving."Money is so hard to make but so easy to spend,"she says one weekday after school."That is the big takeaway."
Teaching kids about the value of cash certainly is one of the programs'goals,but teachers also want students to think hard about their finances long term. It's easy for teenagers to get annoyed about gas prices because many of them drive cars. But the hard part is urging them to put off the instant satisfaction of buying a new T-shirt or an iPod."Investing and retirement aren't things teenagers are thinking about. For them,the future is this weekend,"says Gayle Whitefield,a business and marketing teacher at Uth's Riverton High School.
That's a big goal for these classes:preventing kids from making the same financial missteps their parents did when it comes to saving,spending,and debt.Though the personal savings rate has increased up to 4.2percent,that's still a far distance from 1982,when Americans saved 11.2percent of their incomes."It's hard for schools to reach strict money-management skills when teenagers go home and watch their parents increase credit-card debt.It's like telling your kids not to smoke and then lighting up a cigarette in front of them,"Beck says.
Even with these challenges,students such as Ray say learning about money in school is worthwhile.After Ray finished her financial class,she opened up a savings account at her local bank and started to think more about how she and her family would pay for college."She just has a better understanding of money and how it affects the world,"says her mother,Darleen-and that's sown to the details of how money is spent from daily expenses to various taxes.All of this talk of money can make Ray worry,she says,but luckily,she feels prepared to face it.

50.The"stock market game"mentioned in Paragraph 1is meant toB.
A.introduce a new course to students
B.help students learn about investment
C.teach how to apply for a credit card
D.encourage students'personal savings
51.How does the writer show us that schools'interest in teaching financial classes has increased in paragraph 2A
A.By giving examples.
B.By providing data.
C.By raising questions.
D.By making comparisons.
52.According to the passage,taking money-management courses willB.
A.better students'learning methods
B.prevent students going into debt
C.help students get accepted by colleges
D.make students become very wealthy
53.After completing the financial class,Diane Ray is likely toB.
A.pay off all her debts.
B. handle her money better
C.find a job in a bank.
D. manage the family income
54. The passage is mainly aboutC.
A.ways to teach students to earn money
B.how Diane Ray learns to value money
C.the push to teach personal finance in school
D.how students choose a proper financial class.
17.Two girls living next door to each other-a seemingly plain scene that has two very different life.stories behind it.
Chi Zhen,an 18-year-old student in Seville,Spain,used his camera to tell the story of two lives,which went widespread online.Comments on the photos indicate that they have inspired many,to believe that the future is in their own hands.
Chi has seen many youths living life without a goal,wasting their time and blaming bad luck for it.
Feeling regret for them,he took a series of photos of his friends Veronica and Anna Maria,both freshmen at the University of Seville in Spain.They live completely different life styles and are getting opposite results.
Chi hopes the photos will inspire those who have let go of their own fate (命运).
In the photos,Anna Maria,a Spanish girl,can be seen watching a TV programme.She spends most of her time in front of her laptop.She rarely goes out,because she thinks she's not attractive and doesn't know what to say in social situations."'I'm not as lucky as Veronica,"she often says.
But she doesn't know that while she's wasting time watching TV,-Veronica,the"lucky"girl next door,has taught herself four foreign languages and traveled to many places.She goes to the library frequently  and her extensive knowledge and experience allow her to take part in any conversation and become the center of attention.
Chi thinks that Anna Maria resembles many of his Chinese.friends who study abroad.They are trapped to their little circles,never trying to change their fate./'They say'maybe I'll do it in my next life',but they are in their 20s,their best time.How can they give up hope and accept this as their life?"Chi says.
The influence of the photos has gone far beyond what Chi expected.One user commented on his photos on Renren.com,saying,"A wall separates two worlds,and the life we have depends on what we do."Another is determined to make a change right away."I'm turning off my laptop and not watching TV anymore,"he wrote.
29.What would be the best title of the text?D
A.A lucky dog in social circles                      
B.Comments on the photos
C.A photo separates two worlds.
D.Tales of two opposite lives
30.It can be concluded from the widespread photos online that _A'
A.life one has depends on what one does               
B.Anna is an attractive girl with a goal
C.Veronica is much luckier than Anna             
D.Chi wastes his time in taking photos
31.According to the text,VeronicaC.
A.likes watching TV programmes               
B.seldom chats with others
C.is often the centre of attention                 
D.lets go of her own fate
32.Many of Chi's Chinese friends who study abroadD
A.determine to make a change right away           
B.like to travel to different places of interest
C.believe they will do better in next life     
D.are more willing to live in little circles'
4.Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to
social pressure when we are with a group of people.In one classie experiment,people were shown a vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.
You might think that this is an absurdly easy task,and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well.However,psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group.In one study,a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙)of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also.In fact,75% of people gave at least one wrong answer,with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.
But why do people conform in this way?In an easy task like this,it seems that people do
not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group.On more difficult tasks,people also conform because they lose〔onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.
A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street?It turns out that you are much more  likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs.People are paralysed into inaction,because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.

28.In Paragraph 1,the underlined word"conform"probably means"D"
A.seek independence     B.disobey orders
C.seek pleasure         D.follow what others do
29.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?ToB
A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others
B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others
C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded
D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others
30.In the last paragraph,according to the author,why wouldn't one help the woman?HeD.
A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand 
B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it
C.is too shy to give his helping hand           
D.thinks someone else will offer assistance
3l.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?A
A.Giving examples.
B.Cause-effect analysis.
C.Comparative analysis.
D.Process analysis.

Five years after a donor's bone marrow (骨髓)saved a pair of twin girls’ lives, the girls , Elizabeth and Kathryn ,from Minnesota got the chance to thank the man face to face.

The girls’ mother, Michele, said, “To think that somebody who didn’t know your children was selfless enough to give bone marrow to save them is amazing. They gave him giant hugs and danced the night away with him like they had known him before.”

The meeting came together thanks to Be the Match, a community of donors, volunteers, health care professionals and researchers.

The girl were born with a rare disorder that left them without any blood platelets(血小板).The bone marrow transplant was needed to change their DNA to avoid their organs shutting down.

Michele, her husband, and their son, tested negative when it came to being a match for the girls. They were put on the Be the Match list, which finally found Gruda.

“I become breathless,'' Michele said about finding a match. " because there are still so many things that could go wrong even though you have a donor."

Due to the uncertain result, the girls had to have their transplants done separately. Elizabeth’s was in 2011, and Kathryn’s was in 2012. The two girls also had to undergo chemotherapy(化疗).

The family was finally able to express their gratitude in person after Be the Match flew Gruda to Minnesota from Germany.

Gruda, who has three children of his own, tried to donate to a local girl in his town nearly 30 years ago but was not a match. Five years ago, he received a phone call that he was a match for the sisters and didn't hesitate to donate. His bone marrow was flown from Germany to use in the transplant.” “My three children rejoiced(高兴) that I came through as the best donor for the girls,'' he told Be the Match.

Both sisters are now completely healthy and 100 percent cured.

1.Why did Michele say “I become breathless” when I they found a match?

A. They hadn’t found a match till then.

B. They still feared something bad would happen.

C. All of their family members failed to pass the test.

D. The good news made them very excited.

2.Why did the girls have their transplants done separately?

A. Kathryn was then receiving chemotherapy.

B. Not all the bone marrow had arrived.

C. Because of the uncertain result.

D. The doctors were too busy to do two operations.

3.What do you know about Gruda?

A. He is always ready to donate his bone marrow.

B. He stayed at the twins home till the next day.

C. He has succeeded in helping two German patients.

D. He knew who his bone marrow was donated to well.

4.We can infer from the passage that the twins_____.

A. continue to undergo chemotherapy

B. went to Germany to thank Gruda.

C. go to hospital to get re-examined frequently.

D. have completely recovered from their disease

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