Question

【题目】 Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two periods—clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the important organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism (有机体) can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of important cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable.

Scientists have been seeking a way to lengthen the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉的) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (动脉). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. It showed that Keta had nothing different from any other healthy animal.

【1】For a person who suffers from the clinical death, _________.

A.he can’t avoid final death

B.he is still very much alive

C.his most important organs are damaged

D.he still has the possibility of getting back to life

【2】Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to ________.

A.cool the organism

B.slow down the body’s metabolism

C.delay the coming of biological death

D.bring important cells and tissues back to active life

【3】How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?

A.By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood.

B.By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating.

C.By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blood.

D.By draining her blood, lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing.

【4】Which of the following indicates that Keta is a healthy animal after the experiment?

A.Her heart beat again.

B.She seized the syringe and ran away with it.

C.She regained her normal breath.

D.She opened her eyes and lifted her head.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家们用冷却结合麻醉睡眠的方法降低身体的新陈代谢，从而延长临床死亡的时间。

【1】细节理解题。由第一段第三句“Clinical death occurs when the important organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. ”和第四句“The organism (有机体) can still be revived.”可知，当重要器官，比如心脏或者肺，已经停止运行，但是没有遭受过长期的伤害，这个时候临床死亡发生。有机体仍然是能够被复活的。由此可见，临床死亡的人是有可能复活的。结合选项可知，选项D正确。

【2】细节理解题。由第二段的最后一句“By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.”可知，通过放慢身体新陈代谢，冷却可以延长通向生物死亡的过程。由此可知，科学家们努力让临床死亡时间变的更长是为了延长生物死亡的到来。结合选项，选项C正确。

【3】细节理解题。由第三段的第二句“The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. ”，第三句“Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. ”和第四句“When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (动脉).”可知，科学家们用麻醉使Keta进入睡眠状态，然后他们用冰袋环绕她的身体，并开始检测她的体温，当体温已经下降到28度，科学家们开始从一根动脉放血。由此可知，科学家们通过麻醉睡眠，降低体温以及动脉放血的方式使得Keta进入临床死亡。结合选项可知，选项C正确。

【4】细节理解题。由最后一段的倒数第二句“After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. ”和最后一句“It showed that Keta had nothing different from any other healthy animal.”可知，6个小时之后，当科学家们努力给她一次盘尼西林注射的时候，Keta抓住注射器并且拿着它在整个房间跑，这显示了Keta和任何其他健康的动物没有什么区别了。由此可知，Keta抓住注射器并且拿着它到处跑，暗示了她是健康的。结合选项可知，选项B正确。