[题目] Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two periods-clinical or temporary death and biological d 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

【题目】 Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two periods—clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the important organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism (有机体) can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of important cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable.

Scientists have been seeking a way to lengthen the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉的) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (动脉). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. It showed that Keta had nothing different from any other healthy animal.

【1】For a person who suffers from the clinical death, _________.

A.he can’t avoid final death

B.he is still very much alive

C.his most important organs are damaged

D.he still has the possibility of getting back to life

【2】Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to ________.

A.cool the organism

B.slow down the body’s metabolism

C.delay the coming of biological death

D.bring important cells and tissues back to active life

【3】How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?

A.By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood.

B.By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating.

C.By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blood.

D.By draining her blood, lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing.

【4】Which of the following indicates that Keta is a healthy animal after the experiment?

A.Her heart beat again.

B.She seized the syringe and ran away with it.

C.She regained her normal breath.

D.She opened her eyes and lifted her head.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家们用冷却结合麻醉睡眠的方法降低身体的新陈代谢，从而延长临床死亡的时间。

【1】细节理解题。由第一段第三句“Clinical death occurs when the important organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. ”和第四句“The organism (有机体) can still be revived.”可知，当重要器官，比如心脏或者肺，已经停止运行，但是没有遭受过长期的伤害，这个时候临床死亡发生。有机体仍然是能够被复活的。由此可见，临床死亡的人是有可能复活的。结合选项可知，选项D正确。

【2】细节理解题。由第二段的最后一句“By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.”可知，通过放慢身体新陈代谢，冷却可以延长通向生物死亡的过程。由此可知，科学家们努力让临床死亡时间变的更长是为了延长生物死亡的到来。结合选项，选项C正确。

【3】细节理解题。由第三段的第二句“The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. ”，第三句“Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. ”和第四句“When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (动脉).”可知，科学家们用麻醉使Keta进入睡眠状态，然后他们用冰袋环绕她的身体，并开始检测她的体温，当体温已经下降到28度，科学家们开始从一根动脉放血。由此可知，科学家们通过麻醉睡眠，降低体温以及动脉放血的方式使得Keta进入临床死亡。结合选项可知，选项C正确。

【4】细节理解题。由最后一段的倒数第二句“After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. ”和最后一句“It showed that Keta had nothing different from any other healthy animal.”可知，6个小时之后，当科学家们努力给她一次盘尼西林注射的时候，Keta抓住注射器并且拿着它在整个房间跑，这显示了Keta和任何其他健康的动物没有什么区别了。由此可知，Keta抓住注射器并且拿着它到处跑，暗示了她是健康的。结合选项可知，选项B正确。

练习册系列答案

A. left; lied; disappeared B. leaving; lying; disappeared

C. leaving; laying; disappearing D. left; lying; disappearing

【题目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. defense B. avoid C. believing D. mistake E. required F. critical

G. cheating H. ashamed I. identify J. confirm K. similar

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 【1】, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 【2】 problems in the future.

Making ethical (伦理的)decisions is a(n) 【3】 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To 【4】 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 【5】. But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 【6】.

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not 【7】 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and 【8】 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 【9】 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.

To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 【10】 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:l.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Nick was not the kind of boy I liked to spend my summer with. 1 was hoping for relax before l went to college, but my mother asked me to do her favor. As they had to attend a 12-day meeting, one of her colleague, Mary, needed a home-care worker. My mother said to me. “ You ever plan to volunteer at the local hospital, why not to volunteer to help her instead?" “Mary's son, Nick, he is an autistic(自闭症)boy, need to be taken good care of.”She added. Heard this, I felt very surprised but a little upset. At last, I accepted my mother's suggestion and promised to careful attend Nick.

【题目】That guy kills his time by playing PC games day and night. I wonder whether he could find anything________ at all.

A. worth to do B. worth doing

C. worthy being done D. is worth to be done

【题目】假定你是李华，你的外国朋友 Martin 给你发来电子邮件，请你帮忙购买一些口罩。请给他回复，内容包括：

1. 已经买到，明天寄出；

2. 给他一些防疫建议（至少两条）；

3. 问候与祝愿。

注意： 1. 词数 100 左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3. 口罩 mask

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【题目】假定你是李津，是一名高三学生，自上个月开始你家长不再允许你使用手机上的 app软件，他们认为这对学习没有帮助还浪费时间，但是你不这样认为，为此你感到很苦恼。请你用英语写一封信向你的美国笔友 John 求助。

内容应包括:

1. 介绍情况

2. 你的想法

3. 希望得到 John 的帮助并了解美国家长对此事的看法注意:

1. 实当增加细节，不少于 100 词

2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数

Dear John,

I’m sorry to bother you, but

Look forward to your reply.

Yours

Li Jin

【题目】There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours—you don’t need that “refreshment（提神） break” as much as you may think.

Scientists believed it was not easy for people to continue their work if they felt the need to have a snack or a rest to make them feel better. They argued that the only way to regain willpower is by supplying more energy to our bodies with rest, food or entertainment.

But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is in your head. They found that a person’s mindset(理念) and belief about willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that’s limited, you’re more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task,” said Professor Veronika Job. “But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily depleted, you can go on and on.”

The researchers led by Mr. Job designed an experiment to test the students’ beliefs about willpower. After a tiring task those who believed or were led to believe that willpower was a limited resource performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.

Mr. Job said, “Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their powers of concentration are limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”

The findings could help people who are battling with temptation(诱惑):people following strict diets and doing exercise regularly to lose weight, people trying to overcome addictions, employees facing a tight deadline. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think.

【1】What opinion did scientists have in the past?

A. Willpower was a limited resource.

B. It was hard to regain willpower.

C. Hardworking people seldom took breaks.

D. People could easily feel tired when working.

【2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “depleted” in paragraph 3?

A. Given up. B. Recovered.

C. Used up. D. Changed.

【3】What can we learn from the findings of the experiment?

A. Students benefit most from the research.

B. Frequent breaks are not good for learning.

C. Will power can be regained after people have a good rest.

D. The belief in willpower can change a man’s behaviour.

【4】Why does the author write the text?

A. To explain the power of willpower.

B. To show us how to build willpower.

C. To tell us the ways of gaining willpower.

D. To introduce a new theory on willpower.

【题目】假如你是李平，你朋友Jenny 最近因病住院。现在，请你给她写信表达问候，并就如何保持健康提出以下建议：

1. 合理膳食；2. 经常锻炼；3. 充足睡眠不熬夜。

注意：

1 词数120左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

2 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Jenny,

I am sorry to hear that

Yours sincerely,

Li Ping

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