题目内容

10.An interview with Benno Nigg,the sports scientist
A.What kind of technology might we see in sports shoes of the future?
B.What should people look out for when buying a new pair of sports shoes?
C.Will a more expensive shoe make me run faster or jump higher,as the ads suggest?
D.Is it true that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones?
E.Some people say we should run just as well without shoes.What's your opinion?
F.You helped develop the unstable Masai MBT shoes.Does this design actually work?
76.D
Nigg's Answer:That is a little bit overstated.But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development.If you take a group of people and want to injure them,send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run.A lot of them will be injured in three weeks.The major factors are the distance run,the intensity and recovery time,not the shoes.
77.B
Nigg's Answer:The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes,you don't know what to do.Things that are sometimes done,like video analysis of your rear foot movement,may not help.The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels.If you feel comfortable in a shoe,it's likely to be good for you.
78.C
Nigg's Answer:A shoe may act as a training device,making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users.Or it may use materials that last longer.That may have something to do with its price.However,for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features.Generally,the more a shoe controls movement,the more it acts like a cast,which means you lose some muscle strength,and your feet are more likely to be injured.
79.F
Nigg's Answer:Yes,for about 80per cent of people.The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint,and a reduction of knee and lower back pain.However,some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated,such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce.
80.E
Nigg's Answer:There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot,but there is not yet enough evidence,or enough research,to prove that.If you look at performance,most papers suggest an advantage of 3to 4per cent.With a few exceptions,people don't run barefoot,so it may be that it's not an advantage,or it may be that we're just not used to it.

分析 本文是对运动专家Benno Nigg的采访记录.
1.对于价格高的鞋子比便宜的鞋子是否更能阻止伤痛的问题,Benno Nigg认为这个论调夸大其词,在伤痛上鞋子不是主要因素;
2.对于买鞋子的时候应该注意什么,Benno Nigg认为舒适是最好的标准;
3.对于价格高鞋子是否更适合锻炼,Benno Nigg认为有一定的关系,然而对于普通的跑步者没有多大的不同;
4.对于他的不稳定的Masai MBT鞋设计,Benno Nigg认为这个设计能有助于训练脚踝处的小肌肉,减少膝盖和后背的伤痛;
5.对于光脚跑步是否比穿鞋更好,Benno Nigg认为这个说法没有明显的证据,应该找适合自己的方法.

解答 76.D.根据76题中的:That is a little bit overstated.But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development可知本段讨论鞋子和伤痛之间的关系,所以答案是D.Is it true that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones?
77.B.根据77题中的The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes,you don't know what to do可知本段讨论如何买鞋子,所以答案是B.What should people look out for when buying a new pair of sports shoes?
78.C.根据78题中的That may have something to do with its price可知本段讨论价格高的鞋子是否更适合锻炼,所以答案是C.Will a more expensive shoe make me run faster or jump higher,as the ads suggest?
79.F.根据79题中的The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint,and a reduction of knee and lower back pain.可知本段讨论这个设计的好处,所以答案是F.You helped develop the unstable Masai MBT shoes.Does this design actually work?
80.E.根据80题中的There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot可知本段讨论光脚跑步的利弊,所以答案是E.Some people say we should run just as well without shoes.What's your opinion?

点评 考查阅读配对.
句子Is it true that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones?
是it做形式主语的句子,it代指that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones?
这是it常有的用法.

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20.American English and British English
Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English.How did these differences come about?There is no quick answer to this question.
At first the language in Britain and America was the same.In 1776America became an independent (独立的) country.After that,the language slowly began to change.For a long time the language in America stayed the same,while the language in England changed.For example,300years ago the English talked about"fall".Today,most British people talk about"autumn",but Americans still talk about"fall".In the same way Americans still use the expression"I guess"( meaning"I think"),just as the British did 300years ago.At the same time,British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages,ending up with different words.For example,the British took"typhoon"from Chinese,while the Americans took"tornado"from Spanish.
In 1828Noah Webster published the first American dictionary.He wanted to make American English different from British English,so he changed the spelling of many words.That's why the words colour,centre and traveller are spelt color,center,and traveler in American English.Except for these differences in spelling,written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
The differences are greater in the spoken language.For example,American say dance[d?ns],and in southern England they say[da:ns].In America they pronounce not[nat]; in southern England they say[n?t].However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

45.When did the language in Britain and American slowly begin to change?C
A.After 1828.
B.300years ago.
C.After Britain stopped ruling the USA.
D.300years after America became independent.
46.British English is different from American English becauseD.
A.Britain and America published different dictionaries
B.American English changed but British English stayed the same
C.British decided to change the spelling of many American words
D.the Americans and British took different words from other countries
47.What is the passage mainly about?B
A.Why English has become a popular language.
B.How American and British English have changed.
C.How people in two countries understand each other.
D.Why Britain and America are two similar countries.
1.Nowadays,more and more people are unable to sleep due to various of reasons.
What will you do if you have trouble going to sleep?Try a glass of warm milk,still no luck?Try counting sheep,"one,two,three…"It is late but you are still awake.Are you supposed to take a sleeping pill?No,because if you take it,you will probably depend on the drugs.So you lie awake all night hoping that the new workday will arrive soon.
A new study has found that you might fall asleep quicker and stay asleep longer if you try"cerebral hypothermia."No,cerebral hypothermia is not a complex medical process.It just means cooling down your brain.Eric Nofzinger and Daniel Buysse of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School led the study.They examined 12people who had insomnia.Twelve others had no sleep problems.Each of them wore a soft plastic cap on their heads at bed time,which had tubes (管子) inside filled with water.
The first two nights of testing,the patients wore no water caps.During the next two nights,the caps were worn,but the water was not cooled.Then the researchers cooled the water a little for two nights.On the final two nights of the study,the temperature of the water was made much cooler.
The researchers found that the water caps did not help the insomnia patients until the temperature was about 14℃.Most of the patients fell asleep faster and slept better when the coolest water was moving around their heads.
Dr.Nofzinger and Dr.Buysse noted that this was only the beginning of the brain temperature study.But they believe they have discovered something important that needs more research.They presented their test results in June at a meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies in Minneapolis,Minnesota.

21.What do we know about the study?A
A.Half of the people studied had trouble in sleeping
B.The researchers wore the cap every night.
C.The caps were made of cloth.
D.The study lasted six nights.
22.The underlined word"insomnia"in Paragraph 2probably meansB.
A.carelessness 
B.sleeplessness 
C.loneliness 
D.tiredness
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A.people can sleep better by wearing caps.
B.the water caps worked if the water was frozen
C.more research should be done.
D.the researchers finished the study in June.
24.What is the main idea of the passage?A
A.Cooling the brain may help people sleep.
B.Taking sleeping pills is not good for health.
C.Water helps people get up easily.
D.Many people can't sleep well at night.
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There is one (50)A that I hear all the time and I think is the most dangerous of all-"I can't even imagine…".By saying those (51)C words,you are (52)C any chance of success.You are also (53)B  yourself in a mindset(心态)that you will never achieve it.But maybe,if we can make a slight (54)C  in our mindset and (55)A  the words we speak,we can turn some of that negativity in our lives into positivity.
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41.A.WhileB.AsC.BecauseD.Unless
42.A.doB.sayC.expectD.explain
43.A.decidedB.wastedC.matchedD.handled
44.A.waysB.testsC.ideasD.words
45.A.upB.downC.offD.back
46.A.terribleB.surprisingC.discouragingD.positive
47.A.In factB.What's moreC.In turnD.On the other hand
48.A.howB.whyC.whatD.when
49.A.1iveB.developC.saveD.refuse
50.A.sayingB.articleC.storyD.note
51.A.boringB.harshC.simpleD.extra
52.A.seizingB.findingC.missingD.increasing
53.A.relaxingB.puttingC.enjoyingD.cheating
54.A.mistakeB.suggestionC.changeD.decision
55.A.watchB.forgetC.ignoreD.praise
56.A.roleB.thinkingC.characterD.advice
57.A.pictureB.hearC.keepD.notice
58.A.oftenB.evenC.neverD.still
59.A.doubtB.tolerateC.denyD.imagine
60.A.dreamB.realityC.goalD.promise.
5.以下是Knox大学所提供的一些课程:
A.German 202 B.Modern European History  C.Business management
*Intermediate language
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*5 nights(Tue一Sat)
*Class Time:
  7:30pm-9:30pm
*Covers both language and
  also provides introduction
  to German culture
+German 101 is required for
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*non-academic introduction tO
  European history
*3 nights per week
  (Mon-Wed)
*Class Time:
  7:30pm-9:30pm
*Focuses on historic sites of
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*Cost:900
*Business skills program
*5 nights per week
  (Tue一Sat)
*Class Time:
  8:30pm一11:30pm
*Learn all you need to know to
 run your own business
 Course ideal for a current
 business owner or someone
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*Cost:1,600
 D.Human Resources 101 E.Introductory Economics.F.Japanese
*Introduction to Human
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*5 days/night a week
  (Tue一Sat)
*Class Time:
  9:30am一12:30pm OR
  6:30pm-9:30pm
*provides practical
  guidance to improve your
  ability to handle your
  employees;includes
  negotiation and conflict
  settlement
*covets the basics required for
  senior high school and first year
  university economics study
*Twice weekly(Mon&Thu)
*Class Time:
  8:30pm--9:30pm
*TeXt-books included in course
  fee.Recognized by all major
  national universities
*Cost:600
 
*introductory course to
 Japanese language
*5 nights a week.(Mon--Fri)
*Class Time:
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*recognized by all national
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*Cost:1,700
 
以下是拟选择课程的一些学生,请匹配学生与他们相适应的课程.

   46.Jason Smith--graduated from high school last year and is now working as a Sales assistant in a supermarket.Wants to get promoted but he needs to have better skills at managing people to achieve this.Works from 1:30 pm to 9:30 pm Monday to Friday.D
   47.Julie Bender--is planning to travel to Europe next year and is interested in finding out more about some of the places she is planning to visit or learning a European language.Prefers to study after she finishes work at 6 pm rather than or weekends.B
   48.Hymen Nerdstrom-a senior high school student who needs a course that will help improve at least one of his weakest subjects,modem history and economics.Finishes school each  weekday at 5 pm.Every Tuesday and Thursday evening has football practice until 7 pm.E
   49.Ron Woods--works in a music shop Monday to Friday from 9 am to 4 pm.Is interested in taking a course that will give him the skill to successfully run business of his own.Also plays in a band every Sunday night  which he must attend.C
   50.Jill Seaweed-left school without graduating 5 years ago,but is now interested in continuing her education,Is interested in history and languages and wants a course that will not only help her learn more about either topic but will also help her to get accepted into university.F.
15.Just as the world's most respected scientific bodies have confirmed that the world is getting hotter,they have also stated that there is strong evidence that humans are driving the warming.Countless recent reports from the world's leading scientific bodies have said the same thing.For example,a 2010summary of climate science by the Royal Society stated that:"There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity."
The idea that humans could change the planet's climate may be counter-intuitive(与直觉不符的),but the basic science is well understood.Each year,human activity causes billions of tons of greenhouse gases to be released(释放)into the atmosphere.As scientists have known for years,these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space,wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course,the planet's climate has always been changing thanks to"natural"factors(因素) such as changes in solar or volcanic(火山的)activity,or cycles relating the Earth's going around the sun.According to the scientific literature,however,the warming recorded to date matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere-not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming observed so far,that would beg a difficult question.As Robert Henson puts it in The Rough Guide to Climate Change:"If some newly discovered factor can account for the climate change,then why aren't carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?"
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two  identical Earths-one with human influence and one without.That obviously isn't possible,and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.

72.In most scientists'opinion,the global warming is mainly caused byD.
A.solar activity
B.volcanic activity
C.the Earth's going around the sun
D.human activity
73.The text is developed byC.
A.giving typical examples
B.following the order of space
C.analyzing a theory and arguing it
D.comparing and finding differences
74.The underline word"identical"meansB.
A.totally different
B.exactly the same
C.extremely important
D.relatively independent
75.Which of the following can be the best title?C
A.Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?
B.Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?
C.Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?
D.What's Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?
2.A.enhanced   B.obvious   C.feedback   D.primarily   E.head    F.increasingly  G.shared    H.consistent   I.capacity   J.impact   K.interact

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For businesses that rely greatly on customer satisfaction and approvals,(44)C on their services is very important.Customers in particular are able to (45)K with the staff on the other end,and provide their feedback as to the quality of services that they have received.The role of most knowledge managers is to ensure that information is kept current,accurate and (46)H.Significant developments in the database management systems have made it easier to achieve this goal,and there can only be so much to look forward to as we (47)E into the future.
At the moment,(48)G information that passes through these systems can be run through different forms.There was a time when such information was (49)D document-
based.Today however,reports and other relevant information can be presented to the seeker through different media.
The most efficient knowledge base management systems in the market at the moment are built with the (50)I to handle all kinds of information.One of the other things that we cannot forget to mention is the mobile functionality of these programs.They are compatible(兼容的)with users across all platforms,and this makes them even more convenient than before.
19.Nearly everyone is shy in some ways.If shyness is making you uncomfortable,it may be time for a few lessons in self-confidence.You can build your confidence by following some suggestions from doctors and psychologists.
Make a decision not to hold back in conversations.What you have to say is just as important as what other people say.And don't turn down party invitations just because of your shyness.
Prepare yourself for being with others in groups.Make a list of the good qualities you have.Then make a list of ideas,experiences,and skills you would like to share with other people.Think about what you would like to say in advance.Then say it.
If you start feeling self-conscious in a group,take a deep breath and focus your attention on other people.Remember,you are not alone.Other people are concerned about the impression they are making,too.
No one ever gets over being shy completely,but most people do learn to live with their shyness.Even entertainers admit that they often feel shy.They work at fighting their shy feelings so that they can face the cameras and the public.Just making the effort to control shyness can have many rewards.But perhaps the best reason to fight shyness is to give other people a chance to know more about you.
64.Where would this article probably appear?A
A.In a popular magazine
B.On the front page of a newspaper
C.In a science textbook
D.In a dictionary
65.The main purpose of the article is toB.
A.explain how shyness develops
B.tell people ways of dealing with shyness
C.persuade readers that shyness is natural
D.prove that shyness can be overcome
66.According to the author,the key to fighting shyness isD.
A.speaking up at parties
B.talking as much as possible with others
C.making a list of good qualities
D.developing self-confidence.
20.In most situations,light helps us see.But when it comes to looking at the night sky,light is actually a kind of pollution.It prevents our view of some of life's most striking sights:stars,planets,and even galaxies(银河系).
"When I was a little boy,I loved the night sky.I remember looking up and the sky was filled with stars.I became an astronomer because I was amazed by their beauty,"says Robert Gent,"Now in most big cities kids can't see the stars like I did."
      Normally,about 2,500 individual (单个的) stars are visible to the human eyes without using any special equipment.But because of light pollution,you actually see just 200 to 300 and fewer than a dozen from some cities.Only one in three Americans can see our own galaxy with the naked eyes.Those people live far away from the lights of big cities,office buildings,and shopping malls.
      Fortunately,there's an inexpensive and useful way.If we shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky,and use lower brightness levels,we can save big amounts of energy and keep the beauty of the night sky.Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night,making sure enough shine for safety without creating much light pollution.
      Light pollution affects more than our view of the heavens and can harm wildlife.Migrating birds(候鸟) sometimes fly over cities and become confused by the brightness,flying in circles until they drop from exhaustion.  Sea turtles need dark beaches for nesting and won't approach bright lights.Too much light at night may even affect human health.For all these reasons,researchers are working on ways to use lights only when and where they are truly needed.Everyone deserves to look up at the sky.
 
71.According to the text,using our naked eyes,A.
A.people in remote areas can see more stars than those in big cities
B.over one third Americans can see our own galaxy 
C.about one in three Americans in big cities can see our own galaxy  
D.Americans can only see 200 to 300 stars
72.Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night mainly toD.
A.save the electricity                        
B.make sure of migrating birds'safety    
C.let you count the number of stars             
D.avoid much light pollution
73.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?B
A.The cause of light pollution
B.The way to reduce light pollution
C.The effect of light pollution.
D.People's attitude towards light pollution
74.The underlined word"exhaustion"in the last paragraph meansB.
A.air pollution        B.tiredness          C.breath      D.brightness
75.Which would be the best title for the text?A
A.Light Pollution   B.Seeking the Sky   C.Stars in the Sky      D.City Pollution.

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