题目内容
15．Just as the world's most respected scientific bodies have confirmed that the world is getting hotter，they have also stated that there is strong evidence that humans are driving the warming．Countless recent reports from the world's leading scientific bodies have said the same thing．For example，a 2010summary of climate science by the Royal Society stated that："There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity．"The idea that humans could change the planet's climate may be counter-intuitive（与直觉不符的），but the basic science is well understood．Each year，human activity causes billions of tons of greenhouse gases to be released（释放）into the atmosphere．As scientists have known for years，these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space，wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket．
Of course，the planet's climate has always been changing thanks to"natural"factors（因素） such as changes in solar or volcanic（火山的）activity，or cycles relating the Earth's going around the sun．According to the scientific literature，however，the warming recorded to date matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere-not the warming we would expect from other possible causes．
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming observed so far，that would beg a difficult question．As Robert Henson puts it in The Rough Guide to Climate Change："If some newly discovered factor can account for the climate change，then why aren't carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be？"
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths-one with human influence and one without．That obviously isn't possible，and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty．
72．In most scientists'opinion，the global warming is mainly caused byD．
A．solar activity
B．volcanic activity
C．the Earth's going around the sun
D．human activity
73．The text is developed byC．
A．giving typical examples
B．following the order of space
C．analyzing a theory and arguing it
D．comparing and finding differences
74．The underline word"identical"meansB．
A．totally different
B．exactly the same
C．extremely important
D．relatively independent
75．Which of the following can be the best title？C
A．Are All the Scientists Really Scientific？
B．Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to？
C．Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming？
D．What's Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases？
分析 本文主要就"人类活动是否影响气候变暖"提出观点并争论．
解答 DCBC
72．D 细节题．由Just as the world's most respected scientific bodies have confirmed that the world is getting hotter，they have also stated that there is strong evidence that humans are driving the warming．可知，是人类活动影响气候变暖．故选D
73．C 推断题．由全文可知，文章提出来了一个观点并且还在争论．故选C
74．B 推断题．根据本句The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths-one with human influence and one without．指用两个一样的地球来进行式样，一个受到人类的影响，而另外一个没有．故Identical指"一样的"，故选B
75．C 文章理解题．通读全文可知，本文主要提出"人类活动是否影响气候变暖"并争论．故选C
点评 本文主要就"人类活动是否影响气候变暖"提出观点并争论．本文的题目较为简单，主题也很突出，也考生熟悉的环境保护类的短文阅读题．以推理题的考查为主，要求考生阅读时关注文章细节，合理判断，准确选择．
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10．An interview with Benno Nigg，the sports scientist
76．D
Nigg's Answer：That is a little bit overstated．But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development．If you take a group of people and want to injure them，send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run．A lot of them will be injured in three weeks．The major factors are the distance run，the intensity and recovery time，not the shoes．
77．B
Nigg's Answer：The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes，you don't know what to do．Things that are sometimes done，like video analysis of your rear foot movement，may not help．The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels．If you feel comfortable in a shoe，it's likely to be good for you．
78．C
Nigg's Answer：A shoe may act as a training device，making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users．Or it may use materials that last longer．That may have something to do with its price．However，for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features．Generally，the more a shoe controls movement，the more it acts like a cast，which means you lose some muscle strength，and your feet are more likely to be injured．
79．F
Nigg's Answer：Yes，for about 80per cent of people．The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint，and a reduction of knee and lower back pain．However，some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated，such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce．
80．E
Nigg's Answer：There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot，but there is not yet enough evidence，or enough research，to prove that．If you look at performance，most papers suggest an advantage of 3to 4per cent．With a few exceptions，people don't run barefoot，so it may be that it's not an advantage，or it may be that we're just not used to it．
| A．What kind of technology might we see in sports shoes of the future？ B．What should people look out for when buying a new pair of sports shoes？ C．Will a more expensive shoe make me run faster or jump higher，as the ads suggest？ D．Is it true that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones？ E．Some people say we should run just as well without shoes．What's your opinion？ F．You helped develop the unstable Masai MBT shoes．Does this design actually work？ |
Nigg's Answer：That is a little bit overstated．But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development．If you take a group of people and want to injure them，send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run．A lot of them will be injured in three weeks．The major factors are the distance run，the intensity and recovery time，not the shoes．
77．B
Nigg's Answer：The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes，you don't know what to do．Things that are sometimes done，like video analysis of your rear foot movement，may not help．The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels．If you feel comfortable in a shoe，it's likely to be good for you．
78．C
Nigg's Answer：A shoe may act as a training device，making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users．Or it may use materials that last longer．That may have something to do with its price．However，for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features．Generally，the more a shoe controls movement，the more it acts like a cast，which means you lose some muscle strength，and your feet are more likely to be injured．
79．F
Nigg's Answer：Yes，for about 80per cent of people．The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint，and a reduction of knee and lower back pain．However，some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated，such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce．
80．E
Nigg's Answer：There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot，but there is not yet enough evidence，or enough research，to prove that．If you look at performance，most papers suggest an advantage of 3to 4per cent．With a few exceptions，people don't run barefoot，so it may be that it's not an advantage，or it may be that we're just not used to it．