题目内容
20．American English and British EnglishMany students want to know about the differences between American English and British English．How did these differences come about？There is no quick answer to this question．
At first the language in Britain and America was the same．In 1776America became an independent （独立的） country．After that，the language slowly began to change．For a long time the language in America stayed the same，while the language in England changed．For example，300years ago the English talked about"fall"．Today，most British people talk about"autumn"，but Americans still talk about"fall"．In the same way Americans still use the expression"I guess"（ meaning"I think"），just as the British did 300years ago．At the same time，British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words．For example，the British took"typhoon"from Chinese，while the Americans took"tornado"from Spanish．
In 1828Noah Webster published the first American dictionary．He wanted to make American English different from British English，so he changed the spelling of many words．That's why the words colour，centre and traveller are spelt color，center，and traveler in American English．Except for these differences in spelling，written English is more or less the same in both British and American English．
The differences are greater in the spoken language．For example，American say dance[d?ns]，and in southern England they say[da：ns]．In America they pronounce not[nat]； in southern England they say[n?t]．However，most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other．
45．When did the language in Britain and American slowly begin to change？C
A．After 1828．
B.300years ago．
C．After Britain stopped ruling the USA．
D.300years after America became independent．
46．British English is different from American English becauseD．
A．Britain and America published different dictionaries
B．American English changed but British English stayed the same
C．British decided to change the spelling of many American words
D．the Americans and British took different words from other countries
47．What is the passage mainly about？B
A．Why English has become a popular language．
B．How American and British English have changed．
C．How people in two countries understand each other．
D．Why Britain and America are two similar countries．
分析 美式英语和英式英语
许多学生都想了解美式英语和英式英语到底有什么区别．这些区别是如何产生的呢？其实没有一个快速的答案回答．一开始的时候美式英语和英式英语其实是一样的．但是1776年美国变成一个独立的国家后，美式英语开始了缓慢的变化．在很长一段时间里美式英语基本没有变化反而英式英语有了变化．比如，300年前英式英语用"FALL"说秋天，现在大多说人都说'AUTUMN'．但是美式英语任然用"FALL"．同时美式英语里任然使用"I GUESS"来表示"我想"，跟英式英语300年前的说法是一样的．
同时美式英语和英式英语开始从外来语吸收单词．比如英式英语从中文中借取"TYPHOON"（台风） 然后美式英语从西班牙语借取了"TORNADO"（台风）
解答 45-47CDB
45．C 细节理解题 根据In 1776America became an independent （独立的） country．After that，the language slowly began to change．可知，是在英国结束对美国的统治之后开始了变化，故答案为C
46．D 细节理解题 根据At the same time，British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words．For example，the British took"typhoon"from Chinese，while the Americans took"tornado"from Spanish．可知，两种语言都 从其他国家借用了不同的语言导致不同，故答案为D
47．B 主旨大意题 本文主要讲述了英式英语与美式英语的不同，并阐述了为什么两种语言产生了差别，故答案为B
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
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10．An interview with Benno Nigg，the sports scientist
76．D
Nigg's Answer：That is a little bit overstated．But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development．If you take a group of people and want to injure them，send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run．A lot of them will be injured in three weeks．The major factors are the distance run，the intensity and recovery time，not the shoes．
77．B
Nigg's Answer：The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes，you don't know what to do．Things that are sometimes done，like video analysis of your rear foot movement，may not help．The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels．If you feel comfortable in a shoe，it's likely to be good for you．
78．C
Nigg's Answer：A shoe may act as a training device，making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users．Or it may use materials that last longer．That may have something to do with its price．However，for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features．Generally，the more a shoe controls movement，the more it acts like a cast，which means you lose some muscle strength，and your feet are more likely to be injured．
79．F
Nigg's Answer：Yes，for about 80per cent of people．The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint，and a reduction of knee and lower back pain．However，some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated，such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce．
80．E
Nigg's Answer：There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot，but there is not yet enough evidence，or enough research，to prove that．If you look at performance，most papers suggest an advantage of 3to 4per cent．With a few exceptions，people don't run barefoot，so it may be that it's not an advantage，or it may be that we're just not used to it．
| A．What kind of technology might we see in sports shoes of the future？ B．What should people look out for when buying a new pair of sports shoes？ C．Will a more expensive shoe make me run faster or jump higher，as the ads suggest？ D．Is it true that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones？ E．Some people say we should run just as well without shoes．What's your opinion？ F．You helped develop the unstable Masai MBT shoes．Does this design actually work？ |
Nigg's Answer：That is a little bit overstated．But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development．If you take a group of people and want to injure them，send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run．A lot of them will be injured in three weeks．The major factors are the distance run，the intensity and recovery time，not the shoes．
77．B
Nigg's Answer：The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes，you don't know what to do．Things that are sometimes done，like video analysis of your rear foot movement，may not help．The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels．If you feel comfortable in a shoe，it's likely to be good for you．
78．C
Nigg's Answer：A shoe may act as a training device，making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users．Or it may use materials that last longer．That may have something to do with its price．However，for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features．Generally，the more a shoe controls movement，the more it acts like a cast，which means you lose some muscle strength，and your feet are more likely to be injured．
79．F
Nigg's Answer：Yes，for about 80per cent of people．The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint，and a reduction of knee and lower back pain．However，some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated，such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce．
80．E
Nigg's Answer：There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot，but there is not yet enough evidence，or enough research，to prove that．If you look at performance，most papers suggest an advantage of 3to 4per cent．With a few exceptions，people don't run barefoot，so it may be that it's not an advantage，or it may be that we're just not used to it．