题目内容
6.In the 1990s,when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was cut down every year,Brazil was the world's environmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places.Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade.If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005,an extra 3.2billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere.That is an amount equal to a year's emissions from the European Union.Arguably,then,Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)?The answer,according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans,better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.
The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004.This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions.The Brazilian Forest Code said that,on every farm in the Amazon,80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve.As the study observes,this share was so high that the code could not be followed-or enforced.This was the period of the worst deforestation.Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.
During the second stage,which ran from 2005to 2009,the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon.Brazil's president made stopping deforestation a priority,which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government.The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.
The third stage,which began in 2009,was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued.The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these).Farmers in the 36counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.
By any standards,Brazil's Amazon policy has been a success,made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards,which might have been expected to have worked better.Over the period of the study,Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower,so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest.Moreover,the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures.Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things,so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways,too.Deforestation has been slowed,but not yet stopped.
73.Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change becauseC.
A.it has rainforest as large as Belgium
B.it has cut down too much rainforest
C.it has taken action to reduce deforestation
D.it sent 3.2billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air
74.The underlined phrase"silver bullet"in Paragraph 2most probably refers toB.
A.a powerful weapon B.an effective solution
C.an intelligent device D.a golden opportunity
75.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?D
A.80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.
B.Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.
C.The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.
D.The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.
76.What can we infer from the last paragraph?C
A.Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.
B.All the farmers care much about forest protection.
C.Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.
D.Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.
77.What can be the best title of the passage?A
A.Cutting Down on Cutting Down
B.Brazil,the World Leader in Farming
C.Restrictions Outperforming Rewards
D.Former Awareness Working Wonders.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了巴西政府通过三个阶段有效的减少了森林砍伐现象,从之前砍伐森林的环境破坏者变成了现在世界气候变化的突出保护者,然而问题也并没有完全解除,小佃农们的问题还有待解决.
解答 73.C.细节理解题.根据文章第一段"Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade",政府数据显示,过去的十年中,巴西亚马逊地区的森林砍伐减少了70%,可知他已采取行动减少森林砍伐;故选C.
74.B.词义推测题.该短语出现在第二段,文意为巴西之所以能有效控制森林砍伐,不是由于silver bullet,而是采取了三个阶段逐步达成的;故选C.
75.D.推理判断题,根据文章第五段"The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these)"政府把重点从农场转移到了各个郡(每个州都有很多这样的地方),可知政府扩大监管范围;故选D.
76.C.推理判断题,根据文章最后一段"Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things",大部分剩余的雨林现在由小佃农看护,而这些人对法律和市场知之甚少,可知小农场持有者很让巴西政府头疼;故选C.
77.A.主旨大意题.通读全文,全文是关于巴西政府通过三个阶段有效的减少了森林砍伐现象,因此主要内容为减少森林砍伐;故选A.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
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---No.Somehow,it was three weeks__________ I received it.( )
A. | since | B. | when | C. | that | D. | before |