题目内容

2.Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact.The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength.This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa.They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus,but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to"hot up"and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox,who led the study from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health,explains:"The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal."
"We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process.The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies."
Professor Roger Hewson,leading the study from Public Health England,Porton Down,said:"Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa."
"Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists'skills to close this knowledge gap."
Professor Miles Carroll,a co-author of the work,said:"This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak."
29.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?C
A.How severe Ebola virus is.
B.How Ebola virus spreads.
C.How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.
D.What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.
30.Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?B
A.In the first stage,the virus hurts its victims much.
B.As the virus spreads,it'll change and become more and more deadly.
C.The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.
D.The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.
31.The underlined word"fatal"has the closest meaning toB.
A.optimistic   B.deadly    C.common   D.fantastic
32.Where can we probably read this passage?A
A.In a science report.
B.In a storybook.
C.In an advertisement.
D.In a textbook.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了埃博拉病毒,它开始时并不是致命的,而是在传播过程中发生了改变,变得越来越致命,如今科学家还没有发现能治愈埃博拉的方法.

解答 29.C  细节理解题,根据第一段Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact.可知本段讲述了埃博拉病毒如何逐渐成为致命的病毒,故选C.
30.B  推理判断题,根据第一段They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus,but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to"hot up"and become more severe.可知最初埃博拉不是致命的,随着它的传播导致它变得越来越致命,故选B.
31.B  词义猜测题,根据第三段Professor Julian Hiscox,who led the study from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health,explains:"The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal."可知Julian Hiscox教授告诉我们埃博拉病毒进化的目标是更致命的,故选B.
32.A  文章出处题,通读全文可知本文是有关埃博拉病毒的科学报道,故选A.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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73.Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change becauseC.
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B.it has cut down too much rainforest
C.it has taken action to reduce deforestation
D.it sent 3.2billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air
74.The underlined phrase"silver bullet"in Paragraph 2most probably refers toB.
A.a powerful weapon       B.an effective solution
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75.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?D
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B.Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.
C.The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.
D.The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.
76.What can we infer from the last paragraph?C
A.Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.
B.All the farmers care much about forest protection.
C.Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.
D.Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.
77.What can be the best title of the passage?A
A.Cutting Down on Cutting Down
B.Brazil,the World Leader in Farming
C.Restrictions Outperforming Rewards
D.Former Awareness Working Wonders.
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We have already messed up this world,we have ruined the air,water,and animals that it has so willingly provided for us.We need to stop this destruction of life and bring back the world we had before.It will not be easy,but everybody can help!What about something as simple as turning the lights off when you leave a room?Recycling what can be recycled?Picking up litter?Donating money to an environmental organization?None of these things are very hard.We can't just always say,"Oh,the earth is a mess.Ah,well,those big companies that are polluting so much can stop and fix it."Instead,we need to help out.It's not only those big companies; it's everyday things that we do too that are ruining the earth.So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world!

32.Why does the author mention televisions and game systems in Paragraph 1A?
A.To make people better aware of the urgency to the protection of the earth.
B.To explore the great harm done to the earth by too much technology waste.
C.To show the relationship between overuse of those things with early death.
D.To remind people to spend less on them and use the saved money in a wiser way.
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A.thinks we must take care of our irreplaceable home-----the earth
B.thinks running around in fields occupies too much of kids'time
C.takes an extremely negative attitude to things like game systems
D.takes it for granted that technology gives kids plenty of entertainment
34.We can clearly feel that the author wrote this passage with deepB
A.anger
B.emotion
C.sadness
D.regret
35.What is the main purpose of the passageD?
A.To criticize those big companies that ruin the earth
B.To ask people to save kids from the harm done by pollution.
C.To give kids plenty of entertainment in a clean environment
D.To call on people to stop ruining the earth.
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43.The underlined phrase"wear and tear"in Paragraph 1 probably meansC.
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B.an unimaginable distance   
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B.25.2cm   
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D.25cm.
7.Cooking programs and classes for children seem to positively influence children's food preferences and behaviors,according to a recent review.And,although the review didn't look at long-term effects of such programs,the findings suggest that such programs might help children develop long-lasting healthy habits.
This research comes at a time when childhood obesity(肥胖) rates have been rising rapidly.More than one-third of adolescents in the United States were obese in 2012,according to the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).This trend has been caused,at least in part,by a significant decrease in the amount of meals that people consume at home since the 1980s,according to background information in the study.
Cooking education programs,such as Food Explorers,teach children about new healthy foods and how to prepare them.They also stress the importance of eating five fruits and vegetables every day.A volunteer parent explains a new food to the group,and the kids make something based on the lesson,such as fruit or vegetable salad.Depending on the program,kids may be sent home with information about healthy foods to bring to their parents,the review explained.
The study team reviewed eight other studies that tested different types of cooking education programs.Children in these classes were between 5and 12years old,according to the review.The goal of the study team was to learn more about developing an efficient program to encourage healthy food choices that last a lifetime.The study found that it is particularly important to expose kids to healthy foods on a number of occasions.This makes them feel comfortable with the new foods,which helps them build healthy habits.
The study stressed the importance of getting parents involved in(参与) their children's eating habits.Parents who are unable to enroll their kids in a cooking class can achieve similar benefits by having their kids help them while they prepare meals at home.Children are more comfortable at home,which makes them more receptive to new foods because they will make the connection to a positive experience.

36.What can we infer from the second paragraph?A
A.Eating out frequently causes obesity.
B.Childhood obesity is totally caused by eating habit.
C.Childhood obesity rates have been rising rapidly since 2012
D.Food consumption has decreased significantly since the 1980s.
37.On cooking education programs,C.
A.children learn how to prepare foods from their parents
B.children will learn how to cook in the company of their parents
C.children may learn information unknown to their parents
D.children focus more on cooking skills than on information about healthy foods
38.Which of the following is true according to the study?B
A.Parents should let their kids cook independently at home.
B.A greater willingness to try new foods helps building healthy habits.
C.Children who participate in cooking programs are less likely to become obese.
D.Children who take cooking courses are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as adults.
39.Which of the following categories does this passage belong to?D
A.Education Systems
B.Science and Technology
C.Parent-child Relationship
D.Public Health Research
40.The purpose of the passage isA.
A.to inform the reader
B.to entertain the reader
C.to discuss with the reader
D.to warn the reader.
14."Clean your plate!"and"Be a member of the clean-plate-club!"Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent.Often,it's accompanied by an appeal:"Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!"Sure,we should be grateful for every bite of food.Unfortunately,many people in the US take too many bites.Instead of staying"clean the plate",perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports,US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies.A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government,according to a USA Today story.Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls,a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University,told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s,the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now,apparently,some customers are calling for this too.The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57percent of more than 4,000people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23percent had no opinion; 20percent disagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions.Seventy percent of those earning at least 150,000peryearprefersmallerportions;butonly45percentofthoseearninglessthan25,000want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy.It's just that,after long hours at low-paying jobs,getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.They live from paycheck to paycheck,happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.

36.Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenD.
A.to save food.
B.to wash the dishes.
C.not to eat too much     
D.not to waste food.
37.Why do American restaurants serve large portions?B
A.Because Americans have big bellies.
B.Because Americans associate quantity with value.
C Because Americans are good eaters.
D.Because Americans are greedy.
38.What happened in the 1970s?C
A.The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.
B.Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.
C.The American waistline started to expand.
D.The United States produced more grain than needed.
39.What does the survey indicate?B
A.Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.
B.Many poor Americans want large portions.
C.Fifty seven percent Americans earn 150,000peryear.
D.TwentythreepercentAmericansearnlessthan25,000per year.
40.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?D
A.They work long hours.
B.They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C.They want to save money for their children         
D.They don't want to be healthy eaters.
11.What would you do to reduce the chance of dying of cancer?How far would you go if you had a 70to 90percent chance of contracting bowel--and your uncle,mother,father,and two of your brothers had died from it?
Lynne Fisher decided she would do almost anything.So,even though she showed no signs of cancer at all,Fisher,51,a former mental health worker,agreed to undergo what might sound like a radical surgery:doctors removed nearly her whole colon(结肠) and rerouted her small intestine(肠) to perform the functions of her large intestine.
The side effects were horrific,she said.For a year,Fisher struggled to control her bowel movements.She fought depression,and she hated her large scars and the 28staples that had been left in her body.Her Multiple Sclerosis returned.The woman she shared a hospital room with--who'd had a similar surgery--did not survive.
"When you're in it,it's like a dark tunnel,"she told ABC News in a long phone conversation about her medical history.
But then,one day,she realized the surgery had helped saved her life.And since then,she's never looked back.
"What's a year out of your life compared to dying?"  the 51-year-old said from her home in central England."I get to watch my dogs grow up,my children grow up,my grandchild,I get to see my cherry blossoms in the tree,I get to see the sun shining in the morning,I get to go on holiday--I get to see life."
Genes that cause breast cancer have been discussed widely for years.But less well known is Lynch syndrome,the gene mutation that Fisher and her much of her family inherited.
Roughly one in 370people has Lynch syndrome,according to Lynch Syndrome International,an organization dedicated to helping people with Lynch syndrome and those who treat them.It's unclear how many Americans choose to have the surgery that Fisher had:prophylactic subtotal colectomy,which doctors describe as a major surgery that,while elective,can often save lives.

36.Why did Lynne Fisher decide to remove nearly her whole colon?C
A.Because she has already had a cancer.
B.Because she thought the colon was useless.
C.Because she was afraid of dying of bowel cancer someday.
D.Because her doctor persuaded her to do that.
37.According to the passage,what is NOT true about the surgery undergone by Lynne Fisher?A
A.It is only a very simple and easy surgery.
B.It can bring about some terrible side effects.
C.It's possible for one to die of the surgery.
D.It takes one maybe a year to recover from the surgery.
38.What can we learn from the underlined sentence?C
A.Lynne Fisher really regretted what she had done.
B.Lynne Fisher thought it was not worth a year to have the surgery.
C.Compared to death,the suffering during the year was worthwhile.
D.Lynne Fisher spent a painful year in recovering from the surgery.
39.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A
A.About 0.27% people have Lynch syndrome now in America.
B.We can tell exactly how many people have had the surgery.
C.Lynch Syndrome International helps people with Lynch syndrome only.
D.People with Lynch syndrome will be forced to have the surgery.
40.The main purpose of the passage is toD.
A.persuade people with Lynch syndrome to have a surgery
B.introduce Lynne Fisher and the disease she developed
C.tell us something about the Lynch syndrome and its effect on our health
D.introduce Lynch syndrome to us and tell us that a surgery can save lives.

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