题目内容

5.Researchers may have discovered a perfect material of dieting----low fat cake and cheese.
British researchers say they have created a protein (蛋白质) that fat perfectly.
The proteins will enable food producers to remove much of the fat used in their products but without reducing product quality.
Funded by team from University of Edinburgh,the researchers have produced the modified (调整了的) proteins that easily break down and therefore work nearly the same as the fats do during food production.
"We've paved the way for the development of modified proteins that can be used to produce a wider ranger of appealing low-fat foods,"said Dr.Steve Euston,who led the research.
"The result could be important for health benefits,as well as a reduction in the burden on the National Health Service (NHS) caused by many weight-related health problems."
Protein-for-fat substitution (替代品) is not a completely new idea,but to date it has been limited to products such as yogurts.
In cheeses and cakes it has proved less successful in ensuring the original taste and texture fundamental to consumer satisfaction,mainly because proteins could not mimic the behavior of fats closely enough.
By studying the proteins'chemical structure,the team has developed a detailed understanding of how proteins behave when they are heated or go through other food producing processes.
The proteins could encourage development of a wider choice of low-fat foods,helping consumers to eat more healthily and reducing weight-related health problems.
The team has achieved particularly promising results in using proteins to replace eggs,which is commonly used in bakery items.
Such substitution not only cuts fat content; because eggs can be subject to sharp changes in price,it could also cut the cost products and so encourage consumers to eat more healthily.

47.What can we learn from the passage?A
A.The NHS will benefit from this new finding.
B.the research team is funded by food producers.
C.Protein for fat substitution is a completely new idea.
D.Products of modified proteins have been put on sale.
48.The underlined word"mimic"meansD
A.reduces 
B.makes 
C.removes 
D.imitates
49.These new proteins work nearly the same as the fats do becauseB.
A.they will cut fat content easily 
B.they will break down easily
C.their products are cheaper and healthier 
D.they ensure the original taste and texture.
50.Which of the following is best title?A
A.A Special Protein 
B.How Proteins Work
C.Cut down the Food Cost 
D.A special Research Team.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了一种可以用来代替脂肪的一种新型蛋白质,该蛋白质将使食品生产商去除大部分在他们的产品中使用的脂肪,但不降低产品质量,且可以降低成本使消费者吃得更健康.

解答 47.A.推理判断题.根据文章第六段as well as a reduction in the burden on the National Health Service (NHS) caused by many weight-related health problems,以及减少国民健康服务(NHS)很多与体重相关的健康问题所引起的负担;故选A.
48.D.词义推断题.根据文章第八段"mainly because proteins could not mimic the behavior of fats closely enough."可知蛋白质不能模仿脂肪的行为作用.故选D.
49.B.细节理解题.根据第四段 the researchers have produced the modified proteins that easily break down and therefore work nearly the same as the fats do during food production,研究人员已经研究出了改良的蛋白质,它很容易被分解,因此在食品生产中作用和脂肪几乎一样;故选B.
50.A.主旨大意题.通读全文,本文主要介绍了一种新型蛋白质,可以用来代替脂肪.故选A

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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6.In the 1990s,when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was cut down every year,Brazil was the world's environmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places.Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade.If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005,an extra 3.2billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere.That is an amount equal to a year's emissions from the European Union.Arguably,then,Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.
But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)?The answer,according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans,better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.
The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004.This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions.The Brazilian Forest Code said that,on every farm in the Amazon,80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve.As the study observes,this share was so high that the code could not be followed-or enforced.This was the period of the worst deforestation.Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.
During the second stage,which ran from 2005to 2009,the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon.Brazil's president made stopping deforestation a priority,which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government.The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.
The third stage,which began in 2009,was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued.The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these).Farmers in the 36counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.
By any standards,Brazil's Amazon policy has been a success,made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards,which might have been expected to have worked better.Over the period of the study,Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower,so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest.Moreover,the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures.Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things,so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways,too.Deforestation has been slowed,but not yet stopped.

73.Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change becauseC.
A.it has rainforest as large as Belgium
B.it has cut down too much rainforest
C.it has taken action to reduce deforestation
D.it sent 3.2billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air
74.The underlined phrase"silver bullet"in Paragraph 2most probably refers toB.
A.a powerful weapon       B.an effective solution
C.an intelligent device   D.a golden opportunity
75.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?D
A.80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.
B.Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.
C.The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.
D.The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.
76.What can we infer from the last paragraph?C
A.Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.
B.All the farmers care much about forest protection.
C.Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.
D.Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.
77.What can be the best title of the passage?A
A.Cutting Down on Cutting Down
B.Brazil,the World Leader in Farming
C.Restrictions Outperforming Rewards
D.Former Awareness Working Wonders.
10.The earth is dying before us yet we sit and watch.If the TV or the game system breaks,we run off to the stores to get it fixed immediately no matter what the cost.Why aren't we willing to fix our earth?Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live?Where shall we continue to live,until the end of time?
The earth is our home and cannot be replaced.We must take care of it.We have come up with so much technology that limits us instead of helping us.Take that game system we run to repair.What does it do?It occupies kids'time!The earth has already given kids plenty of entertainment in the forms of fields and hills,forests and plains,water and land.However,instead of using what the earth has given us,and helping kids by giving them exercise as they run around,we decide to ruin kids'minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours,and make them ignore their homework and chores.We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help in any way!
We have already messed up this world,we have ruined the air,water,and animals that it has so willingly provided for us.We need to stop this destruction of life and bring back the world we had before.It will not be easy,but everybody can help!What about something as simple as turning the lights off when you leave a room?Recycling what can be recycled?Picking up litter?Donating money to an environmental organization?None of these things are very hard.We can't just always say,"Oh,the earth is a mess.Ah,well,those big companies that are polluting so much can stop and fix it."Instead,we need to help out.It's not only those big companies; it's everyday things that we do too that are ruining the earth.So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world!

32.Why does the author mention televisions and game systems in Paragraph 1A?
A.To make people better aware of the urgency to the protection of the earth.
B.To explore the great harm done to the earth by too much technology waste.
C.To show the relationship between overuse of those things with early death.
D.To remind people to spend less on them and use the saved money in a wiser way.
33.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the authorC.
A.thinks we must take care of our irreplaceable home-----the earth
B.thinks running around in fields occupies too much of kids'time
C.takes an extremely negative attitude to things like game systems
D.takes it for granted that technology gives kids plenty of entertainment
34.We can clearly feel that the author wrote this passage with deepB
A.anger
B.emotion
C.sadness
D.regret
35.What is the main purpose of the passageD?
A.To criticize those big companies that ruin the earth
B.To ask people to save kids from the harm done by pollution.
C.To give kids plenty of entertainment in a clean environment
D.To call on people to stop ruining the earth.
17.If you know the following fact,you'll understand why many people suffer from foot problems.The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the Earth in a lifetime.That is enormous wear and tear on the 26 bones,33 joints and more than 100 muscles that make up the foot.
In a recent survey for the American Podiatric Medical Association,53 percent of respondents reported foot pain so severe that it affected their daily function.On average,people develop pain in their 60s,but it can start as early as the 20s and 30s.And usually women give care to their feet while men don't."A lot of people think foot pain is part of the aging process and accept it,and  walk with pain,"said Dr Andrew Shapiro.Though some foot problems are inevitable,their progress can be slowed.The following questions will help you assess whether you should take more preventive action as you age.Do you have flat feet or hig harches(足弓)?Either puts feet a trisk.Shoes that support the arch and heel can help flat feet.People with high arches should look for roomy shoes and soft erpadding(衬垫)to absorb the shock.Proper exercises also strengthen muscles,supporting the foot.
Do your shoes fit?In the survey,more than 34 percent of men said they could not remember the last time their feet were measured.20 percent of women said that once a week they wore shoes that hurt,and 8 percent wore painful shoes daily.Feet flatten and lengthen with age,so if you still stick to the shoe size you wore at the age of 21,get your feet measured.Do you walk?Putting more mileage(里程)on your feet is the best way to exercise the muscles and keep them healthy.

43.The underlined phrase"wear and tear"in Paragraph 1 probably meansC.
A.a  surprising experience    
B.an unimaginable distance   
C.damage due to continuous use
D.a contribution to the feet
44.What do we know from the passageC?
A.The number of men and women who have foot problems is similar.  
B.Walking as little as possible can protect your feet from pain.    
C.More than half of there spondent shave serious foot problems.   
D.53% of people develop foot pain in their 60s.
45.Which of the following statements best explains foot painA?
A.Not all of it can be avoided.  
B.People can't slow its process.   
C.Walking more will stop foot pain.  
D.Preventive actions can't work well.
46.If your feet are 26cm long at 23,what is the probable length of your feet when you are 43?A
A.26.2cm   
B.25.2cm   
C.26cm   
D.25cm.
14."Clean your plate!"and"Be a member of the clean-plate-club!"Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent.Often,it's accompanied by an appeal:"Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!"Sure,we should be grateful for every bite of food.Unfortunately,many people in the US take too many bites.Instead of staying"clean the plate",perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports,US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies.A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government,according to a USA Today story.Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls,a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University,told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s,the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now,apparently,some customers are calling for this too.The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57percent of more than 4,000people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23percent had no opinion; 20percent disagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions.Seventy percent of those earning at least 150,000peryearprefersmallerportions;butonly45percentofthoseearninglessthan25,000want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy.It's just that,after long hours at low-paying jobs,getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.They live from paycheck to paycheck,happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.

36.Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenD.
A.to save food.
B.to wash the dishes.
C.not to eat too much     
D.not to waste food.
37.Why do American restaurants serve large portions?B
A.Because Americans have big bellies.
B.Because Americans associate quantity with value.
C Because Americans are good eaters.
D.Because Americans are greedy.
38.What happened in the 1970s?C
A.The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.
B.Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.
C.The American waistline started to expand.
D.The United States produced more grain than needed.
39.What does the survey indicate?B
A.Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.
B.Many poor Americans want large portions.
C.Fifty seven percent Americans earn 150,000peryear.
D.TwentythreepercentAmericansearnlessthan25,000per year.
40.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?D
A.They work long hours.
B.They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C.They want to save money for their children         
D.They don't want to be healthy eaters.
15.Not very long ago,the question would have seemed absurd.Now it is on the lips of respected scientists; MPs(议员) are beginning to talk of"a war on sugar",and even England's chief medical officer has said sugar may have to be,like the old enemy tobacco,taxed in order to protect the nation's health.
There came a time in the evolution of public attitudes to smoking,when the doctors had been shouting for long enough that the public was broadly aware of the risks and the only question left,for Government was:what should we do about it?
Some believe we are now at the same point in our attitudes to sugar.Others-largely but not only representatives of the food and drink industry-say the entire debate has been skewed,(歪曲) by those who spread stories deliberately to make people nervous.
More or less everyone agrees that eating too much sugar is bad for you.There is also no doubt obesity is a growing problem which is putting a significant,avoidable burden on the NHS by increasing the rates of diabetes,heart disease and other long-term conditions.
But to what extent is sugar-rather than saturated fats,or salt,carbohydrates or proteins,or any of the other devils of modem diets-the cause of obesity and how much should we worry about it?
Yesterday,hopes of achieving anything resembling clarity(清楚) from the World Health Organization (WHO) were confused once again,which,widely expected to reduce the recommended sugar intake by a half in new draft guidance,instead said it would continue to recommend that sugar make up no more than 10per cent of the energy we consume,while adding that cutting this to five per cent would have"additional benefits".The decision will now go out to public consultation.
Simon Capewell,professor of the University of Liverpool,said that he suspected"dirty work"on the part of food and drinks companies might lie behind the WHO's less than resounding message.
"The food industry say Government has no business interfering(介入) in families,we must protect personal choice,"Professor Capewell said."We say there is no personal choice.At the moment,a mother can walk into a supermarket with a choice of four tomato soups-with three,or four,or five teaspoons of sugar in them.She has a choice of thousands of ready meals-with five,or six,or even nine teaspoons of sugar in."

59.By referring to smoking the author indicates thatB.
A.sugar has just turned out to be as harmful as smoking
B.it is not easy for authorities to restrict or ban something
C.it is easy for people to see bad effects of something
D.people must see the disadvantages of sugar immediately
60.WHO has changed its idea mainly becauseC.
A.it thinks the danger of sugar to health is overemphasized
B.it finds it safe to take in as much sugar as people do now
C.it believes certain amount of intake of sugar does us good
D.it has been put under pressure by food and drinks companies
61.When reporting the argument about sugar,the author seems toB.
A.remain objective                    B.stand by those against it
C.believe it harmless                 D.hold the view of"wait-and-see"
62.Which of the following can be the proper title for the passage?A
A.Is sugar the new evil?B.How much sugar do you take daily?
C.Is sugar to be taxed?D.How much do you know about sugar?

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