题目内容

19.One of our expectations about education is that it will pay off in terms of upward mobility.Historically,the relation between education and income has been strong.But in the early 1970s,a contradiction developed between education and the economy.Our value of education and our average educational attainment(获得)run faster than the capacity of the economy to absorb the graduates.
Since the 1970s,high-school graduates have experienced a striking decrease in earnings,making them the first generation since World WarⅡto face a lower standard of living than their parents had.Experts have argued that this contradiction is at the heart of the problem of public education today.It is not,as business leaders claim,that the schools are failing to properly educate students,that they are turning out young people who are inadequately prepared to function in the workplace.The real problem is a shortage of economic opportunities for students who are not continuing on to college.College graduates also are having difficulty finding jobs.Even when they do,the jobs may not be consistent with their training and expectations.Part of the problem is that too many young Americans expect to have professional jobs,making disappointment and frustration unavoidable for some.
Many students assumed that what was true of an individual-that the higher the education,the better the job opportunities-would also be true for an entire society.But when the numbers of better-educated young people became too great,the economy could no longer absorb them.Another part of the problem is the assumption that greater educational attainment guarantees career advancement.In fact,employers do not routinely reward educational attainment; rather,they reward it only when they believe it will contribute to the employee's productivity.
We should not overlook the fact that there is still a strong relationship between education and occupation and income.College graduates have a strong advantage over those with less education.But the payoff is neither as large nor as certain as it once was.Unfortunately,Americans have focused so strong on the economic payoff that many consider their college education useless if it does not create a desirable,well-paying job.Only in this sense can we speak of an"oversupply"of college graduates.
We could argue that all or at least the majority of Americans would profit by some degree because higher education can enable the individual to think more deeply,explore more widely,and enjoy a greater range of experiences.

28.The underlined phrase"turning out"in Paragraph.2probably meansA.
A.bringing up          
B.putting out
C.bringing out       
 D.putting up
29.When do employers reward higher education?B
A.It offers better job opportunities.
B.It makes for higher productivity.
C.It guarantees career advancement.
D.It brings a definite advantage over others.
30.The passage mainly talks aboutC.
A.our expectations about education
B.the problem of public education today
C.the contradiction between education and economy
D.the connection between education and occupation
31.What's the writer's attitude towards higher education?D
A.Objective          
B.Indifferent
C.Disapproving        
D.Favorable.

分析 本文主要讲述了教育与收入的关系,教育与经济之间产生的矛盾.通过各种研究说明了这个矛盾背后的一些原因.最后作者阐明了自己对是否应该接受大学教育发表了自己的见解.

解答 28-31 ABCD
28.A  猜测词意题.根据第二段划线部分前后"it is not,as business leaders claim,that the school are failing to properly …"正如商业领导人说的,不是学校没有恰当地教育好学生,也不是学校培养的年轻人还没有为将来的工作做好准备…bring up"培养、抚养",put out"生产、扑灭",bring out"使…显现",put up"举起、张贴".故选A.
29.B  细节理解题.根据第三段"In fact,employers do not routinely reward educational attainment; rather,they reward it only when they believe it will contribute to the employee's productivity.可知,事实上,雇主不会总是对高学历给予特殊关照.相反,只有当雇主认为雇员所受的教育能帮助雇员提高生产力的时候,他们才会给予特别关照,增加薪水.即:它有利于更高的生产力.故选B. 
30.C 主旨大意题.由第一自然段可知,全文主要写的是教育和经济之间的矛盾,后面主要是阐述它存在的现象以及背后的原因.其他三个选项都不能概括全文主旨大意.故选C.
31.D 观点判断题.根据最后一自然段信息"…Americans would profit by some degree…enable the individual to think more deeply,explore more widely,and enjoy a greater range of experiences."可知,我们有理由认为,所有美国人或至少大部分美国人都能或 多或少从大学教育中获益,因为高等教育能使人更深入地思考,进行更广泛的探索,获得更 全面的体验.即:作者支持学生接受高等教育.故选D.A项"客观的",B项"漠不关心的",C项"不赞成的".

点评 高考中选用的科技文往往反映的是当今人类最先进的科技水平和最新的科研成果.我们阅读它的过程其实就是学习科学知识,掌握科技信息的过程.然后,理解文章,分析文章,以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识,对照时要特别注意范围大小、程度高低、数量多少、条件与结果、方法与目的、成就与问题、可能性与现实性.在细心对照基础上,经过一番分析、综合,然后就要根据题目要求对选项作出正确判断了,这些判断包括选项的表达是否符合原文的意思,对概念,文句的理解是否正确,对要点归纳是否全面等,从而排除错误选项,选择最合适的答案.

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10.Here are some of the world's most impressive subways(地铁).
The Tokyo
Metro and
Toei Lines
Features:The Tokyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyo's massive(庞大的) subway system carry almost 8 million people each day,making it the busiest system in the world.The system is famous for its oshiya---literally,"pusher"---who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close.And you think your commute(上下班路程) is hell.
The Moscow Metro
 
Features:The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world.The best of them were built during the Stalinist era and feature chandeliers(枝形吊灯),marble moldings and elaborate murals(精美的壁画).With more than 7 million riders a day,keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden.
The Hong
Kong Metro
 
Features:The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems in the world that act ually turns a profit.It's privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership.It also introduced"Octopus cards"that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically,but buy stuff at convenience stores,supermarkets,restaurants and even parking meters.It's estimated that 95% of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card.
Shanghai Metro
 
Features:Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system,and it has become the country's largest in the 12 years since it opened.Shanghai Metro has 142 miles of track and plans to add another 180 miles within five years.By that point,it would be three times larger than Chicago"L".The system carries about 2.18 million people a day.
The London
Metro
Features:Londoners call their subway the Underground,even though 55 percent of it lies above ground.No matter when you've got the oldest mass-transit system in the world,you can call it anything you like.Trains started in1863 and they've been running ever since.Some 3 million people ride each day,e very one of them remembering to"Mind the gap".
1.Which one can provide the riders some wonderful decorations at the stations?C
A.The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines      
B.The London Metro
C.The Moscow Metro               
D.The Hong Kong MTR
2.We can learn from the passage that Shanghai MetroD.
A.carries the most people each day   
B.is the world's largest
C.is the busiest in the world       
 D.may be larger than the Chicago"L"in the future
3.How many subways carry more than 5million people per day?A
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5.
7.Cutting trees in half can help scientists understand the past and now it appears it can be used to predict the future.Researchers have been looking at ring growth from trees to make sense of past weather patterns such as droughts and rain.
    Combining data from the rings allowed them to create a copy of pictures of climate changes over the past 2,000 years and this information could also be used to foresee future famine(饥荒),unrest and conflict.The project has been named Old World Drought Atlas,or OWDA.
     Its main author,Columbia biologist Edward Cook,has already carried out similar projects using trees to create chronological(按顺序排列的) maps of drought  in Asia and North-America.He believes that combining the three atlases could throw light on the global causes of drought and climate change.
     The study,for instance,gave special attention to the importance of one of such causes,the North Atlantic Oscillation(涛动),in affecting climate patterns in Europe,and specifically in making Europe wetter north of the Alps and drier south of them.
     The OWDA also helped analyse historical events from a climatic perspective.For  instance,the 1740-174l famine in Ireland had so far been explained by an unusually cold winter and spring,but the atlas shows that unusually low rainfall over the spring and summer of 1741 could also have played a role.Finally this made growing food nearly impossible and caused a continent-wide famine.
      A better grasp of these processes could even make it possible to predict future  famine,unrest and conflict.
      Cook said,64The Old World Drought Atlas fills a major geographic gap in the data that's important to determine patterns of climate changes in time.That's important for understanding causes of many droughts,and it's important for climate modelers to test hypotheses(偎说)  of climate forcing and change.
  
32.Why is ring growth useful in research?B
A.It's the best way to understand the past.
B.It could be used to predict the future.
C.It could be used to prevent the outbreak of droughts and rain.
D.It isn't mentioned in the passage.
33.People worldwide can read chronological maps of droughtA.
A.in Asia
B.in Africa
C.in Europe
D.in South America
34.What is the author's attitude toward the study of OWDA?C
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.Objective.
D.Conservative.
35.Why did the author of the passage mention what Cook said?B
A.To show he interviewed Cook himself.
B.To tell us the importance of OWDA.
C.To compare climate variability.
D.To analyse how to predict droughts.
14.MANY of us remember being in awe (敬畏) when we saw cloned dinosaurs (恐龙) running wild in the film Jurassic Park.And the idea of using technology to revive (恢复) extinct species has long fascinated not only writers and directors,but scientists as well.
According to The Telegraph,woolly mammoths (长毛猛犸象),which featured in the popular Ice Age animated movie series,"may walk the earth once more"now that scientists have taken another step toward realizing a long-held dream-recreating their DNA.?
Mammoths became extinct around 10,000 years ago.However,since the discovery of near-perfect preserved remains in Arctic permafrost (北极冻土带) in May 2013,a variety of research studies have been carried out since.
Geneticists from Harvard University analyzed DNA from the remains,looking for genes which separated mammoths from elephants,such as hairiness and ear size.They then used the results to reproduce exact copies of 14mammoth genes."It is the first time that mammoth genes have been alive-although so far it has only been done in the lab,"George Church,lead researcher of the project,told the Sunday Times.
Church then used a new technique which allows scientists to edit DNA carefully,replacing sections of elephant DNA with the mammoth genes.So"we now have functioning (正常运行的) elephant cells with mammoth DNA in them,"he said.
However,Church ruled out the possibility of bringing the mammoths back to life via cloning from frozen remains.He said he"preferred to focus on rebuilding the full mammoth genome by analyzing DNA from preserved remains and putting it into the cells of its closest living relative-the Asian elephant,"reported The Telegraph.?
Church argued that the return of the woolly mammoth-or rather,the return of something very similar-could help bring back fragile (脆弱的) ecosystems.However,some scientists believe that bringing back the mammoth would be unethical.
Professor Alex Greenwood,an expert on ancient DNA,said:"We may face the extinction of African and Asian elephants.Why bring back another elephant from extinction when we cannot even keep the ones that are not extinct around?"he told the Sunday Times."What is the message?We can be as irresponsible with the environment as we want.Then we'll just clone things back?"
"Money would be better spent focusing on conserving (保护) what we do have than spending it on an animal that has been extinct for thousands of years,"he said.

61.We can infer from the article thatC.
A.scientific studies on mammoths didn't begin until May 2013
B.the technology to revive mammoth genes is already mature
C.George Church and his colleagues tried to reproduce mammoth DNA
D.Church and his team managed to list all the genes that separate mammoths from elephants
62.According to Church,what is the significance of his study?C
A.It could help prevent the extinction of the Asian elephant.
B.It could help people better tell elephant DNA from mammoth genes.
C.It could help bring back some extinct species and save fragile ecosystems.
D.It could help bring mammoths back to life via cloning from frozen remains.
63.The underlined word"unethical"in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning toA.
A.wrong 
B.essential
C.impractical 
D.interesting
64.According to the article,Professor Alex Greenwood believes thatD.
A.there is no need to worry about the extinction of African and Asian elephants at present
B.it's necessary to bring back species that are beneficial to human beings from extinction
C.the return of the woolly mammoth would help to balance ecosystems
D.it's more important to protect present species than to bring back extinct ones.
4.完形填空
When I was strolling in the park one day,I passed some children selling hot chocolate.One girl asked,"Would you like to help support our park?It's only 50rents a cup."Of course,I couldn't help being extraordinarily (41)Bthat kids showed great interest in (42)Ctheir community.They were having great (43)Dpouring hoi chocolate and feeling proud that they were helping a local cause.It that they(44)Agrasped a basic idea about helping others:It feels (45)C.
Teaching our children to help others benefits them a great deal.(46)Bbrings them peace of mind.Serving those in need also helps children learn to make a(47)D-that they have the (48)Ato make a positive impact.This(49)Aa sense of control,helping them feel less frightened.It also reassures them that help would be(50)Cif they were ever in danger.
Another important(51)B is that we are all dependent on each other.When children serve others,they learn to(52)Csomeone else's greater need and to(53)Dother people.
There are many other(54)Bof making charity a part of your family's life.You'll meet new friends and develop relationships.Running a bake sale will give your kids a chance to practice(55)Csuch as fundraising,money management,and teamwork.Self-exploration and discovery will (56)C through their choice of activities.
If a child can become a cheerful,charitable giver,he or she must try different volunteer efforts.When you see them enjoying the (57)Bof them,encourage them to(58)A.
On my own experience,I can say developing the good(59)C of charitable giving will become(60)B to your best family memories and celebrations.
41.A.worriedB.impressedC.doubtfulD.grateful
42.A.organizingB.cleaningC.improvingD.controlling
43.A.difficultyB.successC.advantageD.fun
44.A.alreadyB.seldomC.neverD.often
45.A.boringB.strangeC.greatD.relaxing
46.A.TeachingB.GivingC.ThinkingD.Learning
47.A.choiceB.promiseC.mistakeD.difference
48.A.abilityB.rightC.freedomD.time
49.A.promotesB.reducesC.reflectsD.protects
50.A.impossibleB.flexibleC.availableD.reasonable
51.A.exampleB.lessonC.questionD.secret
52.A.take overB.search forC.relate toD.give up
53.A.believe inB.look forC.turn toD.care about
54.A.disadvantagesB.benefitsC.contributionsD.methods
55.A.activitiesB.movesC.skillsD.behaviors
56.A.stayB.missC.comeD.get
57.A.equalityB.fruitC.effectD.independence
58.A.continueB.explainC.observeD.communicate
59.A.aspectB.meaningC.habitD.way
60.A.hardB.centralC.obviousD.serious
11.Enjoy a museum visit with your class
Available Programs:
Art Tells a Story:By looking at the subject matter and by drawing from personal experiences,students can find the story in some works of art.( All grades)
Learning to Look:An interactive(互动的)tour that explores a variety of art using storytelling,movements,music,games,and other techniques helps introduce children to a museum.(Preschool~Grade 3)
Native American Collection:This program explores relationships that exist between art,culture,the geographic location and natural resources.Students will see a bowl made by Maria Martinez,a Towa storyteller,a Northwest coast mask,and Inuit clothing.( For Grades 2~5)
The Language of Art:Classes are welcomed into the museum to take part in an interactive tour of American Art.It gives participants a new set of vocabulary while helping them feel comfortable.
Art-on-the-Move:Teachers may borrow suitcases filled with art objects.Free organizations with Education Membership.
Planning Your Visit:
Booking:Booking is necessary for all tours and programs.Please book at least a week in advance.Teachers are encouraged to organize self-guided visits for their classes during public hours.
Tour Hours:Tours can be organized between 9:30 a.m.and 5:00 p.m.on weekdays.
Program Fees:Tours are free for those with Education Membership.There is a charge of 6perstudentofnon-memberorganizations.Tourwithartactivitiescost12 per student (non-members) or 10perstudent(members).Chaperones(保护人):Werequireoneadultchaperoneforevery10children.Chaperoneshelptomakeyourmuseumvisitasuccess.Achaperonemustpay5 admission.
Lunch:We regret that no lunch facilities are available at the museum.
Museum Rules:Don't touch works of art.Don't take photographs.
Ask questions.Look,and then LOOK again!
Enjoy!

21.If teachers want their students to learn about what a museum is,they will chooseB.
A.Art Tells a Story.
B.Learning to Look.
C.The Language of Art.
D.Native American Collection.
22.How much should the museum charge a class of 60 students with Education Membership for a tour with art?B
A.$600.
B.$630.     
C.$720.
D.$750.
23.What do teachers need to do before leading their classes to the museum?A
A.To make bookings ahead of time.
B.To try to get Education Membership.
C.To learn about the history of the museum.
D.To ask for the permission of self-guided visits.
24.In which section of the newspaper does the passage most probably appear?D
A.Health.
B.News.
C.Culture.
D.Advertisement.
2.When I was growing up,I didn't remember hearing the words"I love you"from my father.When your father (21)C says these words to you when you are a(n) (22)A,it gets harder and harder for him to say these words as he gets (23)C.To tell the truth,I could not honestly remember (24)B I had last said those words to him either.I decided to (25)D  my ego (自尊心) aside and make the first move.After (26)C,in our next phone conversation I blurted out(突然说出) the words,"Dad…I love you!"
There was a (27)D at the other end and he awkwardly (笨拙地) replied,"Well,same back to you!"
I smiled and said,"Dad,I know you (28)A me,and when you are ready,I know you(29)A say what you want to say."
Fifteen minutes later,my (30)Bcalled and nervously asked,"Paul,(31)C is okay?I explained to her perfectly.
A few weeks later,Dad (32)A our phone conversation with the words,"Paul,I love you."I was at work during this (33)D and the tears were rolling down my cheeks as I finally"(34)B"the love.As I sat there in tears,I(35)A that this special moment had taken our father-son (36)D to a new level.
A short while after this (37)C moment,my father narrowly (38)B from the following heart operation.I have often thought (39)C I did not take the first step and Dad did not
(40)A the operation,I would have never"heard"the love.

21.A.seldomB.onceC.neverD.often
22.A.childB.studentC.adultD.parent
23.A.youngerB.tallerC.olderD.shorter
24.A.howB.whenC.whyD.where
25.A.getB.letC.pushD.set
26.A.callingB.discussingC.consideringD.talking
27.A.cryB.coughC.laughterD.silence
28.A.loveB.hateC.missD.forget
29.A.willB.canC.shouldD.must
30.A.fatherB.motherC.daughterD.sister
31.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing
32.A.concludedB.carriedC.startedD.ignored
33.A.weekB.holidayC.tripD.conversation
34.A.touchedB.heardC.receivedD.felt
35.A.realizedB.noticedC.foundD.saw
36.A.feelingB.distanceC.connectionD.relationship
37.A.unbelievableB.interestingC.specialD.important
38.A.avoidedB.escapedC.acceptedD.refused
39.A.sinceB.asC.ifD.because
40.A.surviveB.liveC.operateD.recover

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