题目内容
12.Learning to read and write is a complex process,which can be disrupted in various ways,leading to disorders known as dyslexia and dysgraphia(读写障碍).Two new studies,published in a recent special issue of Elsevier's Cortex provide evidence of this variety,suggesting that effective treatment needs to take it into account.A group of researchers from the Universities of Bari and Rome in Italy studied the reading and writing abilities of 33Italian dyslexic children,comparing their performance with that of children with normal reading ability.Italian is an"orthographically transparent"language,meaning that letters tend to correspond to the same sounds,whereas many letters in the English alphabet change their sound from word to word (like the"c"in car and city).However,the new study showed that even in Italian,in which it is relatively straightforward to convert sounds into letters,children still have difficulty in spelling.Younger children with dyslexia generally performed worse than proficient readers; however,the older ones showed a more selective impairment when spelling words,suggesting that knowledge of vocabulary may be more important in spelling than previously thought.
The other study,from Tel Aviv University,Israel,provided the first systematic description of a type of reading disorder called"attentional dyslexia"in which children identify letters correctly,but the letters jump between words on the page,e.g.,"kind wing"is read as"wind king".Teachers and neuron-psychologists often notice that children substitute letters when reading,but in this type of dyslexia the substitutions are not caused by inability to identify letters or convert them into sounds; they result from migrations of letters between words.The findings showed that letters would mostly migrate to the same position in another word,so the first letter of one word would switch places with the first letter of another word.Awareness to the existence of this type of dyslexia is important,because it suggests a straightforward way to assist these children in reading--by presenting a?single word at a time,e.g.,with the help of a word-sized window cut in a piece of cardboard.
58.We know from the first new study thatB.
A.Italian is easier to learn in comparison with English
B.knowledge of vocabulary has a close link with spelling
C.in Italian each letter has only one correspondent sound
D.children with normal reading ability have no trouble in converting letters into sounds
59.As is inferred from the passage,C.
A.many people cannot distinguish learning to read and learning to write
B.converting letters into sounds is more difficult than the other way round
C.younger children usually have a poorer knowledge of vocabulary
D.in the past not enough attention is paid to knowledge of vocabulary
60.In"attentional dyslexia",childrenD.
A.do not pay enough attention to the meaning of each word
B.are not capable of telling letters apart
C.can not change letters into sounds accordingly
D.tend to transfer the first letter from one word to another.
分析 短文主要介绍了意大利研究者对孩子的读写方面进行的两项新的研究.
解答 58.B,细节理解题,根据句子however,the older ones showed a more selective impairment when spelling words,suggesting that knowledge of vocabulary may be more important in spelling than previously thought.可知,第一个新的研究表明词汇知识跟拼写有很紧密的联系,故答案为B.
59.C,细节理解题,根据句子Younger children with dyslexia generally performed worse than proficient readers可知,年轻一点的孩子在词汇知识方面比较缺乏,故答案为C.
60.D,细节理解题,根据句子provided the first systematic description of a type of reading disorder called"attentional dyslexia"in which children identify letters correctly,but the letters jump between words on the page,e.g.,"kind wing"is read as"wind king".可知,注意力阅读障碍的孩子会把单词的第一个字母跟另一个单词的第一个字母转换了,故答案为D.
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题,首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意.因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料.其次,细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性.对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准.
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