题目内容

【题目】任务型阅读

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you, trying to get your attention? It’s possible that you were so distracted that you didn’t notice someone approaching you. But it’s also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.

Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious. In cases of change blindness, the person isn’t failing to notice small or insignificant changes, but will probably miss big changes, like someone standing next to them waving their hand.

Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures. For example, a person might be shown a photograph of a street scene in Egypt and told to memorize the image. Following that, they would be shown the same picture with certain elements added or taken away and asked to identify what’s different. Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.

In the 1990s, researcher Daniel Simons conducted a fascinating study into change blindness that many people find unbelievable. In Simons’ study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself. When the experiment was over, Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.

It’s important to note that the change in Simons’ video wasn’t subtle; the gorilla is very obviously taking up much of the frame. Simons concluded that participants were experiencing inattentional blindness, which is when a person fails to notice a major change because they are so focused on another task. In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video.

In the case of Simons’ study, participants engaged what’s referred to as attentional selection, which is when a person selects certain things to focus on in order to achieve a task and filters out anything that is unrelated to the objective.

There are a number of theories about what causes a person’s inability to recognize obvious changes in their environment, but most agree that the phenomenon is related to sensory processing. Broadly speaking, our brains have a limited capacity to detect and process everything in our environment. Instead, what the brain does is to choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.

In simple terms, change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention. In the case of the gorilla and the basketball, people focused their attention almost exclusively on one thing, which caused them to miss other elements or changes. Given that attention is often at the root of change blindness, a person’s age or mental and physical health can influence how well they will notice changes in stimuli.

Change Blindness

【1】 of change blindness

Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 2 .

Experiments with change blindness

The main 3 of early experiments was memory and perception.

Individuals were found to be4 at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them.

Research in the 1990s

In Simons’ study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 5 basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene.

Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” 6 their notice.

It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 7 .

8 of change blindness

The brain makes 9 about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity.

Although attention is closely【10 to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role.

【答案】

【1】Definition/Concept

【2】unnoticed

【3】focus

【4】poor

【5】moving

【6】escaped

【7】priority

【8】Causes

【9】choices

【10】related/linked

【解析】

题分析:文章给我们介绍了Change blindness这一现象的定义、相关的实验及实验结果、出现这种现象的原因。

【1】Definition/Concept考查名词。根据后面内容可知是Change blindness的定义或概念 Definition定义,Concept概念 故填Definition/Concept。

【2】unnoticed 考查形容词。根据第二段中的定义Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious.中的unable to notice可知此处与之对应,故填unnoticed。

【3】focus考查名词。根据第三段Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures.可知最早实验的焦点是记忆和知觉,故填focus。

【4】poor考查形容词。根据第三段Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.可知个体不能辨认那些小的变化,在此方面不擅长,故填poor

【5】 moving考查形容词。根据第四段he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people可知实验时让参加者们看互相传的篮球视频,由此可知是运动的篮球,故填moving。

【6】escaped 考查动词。根据第四段Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.可知人们太专注于篮球了却没注意从相机前跳过的穿着大猩猩服装的人。此处指逃离他们的视线,根据failed to noticeescaped

【7】priority考查名词。根据第五段In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video. 可知为了正确地完成任务,他们的大脑优先注意这个任务。此处指优先首选,根据prioritized故填priority

【8】Causes 考查名词。根据后面表格内容可知在讲这种现象的原因,原因有两点用复数形式,故填 Causes

【9】choices 考查名词。根据倒数第二段Instead, what the brain does is to choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.可知大脑会选择某些事情去加工、评价和储存。此处指做出选择,根据choosechoices

【10】related/linked考查非谓语动词。根据最后一段change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention.中的has a great deal to do with可知是有关,相关之意,故填related/linked。

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【题目】“Wake up. Alicia is waiting for you outside,” my mother called from the kitchen. My mother didn’t like me going for this weekend to my friend’s house in the mountains. “I trust you, but I don’t trust the people out there,” she said seriously. “I’m going to be fine,” were my last words before closing the door of the Jeep. The vehicle went along the dusty road and my mother grew smaller in the distance.

The trip over the rough road was uncomfortable. It was scary to climb the steep hills surrounded by great pines. After a long trip we finally arrived at the house. From the moment I got there I knew I would forever love the house. It was decorated like an old country home. My room was small, yet set up nicely. That night I went to sleep early, not because I didn’t want to continue my search, but because I was tired after the long trip.

In the morning, the singing of the birds woke me up. The light was just getting through the window. A strong smell of baking and fresh coffee came from the kitchen. I wandered around looking for a living soul, but the house was empty. I had the whole day to myself; my friend had gone hiking. I didn’t want to go with her. The main reason for this trip was to spend some time alone to think about the events happening in my life.

After an icy shower, my energies were at their fullest. With basket in hand, I started my hunt. I did not mind walking alone; it was a wonderful feeling to be in contact with nature for the first time. The sound of the water running through the rocks gave me great peace. I never felt such independence in my soul before.

1】 According to the first paragraph, we can know that________.

A. the author took a cold attitude towards her mother

B. the author had an argument with her mother

C. the author preferred to live in the mountains

D. the author’s mother was worried about her safety

2】How did the author find the trip to her friend’s house?

A. Interesting and impressive.

B. Interesting and comfortable.

C. Easy and exciting.

D. Rough but very exciting.

3】The purpose of the trip for the author is to________.

A. enjoy the quiet and beautiful nature

B. continue her search for special things

C. give herself a chance to think alone

D. go hiking in the mountains with her friend

4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Her close friend.

B. The peaceful life.

C. A favorite trip.

D. The distant village.

【题目】阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station, you don't need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob(暴民). Who are they? Are they mobs? Don't be confused by their name. Actually, a flash mob is a group of people who gather suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a brief period of time, and then quickly disappear.

They are usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks. The messages may be sent to friends, who send to more people. At a predetermined time, they gather and perform some activities such as exchanging books, coming together to look at the sky, waving their hands and yelling something at the top of their voice for 30 seconds. Then, they quickly disappear before the police can arrive. Using mobile phones, the flash mob can change its place if the first one has been cancelled for any reason.

Bill Wasik, senior editor of Harper's Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob gathered on June 3, 2003. Wasik claimed that he created the flash mob as a social experiment designed to laugh at fashion seekers and stress the cultural atmosphere of wanting to be an insider or part of “the next big thing”.

Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people. Such an activity might seem amusing and magical, but it also might frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. Undoubtedly, flash mob can serve as good political tools and have great potential, such as using flash mob to advertise a product.

The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular. People use it to do many things. For example, in 2009, Michael Jackson’s fans took part in a flash mob to remember him. Hundreds of his fans gathered singing and dancing Michael’s famous song “Beat It” together. Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.

【1】What is NOT the feature of the flash mob?

A. It can get together quickly.

B. It can change its place freely.

C. It can do activities suddenly.

D. It can injure people seriously.

【2】How do flash mobs inform one another?

①By using the Internet.

②By writing letters.

③By yelling.

④By waving hands.

⑤By using mobile phones.

⑥By holding a meeting.

A. ③④ B. ①⑤ C. ②⑥ D. ⑤⑥

【3】Why did Bill Wasik create the flash mob?

A. To advertise some products.

B. To help people make friends.

C. To laugh at fashion seekers.

D. To create some memories.

【4】What can we learn about the flash mob from the passage?

A. Bill Wasik organized the first successful flash mob in May, 2003.

B. People are encouraged to take a more active part in an activity.

C. Flash mobs tend to do something illegal for a short time.

D. Flash mob gathering can frighten all the people present.

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

When your pet is sick, you know it needs medication. But pets, like babies, don't know the pill you want them to take will help them. 【1】 Here are some tips to help get your pet to take liquid medicine.

2 If the answer is yes, then your easiest path is to mix it with canned food. First give your hungry pet a small amount of canned food without the medication. It's important that the pet nibbles (一点一点地吃) at the food and sees that there's nothing wrong.

Next, while the pet is still hungry, mix the medication in a small amount of food and present it. Repeat as necessary to get the entire dose (剂量)down.3 If the pet decides not to finish the meal, the dose will be wasted.

If the chemist says the medication cannot be taken with food, you need a syringe (注射器) or a dropper (滴管) to get the liquid down your pet's throat.

4 Keep a cheerful tone in your voice so the pet doesn't sense your stress or hesitation. Position your pet where it cannot run away, perhaps having a dog sit with his back against a wall or chair ---- or a cat on your lap.

5 Use your other hand to insert the syringe or dropper between the cheek and back teeth. Slowly squeeze the medication so the pet won't choke. Try to keep your pet's mouth closed for about 30 seconds until you see it has swallowed. If your pet is being obstinate (倔强的) , span>stroke (抚摸) its throat gently or blow on the face.

Be sure you end the process with praise and perhaps a treat so your pet will not associate medication with a bad experience.

A. Before you call your pet in, be sure to have the medication and any other materials you’ll need ready.

B. Once the pet is in position, use one hand to gently open the pet's mouth from above, tilting(倾斜) back the head slightly.

C. Ask the vet(兽医) if the liquid medication can be given with food.

D. You should know the reason why the pet refuses to take medicine.

E. Never mix the medication with the full meal.

F. They just know it smells funny and they don't want it.

G. Don’t force your pet to swallow all the medicine

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