题目内容
18.Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient's body in order to gain access to the internal organs.It was once common for heart surgeons,who perform highly specialized and complex procedures,to make long incisions in a patient's chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart.Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection,as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin.In addition,there is often a lengthy recovery period.A surgical technique known as"keyhole surgery"has become more common in recent years.In general,the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed.Tubes are pushed into the holes,and a tiny camera,which is called an endoscope,is put into the body.The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation.In addition to the camera,doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes.The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say,if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left,he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room).A new machine called the"da Vinci Surgical System"has been tested in hospitals in the U.S..Unlike keyhole surgery,the da Vinci's robot's moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon,thus providing better control and sensitivity.The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台).Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient,the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments.The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen,which is attached to the console.This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area-similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures,it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons.Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery,but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed.In some cases,the patient's stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used.On the downside,some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology.As surgeons become more familiar with the machines,the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.
72.What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?B
A.The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.
B.It often leaves a large wound in a person's body.
C.Long incisions are made in a patient's chest.
D.The incision is often infected after the operation.
73.Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?C
A.It requires the use of long,thin tools and a tiny camera.
B.The doctor can not view the inside of the patient's body clearly.
C.The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.
D.An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient's body in advance.
74.The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in thatC.
A.requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient
B.reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure
C.allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively
D.eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients
75.The passage mainly tells the readerD.
A.the challenges brought about by new technology
B.the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System
C.the reflections on the development in medical science
D.the application of new technologies in modern surgery.
分析 传统外科手术需要外科医生在患者身体上开刀划开一个很大的伤口以接近其内脏器官.对操作上有专业和复杂步骤的心脏手术而言,过去的普遍情况是要在患者的胸部划开很长的伤口然后分裂胸骨以到达心脏所处的位置.作这个手术的患者经常要冒着感染的风险,以为细菌会感染皮肤上的切口.除此之外,手术的恢复期也很长.
近年来,一项被称为"锁眼切口手术"的外科手术技术变得更加普遍.总体而言,这种手术将在手术所要实施的区域周围划开几个小伤口.手术软管被推进这些伤口的小孔中,并且一个叫做内窥镜的微型摄像头被置于体内.这个摄像头和一个在放置好的大型操控屏幕连接,这样医生就可以在实施手术时了解摄像头的位置.
今天其他技术领域的进步成果也在手术中得到应用.一个被称作达芬奇手术系统的新机器在美国的医院中已经得到试验.不同于锁眼切口手术,达芬奇手术系统的机器人运动部件被设计出来以模仿手术中的自然人的手部和腕部动作,因此就为手术提供了更优质的控制性和敏感性.这个系统由来自控制台的外科医生控制.坐在距离患者只有几英尺的控制台前,外科医生能够通过控制并移动高度敏感的、使他能操控手术工具的操作板来实施手术.
尽管达芬奇手术系统正在接受一些程序方法上的试验修改,它已经被外科医生认为是具有革命性的成果受到欢迎.患有严重疾病的患者仍然必须承受大手术,但更小的伤口和伤口扩散性不强的手术通常意味着所需的手术恢复期更短了.在一些病例中,当采用达芬奇手术系统时患者在医院的停留时间已经削减了一半.不利的一面在于一些手术比以往多花了五十分钟因为一些外科医生在使用新技术方面还缺少经验.随着外科医生熟悉这些机器,手术时间可能会有所减少
解答 72-75 BCCD
72.B 细节理解题 根据第一段第一句Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient's body in order to gain access to the internal organs,可知,传统外科手术需要外科医生在患者身体上开刀划开一个很大的伤口,故答案为B
73.C 细节理解题 第二段The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say,if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left,he or she must push it to the right.可知,这种手术的缺点是医生进行手术时手术器具运行方向是相反的,故答案为C
74.C 细节理解题 根据Unlike keyhole surgery,the da Vinci's robot's moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon,thus providing better control and sensitivity.可知,达芬奇手术系统提供了更优质的控制性和敏感性.故答案为C
75.D 主旨大意题 通读全文可知,本文主要谈论了现代外科手术方面一项新技术的运用,故答案为D
点评 本题主要考查学生对文章的细节理解能力,该题型主要测试学生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力,分直接辨认和间接辨认两种.直接辨认细节型一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息,然后能快速地将他们回忆出来;而间接辨认型不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,还要将获得的信息进行各种转换,为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义.

A.Choose your staff carefully. B.Assemble a team starting with a teacher. C.Decide ideas and titles for articles. D.A great idea--starting a school newspaper. E.Make a schedule for the staff. F.Think about what's appropriate. |
Do you want to start a school newspaper?If you do,then this is the article for you.Starting a school newspaper can be a great learning experience and is a respectable thing to put on a resume(简历) in the future as it shows your interviewer your leadership skills and that could very well help land you the dream job for your future.Being part of the school newspaper will give you a good idea on other people you barely know and also it will give you a chance to learn what goes on in the school.
77.B
This is essential for the success of the newspaper.A teacher brings something very important to the party,and that is authority.A teacher is there primarily to help make sure that everyone gets their articles in on time.With a teacher,staff simply feel an obligation to get their articles in.This really makes your job a lot easier.A teacher not only sees to it that articles are handed in on time,with a teacher around,staff will quit over 80% less.
78.F
Use your common sense for what's suitable for a middle school newspaper.Don't print anything hinting on weapons,violence,drugs,or basically anything that's illegal or not fit for middle school.
79.C
Because most school newspapers have 12articles,brainstorm 12.Some ideas are:games,colouring contest,short story,advice,random facts,sports,poetry or fashion.Once you have these articles planned out,open a word document and come up with cool titles and layout for your newspaper.You can copy a few things from the internet,but if it has a copyright,make sure to say where you got them from.
80.E
Recommend to your staff that once they hand in their first article,get a head start on their next article because life consists of all things,e.g.sickness,vacation,family affairs etc.Also tell them to let you know if they can't get one article in so you can cover for them.Print off the schedule and give it to all your staff members.
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46.Terminal examination is coming near and Lowes,a university student,is busy preparing for it.Unfortunately,his baseball shoes are worn out.He'd like to get a pair of shoes,which is comfortable and not that expensive on the net.D
47.Tony's birthday is coming.His girl friend is going to get him a pair of basketball shoes as a gift,which is made of thinner material and less heavy.C
48.Jogging is one of Emmy's hobbies.Every afternoon after work she spends half an hour jogging along the seaside to keep fit.She wants to buy a pair of shoes which is ultra-cushioned.E
49.Simon,who works in a big company,has decided to go hiking with his friends for a holiday.He'd like to get a pair of casual athletic shoes which is of a traditional style.B
50.Baseball is very popular in the USA.Even women have their own baseball club.Rachel is the captain of a part-time baseball team.There will be a game next weekend.So she would like to buy a kind of baseball shoes designed for the professional athletes for all her teammates.A.