题目内容

(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is your skin that keeps your insides from falling out. It helps you warm up when you are cold, and it can cool you off when you are hot. It lets you feel things by touch.
Like the heart, stomach and brain, your skin is an organ. In fact, it is the largest organ in your body. But it is still easy to take skin for granted.  1  But skin has an important job to do.
Your skin is constantly protecting you.   2  When you take care of your skin, you are helping your skin do its job. And taking care of your skin today will help prevent future problems, like wrinkles(皱纹) and even skin cancer.
3   Keeping your hands clean all the time is especially important because they can spread germs(细菌) to the skin on other parts of your body.
4   Cold or hot water may hurt your skin. Wet your hands, then lather up with a mild  soap (香皂). You should rub everywhere, including the palms, the wrists and the nails. Wash them well, dry thoroughly with a clean towel and you’re done.
You'll also want to use warm water when you take a bath. Use soap to clean your body. Don't forget under your arms and behind your ears! Your face needs attention, especially as you enter puberty(青春期) and the skin on your face gets more oily.  5 
A.One simple way to take care of your skin is to keep it clean.
B.It is a good habit to wash your hands before and after meals.
C.When washing your hands, use water that’s comfortably warm.
D.It keeps infections out of your body and keeps you from getting sick.
E.     Unless there’s a problem, your may not think about your skin very much.
F.     Your skin plays a more important role in keeping you healthy during your puberty.
G.    It’s a good idea to wash your face once or twice daily with warm water and a mild soap.

小题1:E
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:G

试题分析:本文说明了压力对人的健康有害并且可能导致自杀,作者针对如何减压这一问题给出了一些建议。
小题1:根据But skin has an important job to do,故选E。
小题2:根据Your skin is constantly protecting you. 故选D。
小题3:根据Keeping your hands clean all the time is especially important because they can spread germs(细菌) to the skin on other parts of your body.故选A。
小题4:根据Cold or hot water may hurt your skin.故选C。
小题5:根据You'll also want to use warm water when you take a bath. Use soap to clean your body. Don't forget under your arms and behind your ears! Your face needs attention, especially as you enter puberty(青春期) and the skin on your face gets more oily.故选G。
点评:在答题中,应首先略读一下对话,了解一下对话的大致意思,然后把几个选项含义理解透,尤其注意意思相近,表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文,把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置,反复阅读,反复体会,找出最佳选项,对于实在没有把握的小题可以留待最后完成。完成短文后,再认真通读一遍全文,看看上下语意是否通顺,是否符合逻辑关系。
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World Health Day is celebrated on 7 April to mark the anniversary of the founding of WHO in 1948. Each year a theme is selected for World Health Day that highlights a priority area of public health concern in the world. 
The theme for 2013 is high blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes(中风). If left uncontrolled, high blood pressure can also cause blindness, irregularities of the heartbeat and heart failure. The risk of developing these complications is higher in the presence of other risk factors such as diabetes(糖尿病). One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure and this increases with age, from 1 in 10 people in their 20s and 30s to 5 in 10 people in their 50s. High blood pressure is most common in some low-income countries in Africa, with over 40% of adults in many African countries thought to be affected.
However, high blood pressure is both preventable and treatable. In some developed countries, prevention and treatment of it has brought about a reduction in deaths from heart disease. The risk of developing high blood pressure can be reduced by: reducing salt intake; eating a balanced diet; avoiding harmful use of alcohol; taking regular physical activity; keeping a healthy body weight; and avoiding tobacco use.
The final and most important goal of World Health Day 2013 is to reduce heart attacks and strokes, which includes as follows:
1.to raise awareness of the causes and consequences of high blood pressure;
2.to provide information on how to prevent high blood pressure
3.to encourage adults to check their blood pressure and to follow the advice of health-care professionals.
小题1:High blood pressure can cause medical problems like_____.
A.heart diseases, strokes and blindnessB.strokes, heart failure and diabetes
C.heart attacks, blindness and diabetesD.heart troubles,strokes and cancers
小题2:Who are most likely to be affected by high blood pressure?
A.Those who are in their 20sB.Those who are in their 30s
C.Those who are in their 40sD.Those who are in their 50s
小题3:Which of the following can NOT reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure?
A.Less salt intakeB.Putting on weightC.Regular exerciseD.No smoking
小题4:The text is mainly about______.
A.the theme for World Health Day 2013 B.the causes of high blood pressure
C.the treatment of heart attacks and strokesD.how to reduce the risk of high blood pressure
Ever tried taking smart drugs to perform better in exams? They certainly work. Before last summer's exam, a few of my mates, merely out of curiosity, took a considerable amount of Modafinil, a drug normally used for narcolepsy(嗜眠发作症). Guess what? While I was feeling sleepy, bored by revision, my mates were more focused.
Modafinil is a smart drug that gives a user a feeling of staying awake for hours. It also sharpens the mind, improves memory and helps problem-solving.
But it does more than just keeping you awake. It disturbs your mental system, making you desperate to do what you are doing. You just don't want to do anything else but revise all the time non-stop.
A recent study discovers that healthy people use smart drugs, like Modafinil, to get down to and complete tasks they have been putting off, because these tasks seem more enjoyable when taking these drugs. This might sound like what a stressed student desires. However, the pills have a range of side-effects.
"At present no evidence shows that these drugs are safe in healthy people," as a medical expert puts it, "Ordering online, though easy, is a dangerous way to obtain drugs. You never know what you're actually purchasing. "
In my experience, Modafinil changes people's behaviour too. Over those weeks my friends became different people—in turn aggressive, cold. Even eating became "a waste of time" and so did conversation.
A BBC survey found that of those who had tried smart drugs before, 92% would do so again. My friends say they'd happily do so without considering the practice a form of cheating.
I admit I was curious—but not enough to try it. Seeing the strange behaviour of other users, I feel a little bit upset and scary. Modafinil may promise to change your grades, but it might also change the way you act. Don't say you haven't been warned!
小题1:According to the author, his mates took Modafinil for the purpose of______.
A.escaping from realityB.getting better exam results
C.curing their narcolepsyD.leading an active life
小题2:Taking the smart drug can lead to ______.
A.cheating in the examB.dropping out of school
C.youth crime(犯罪)D.drug addiction(上瘾)
小题3:What does the author think of his mates' taking the smart drugs?
A.Worrying.B.Inspiring.
C.Acceptable.D.Reasonable.
小题4:Which statement about Modafinil is wrong?
A.Modafinil sharpens the mind and helps problem-solving.
B.Modafinil more than just keeps you awake.
C.Modafinil has a range of side effects.
D.Modafinil is safe in healthy people.
小题5:Who are the target readers of this passage?
A.Teachers.B.Doctors.C.Scientists.D.Students.
Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased by nearly 900 percent. Besides this fact, obesity has risen by 214 percent and nearly two out of every three adults in America are overweight or obese. Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.
With so much nutritional knowledge easy to find, we cannot simply ignore our present obesity epidemic(流行病). We know that fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin. Though we are overweight, many of us choose junk food over healthy food out of habits. One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination. Fortunately, new research published in May 2012 has shown a simple and accessible way to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.
The research was based on two separate studies and it was carried out by T. Bettina Cornwell of the University of Oregon and Anna R. McAlister of Michigan State University. In the first study, 60 adults between the ages of 19 and 23 were questioned about the role of food and drinks. The survey tells us that adults prefer sweetened drinks with high-calorie, salty foods, to sweetened drinks with vegetables.
In the second study, 75 children between the ages of 3 and 5 were gathered for some experiments including drinks served with vegetables. The preschooler experiments were carried out under different situations and on different days. The researchers found that the children chose to take more green vegetables when they were served with water instead of a sweetened drink.
According to Cornwell, children learn to connect high calorie, sugary drinks such as cola, with high fat foods such as French fries, from a very early age. McAlister adds that early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. Meals served at home and meals offered at restaurants, set the stage for this idea and for the preference to choose junk food over healthy food, when beginning to take sweetened drinks.
“Our taste preferences are heavily influenced by regularly eating particular food and drinking particular drink,” states Cornwell. “If the drink on the table goes against both adults and children eating their vegetables, then perhaps it is time to change that drink… and to serve water with all meals. Restaurants could easily use water as free drink for children’s meals and charge extra money for other drinks.” Both McAlister and Cornwell are confident that serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.
小题1:What may cause the risk of diseases according to the text?
A.Over nutrition.B.Obesity.C.Unbalance diets.D.Junk food.
小题2:What makes many of us choose junk food according to the author?
A.Positive feelings about food.B.High calorie of junk food.
C.Nice taste.D.Eating habits.
小题3:The underlined word “accessible” in Paragraph 2 means”_________”.
A.quickB.usefulC.easy to changeD.easy to get
小题4:From Paragraph5, we know that __________.
A.children may like sugary and high-calorie drinks even from an early age
B.early preference for food and drink may influence food choices later in life
C.easy preference for drinks should not be allowed in most of the restaurants
D.restaurants should provide the same food and drink as those at home
小题5:Which would be the best title for this text?
A.Stop children drinking sugary drinks
B.Drink water to eat more healthy
C.Change eating habits to lose weight
D.Eat healthy food at home
Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. 
The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes(中风) are examples of such diseases. 
Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and life today. 
Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animals. They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables, and fruits. They did not use milk and other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of dairy products and grain foods. We eat six times more salt than stone-age people. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C. 
People today probably do not want to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods. 
小题1:The people in industrial nations would be much healthier if they ate ______. 
A.more foods as humans living 10,000 years ago did
B.as humans living 10,000 years ago ate
C.more kinds of food eaten by people living over 10,000 years ago
D.more of the same kinds of foods eaten by people over 10,000 years ago
小题2:New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ______
A.the human body has changed compared with human first appearing on earth
B.the way we live has changed a little
C.our body can’t deal with the changes in life style
D.the way we live today are improper for the human body
小题3:What is the main cause mentioned in the article why people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?
A.Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise.
B.People today have a lot of alcohol.
C.People today have more tobacco.
D.Food is quite different between life today and life in ancient times.
Eating foods high in trans-fats(fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced cakes and fast food...) and saturated (饱和的) fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease. Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, can fight against the risk of mental illness.
Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.
“Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,” the head study author said. “The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.”
The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oil, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression.
The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fats—making up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the volunteers. “Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,” said researcher Miguel Martinez. “On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy derived from these fats is around 2.5 percent.”
The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, “to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.”
小题1:What's the best title of the text?
A.Junk Food and DepressionB.Depression Prevention
C.Types of Fats and DepressionD.Depression Research
小题2:Which of the following increases the risk of suffering depression?
A.Fish. B.Vegetable oil.C.Olive oil.D.Butter.
小题3:The study tells us that         .
A.2.5% Americans suffer mental illness
B.l2,000 volunteers in Navarra took part
C.a minority of participants became new sufferers
D.l50 million Europeans enjoy a healthier lifestyle
小题4:The underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to         .
A.obtained B.chosenC.separatedD.preserved
小题5:More and more Westerners are suffering depression because         .
A.they have less time for exercise
B.they eat more nuts, vegetable oils and fish
C.the sources of fats in their diets have changed
D.less meat, butter, and cakes are included in their diets
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently announced trends in fruit and vegetable consumption(食用) among adults. Since 2000, the CDC has made efforts with goals of getting 75% of Americans to eat two or more servings of fruit a day and 50% of Americans to eat three or more servings of vegetables a day. Unfortunately, Americans aren’t meeting these modest targets.
Although a diet high in fruit and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases, Americans just aren’t getting enough. In fact, since 2000, the amount of vegetables Americans are eating has stayed the same and the amount of fruit Americans are eating has gone down. The CDC also finds that only about a third of adults are eating their expected servings of fruit, and just over a quarter of adults are eating their expected servings of vegetables.
So why aren’t Americans getting their expected servings of fruit and vegetables? It turns out that Americans might be spoiled when it comes to their produce. A national survey conducted by Fruit2day reveals that nearly half of Americans leave fruit in their fridges until it rots with people in Boston among the worst and those in New York and Los Angeles among the best. Sadly, most Americans admit to leaving fruit in the fridge for more than a week.
There are many reasons why Americans don’t eat their fruit or vegetables, including the inconvenience of having to wash or peel it. Fruit2day offers consumers a surprising and convenient way to enjoy the goodness of fruit.
“With no added sugar, natural juices and two full servings of fruit, our Fruit2day line has really captured the imaginations of health-conscious consumers who are actively looking to get more fruit in their diets,” said Hanno Holm, president and chief executive officer of Hero-White Wave. “Fruit2day makes getting more fruit in one’s diet easier for any daily snack routine.”
小题1:For 4 million American adults, how many of them are eating two or more servings of fruit a day?
A.About 1.3 million.B.About 2 million.C.About 3 million.D.About 1 million.
小题2:We can learn from the first two paragraphs that __________ .
A.Americans have been eating fewer vegetables since 2000.
B.most Americans eat less fruit to reduce the risk of diseases.
C.most Americans prefer fruit to vegetables.
D.over 25% of adults are eating three or more daily servings of vegetables.
小题3:In which city are people most likely to leave fruit in their fridge?
A.In Boston.B.In New York.C.In Los Angeles.D.Not mentioned.
小题4:With the help of Fruit2day, Americans can __________ .
A.easily get rid of their bad eating habits
B.conveniently have more fruit in their diets
C.add sugar and natural juices to their diets
D.find another excuse for not eating healthily
小题5:Americans don’t eat their fruit or vegetables because __________ .
A.they are relatively forgetful
B.they are too busy with their work
C.they don’t think it convenient to eat them
D.they prefer daily snacks with added sugar
Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “what we think happens is when students put it down on paper , they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it’s not as had as they might think it was before and, in essence(本质上), it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 
小题1:What may happen if students have the problem of test anxiety?
A.Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree.
B.Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried.
C.Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried
D.Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test.
小题2:Which of the following if TRUE?
A.In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better.
B.In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse.
C.Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not in the tests.
D.The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test.
小题3:What does the underlined phrase “popping up” mean?
A.Giving outB.Fading awayC.Becoming clearly D.Appearing suddenly
小题4:what is most probably Sian Beilock?
A.A psychology professor.B.A philosophy researcher.
C.A politics professor D.A tutor
小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.It is a common practice for students being worried before a test.
B.Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance.
C.Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears.
D.It is important for students to overcome test anxiety.
Mark Ramirez, a senior executive at AOL, could work in the comfortable leather chair, if he wanted. No, thanks. He prefers to stand most of the day at a desk raised above stomach level.
“I’ve got my knees bent. I feel totally alive,” he said. “It feels more natural to stand.”
In the past few years, standing has become the new sitting for 10 percent of AOL employees at the firm’s Virginia branch. Part of a standing popularity is among accountants, programmers, telemarketers and other office workers across the nation.
GeekDesk, a California firm that sells desks raised by electric motors, says sales will triple this year.
Standers give various reasons for taking to their feet: It makes them feel more focused, prevents drowsiness(困倦睡意), and makes them feel like a general even if they just push paper. (Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfels works standing up. So does novelist Philip Roth.)
But unknown to them, a debate (辩论) is spreading among ergonomics experts(人类工程学家) and public-health researchers about whether all office workers should be encouraged to stand—to save lives.
Doctors point to surprising new research showing higher rates of diabetes, obesity, heart disease and even mortality among people who sit for long stretches. A study earlier this year in the American Journal of Epidemiology showed that among 123,000 adults followed over 14 years, those who sat more than six hours a day were at least 18 percent more likely to die during the time period studied than those who sat less than three hours a day.
“Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing,” said Marc Hamilton, a leading researcher on inactivity physiology at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Louisiana. “Sitting is harmful. It’s dangerous. We are on the cusp (尖端) of a major revolution.” He calls sitting “the new smoking”.
Not so fast, other experts say. Standing too much at work will cause more long-term back injuries. Incidences of varicose veins(静脉曲张) among women will increase. The heart will have to pump more.
Hedge, the Cornell professor, isn’t a fan of all this standing. “Making people stand all day is dumb,” he said.
The sensible and most cost-effective strategy(策略), he said, is to sit in a neutral posture(姿势), slightly reclined(下弯的), with the keyboard on a tray above the lap. This position promotes positive blood flow. Workers should occasionally walk around, stretch and avoid prolonged periods at the desk. The key, he said, is movement, not standing.
小题1:Marc Hamilton said “Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing” to show that________.
A.the result of the study about sitting too long is shocking
B.we need to remove many rocks
C.we need to smooth away many difficulties
D.sitting on a rock is necessary
小题2: The following are the reasons why some experts are against standing too long except      .
A.It will cause more long-term back injuries
B.it will raise the burden of heart
C.incidences of varicose veins among women will increase
D.standing too much at work per day is too tiring
小题3: According to the studies in the passage mentioned,      .
A.it is better not to stand more than 6 hours
B.sitting too long can arouse illnesses easily
C.sitting long is specially harmful to adults
D.standing much is better than sitting long
小题4:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Standing is not better than sitting
B.Standing more does no harm to people
C.Standing will promote the efficiency
D.More office workers take standing against sitting

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