Question

I.阅读理解

A [2015 .江淮名校高三第二次联考] People laugh and people cry. But it is thought that emo?tions such as anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears (落泪者)is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. But judging from recent studies of crying behaviour, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive (适得其反).

Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emo?tional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that increase survival.

Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother) ， the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal(有声的)cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears that there must be something special about tears themselves.

Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in easing stress. University of Minneso?ta researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently separated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of expo?sure to cutting onions would contain no such substance.

Other researchers are looking into the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University's Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of "dry eye" syndrome(综合征）and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to meas?ure exposure to environmental pollutants.

1.  What does the phrase " both those responses" in Para?graph 1 refer to ？

A.    Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happi?ness.

B.     The embarrassment and unpleasant feelings of the ob?servers.

C.     Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.

D.    丁he tear shedder's apology and the observer's effort to stop the crying.

 2. It is known from the first paragraph that .

 A.     shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to Americans

B.     crying may often result in tragedy

C.     crying usually wins sympathy from other people

D.     one who sheds tears in public will be blamed

3.What does the author say about crying?

 A.     It is a pointless physiological response to the environ?ment.

B.     It must have a role to play in man's survival.

C.     It is meant to get attention and assistance.

D.     It usually produces the desired effect.

4. From the passage we can infer that .

 A.     it is unnatural for people to shed tears

B.     we can reduce our stress by shedding emotional tears

C.     shedders of tears can't get help by crying loudly

D.     unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival

Answer 1

I.阅读理解

A [文章大意]本文是一篇健康类文章。研究发现，因为某种情感而流泪能够减轻压力，研究人员在情绪性的泪水中发现了两种物质， 而切洋葱时流出的泪水中不含这两种物质。

1.D 词义猜测题。根据"The shedder of tears(落泪者）is likely to apologize? even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the e-motional tears."可知，both those responses指的是流泪者的道歉和他人的安慰。故选D项。

2.A推理判断题。根据第一段第三句"The shedder of tears (落泪者)is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause."可知，即使是因为很悲惨的事情落泪，只要被人看见，落泪者就会道歉。据此推断落泪在美国人的概念里会给别人带来不好的感受。故选A项。

3.C 细节理解题。根据第二段"…crying is a way to ask for assis?tance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother) ， the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal (出声的) cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention."可知人们普遍认为哭是一种求助和引起注意的方式。故选C项。

4. B 推理判断题。根据第四段"…emotional tears may play a di?rect role in easing stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently sepa?rated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemi?cals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.，， 可知，情绪性的眼泪含有两种特殊的化学物质，这种物质能减轻压力；受到洋葱刺激而流出的眼泪中不含这两种物质。据此推断，情绪性的眼泪能减轻压力。故选B项。