Question

We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it．
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed because no examination is perfect, but to have no tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers．This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher．Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected school? And from families known to them, a form of favouritism will replace equality．At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates(毕业证） to prove he is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability（不合适）of a dull child attending a well-respected school．This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his school's reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child form the favoured school．
The opponents（反对者）of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils．According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class．They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer．
小题1:The underlined word "favouritism" in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that ___．

A．bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs．

B．children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs

C．poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets

D．children attending ordinary schools achieve great success

小题2:What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?

A．Schools for bright children would lose their reputation．

B．There would be more opportunities and excellence．

C．Children from poor families would be able to change their schools．

D．Children's job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation．

小题3:The opponents of the examination system will agree that____．

A．jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection

B．computers should be selected to take over many jobs

C．special classes are necessary to keep the school standards

D．schools with academic subjects should be done away with

小题4:The passage mainly focuses on ____．

A．schools and certificates	B．examinations and equality
C．opportunity and employment	D．standards and reputation

Answer 1

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B

试题分析：本文讨论的主要就是考试和公平的关系，正是为了公平我们才进行各种的考试，给所有的人机会。如果没有了考试，很多事情都无法去衡量。
小题1:B 推理题。本句And from families known to them, a form of favouritism will replace equality．根据上一句．Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected school? And from families known to them,说明没有了考试很多的老板就会从名校里找学生，那么这些名校的学生机会有更好的工作，故B正确。
小题2:D 细节题。根据第二段倒数第二行the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his school's reputation说明没有了考试，聪明的学生的机会就会因为学校的名誉而失去了，故D项正确。
小题3:A 推理题。根据文章倒数2,3行all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．说明他认为工作不应该是按照系统的选择来进行的，而是用不成系统的胡乱第选择来决定的，故A项符合。
小题4:B 主旨大意题，本文讨论的主要就是考试和公平的关系，正是为了公平我们才进行各种的考试，给所有的人机会。如果没有了考试，很多事情都无法去衡量。故B项内容正确。
点评：本文讨论的主要就是考试和公平的关系，考查推理题较多，不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。