题目内容
【题目】For thousands of years comets have been a mystery to man. They travel across the sky very fast and have a bright “tail” of burning gas. The comet Tempel 1 has an orbit far outside the orbit of the furthest planet in our solar system, Pluto. It has been there for 4.6 billion years, 133 million kilometers from Earth.Once a little American spacecraft crashed into Tempel 1. The spacecraft had a camera and it took a photograph of the comet every minute before it finally crashed into its surface.
The space mission to Tempel 1 cost $335 million and was called Deep Impact. The spacecraft was traveling at 37,000 kilometers per hour when it hit the comet and the crash completely destroyed the spacecraft. But before it hit the comet, the spacecraft took some amazing photographs. The last one was a closeup picture which the spacecraft took just 3 seconds before it crashed into the comet.
“Right now we have lost one spacecraft，” said a delighted NASA engineer. Deep Impact was like an American Independence Day fireworks display. It took many years to plan and ended in an enormous explosion.
The spacecraft which crashed into the comet was made of copper and was the size of a washing machine. It was dropped from a mothership into the path of the comet and the mothership then photographed the cloud of ice, dust and organic chemicals that rose from the surface of the comet after the crash.
The crash completely destroyed the spacecraft but nothing really happened to the comet: experts believe that the crash slowed the comet down by no more than 1/10,000 of a millimeter a second. The aim of the mission was to study for the first time the interior of a comet.
The mothership was 480 km from the explosion and observed the crash and the explosion with instruments for 800 seconds. Seven satellites, including the Hubble space telescope, watched the moment of drama, and over the next day and night about 50 telescopes on Earth were watching the distant comet.
【1】How many hours did it take for the spacecraft from the earth to touch the comet Tempel 1?
A. About 2,500. B. About 3,500.
C. About 4,500. D. About 5,500.
【2】Which of the following shows the possible orbits and positions of the comet Tempel 1?
S＝Solar P＝Pluto
T＝Tempel 1
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
【3】Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 5?
A. Position. B. Relation.
C. Inside. D. Distance.
【4】The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to________.
A. inform people the discovery of a new comet
B. show the power of America in space
C. introduce the knowledge of comets
D. introduce an experiment
【答案】
【1】B
【2】C
【3】C
【4】D
【解析】
本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一次人类用飞船撞击彗星的实验，使用卫星对撞击的情况进行拍摄，以研究彗星的更多信息。
【1】细节理解题。根据第一段第四句It has been there for 4.6 billion years, 133 million kilometers from Earth.可知Tempel 1离地球133million公里；根据第二段第二句The spacecraft was traveling at 37,000 kilometers per hour可知宇宙飞船的速度是37000公里每小时。所以大约要飞行3500小时。故B项正确。
【2】推理判断题。根据第一段第三句The comet Tempel 1 has an orbit far outside the orbit of the furthest planet in our solar system, Pluto.可知Tempel 1的轨道位于冥王星的外面，而冥王星是太阳系的恒星之一。故C图是正确的图示。
【3】猜测词意题。根据本句The aim of the mission was to study for the first time the interior of a comet.可知这次使命的目标是通过飞行器撞击彗星，来研究彗星的内部构造。故划线词意为inside。故C项正确。
【4】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一次人类使用飞船撞击彗星的实验，使用卫星对撞击的情况进行拍摄，以研究彗星的更多信息。故D项正确。
本文小题1考查了细节题中的数字计算题，第一段第四句It has been there for 4.6 billion years, 133 million kilometers from Earth.可知Tempel 1离地球133million公里；根据第二段第二句The spacecraft was traveling at 37,000 kilometers per hour可知宇宙飞船的速度是37000公里每小时。通过简单计算可知大约要飞行3500小时。这是细节题常见的考查题型。
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
