题目内容

The secret of staying slim could be as simple as keeping your mind on your meals. Research suggests that   1 ourselves from distractions and concentrating completely on the food that is in front of us, helps us stay in   2 . Such ‘mindful eating’ ensures that the   3 is in tune with (协调) the body, enabling it to ‘hear’ the chemical   4 that tell it that we are full。
Digestion   5  a complex series of signals between the gut (肠道)and the nervous system and it takes about 20 minutes for the brain to tell that the body has eaten enough. This means that if someone eats too   6 , the signals will come slowly, leading to   7 .
Scientists say that distractions make it  8 for us to remember what we have eaten. This absent-mindedness stops us from feeling   9  – and sends us reaching for some snacks later on. It is thought that our memory of what we have eaten plays a key role in   10  appetite. This means that distractions stop us from remembering the detail of what we have eaten – leaving us feeling   11 .
Advocates of mindful eating   12 chewing food slowly and taking note of its color, smell and flavor. Before   13  dieters should ask themselves if they are really hungry---and if not, distract themselves by going for a walk or reading. Done  14 , mindful eating may not only leave you   15 , but also make you enjoy mealtimes.
小题1:
A．feelingB．protectingC．freeingD．saving
小题2:
A．shapeB．healthC．touchD．business
小题3:
A．appetiteB．speedC．emotionD．mind
小题4:
A．ordersB．soundsC．desiresD．messages
小题5:
A．discoversB．involvesC．sendsD．holds
小题6:
A．quicklyB．slowlyC．graduallyD．suddenly
小题7:
A．imbalanceB．damageC．overeatingD．failure
小题8:
A．clearerB．easierC．sharperD．harder
小题9:
A．fullB．greatC．comfortableD．delicious
小题10:
A．buildingB．losingC．controllingD．improving
小题11:
A．upsetB．eagerC．hungryD．desperate
小题12:
A．mindB．adviseC．avoidD．consider
小题13:
A．snackingB．runningC．writingD．cooking
小题14:
A．quietlyB．stronglyC．properlyD．poorly
小题15:
A．slimB．fatC．strongD．calm

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:B
小题6:A
小题7:C
小题8:D
小题9:A
小题10:C
小题11:C
小题12:B
小题13:A
小题14:C
小题15:A

试题分析：本文叙述了意念减肥法能还你好身材。大量的研究显示，将我们从各种干扰和分散注意力的事物中解脱出来，并且将关注的焦点都放在我们眼前的这餐食物之上，不仅可以帮助我们保持体型，同时还能使得我们更加享受美食。
小题1:考查动名词及语境的理解。 A. feeling感觉； B. protecting保护； C. freeing解放，释放； D. saving挽救。根据keeping your mind on your meals要注意关注饮食，所以从其他的事物中解脱出来。有大量的研究显示，将我们从各种干扰和分散注意力的事物中解脱（freeing）出来，并且将关注的焦点都放在我们眼前的这餐食物之上，这样做就能帮助我们体态轻盈。故选C。 
小题2:考查名词及语境的理解。 A. shape身材； B. health 健康； C. touch触摸； D. business 生意。根据     ourselves from distractions可知将关注的焦点都放在我们眼前的这餐食物之上，这样做就能帮助我们体态轻盈（shape）。故选A。
小题3:考查名词及语境的理解。 A. appetite欲望； B. speed速度； C. emotion情感； D. mind注意，理智。根据‘mindful eating可知这样一种“全神贯注进食”的方法其实是使得我们的“身心合一”，故选D。
小题4:考查名词及语境的理解。 A. orders命令； B. sounds声音； C. desires心愿； D. messages 信息。根据chemical可知用来修饰信息。同时让我们的身体更清晰的接收到某种化学信息，它将告诉我们，自己已经吃饱了。故选D。 
小题5:考查动词及语境的理解。 A. discovers发现； B. involves 包含； C. sends发送； D. holds保存。根据a complex series of signals可知消化系统中，肠道与神经系统之间存在了一系列复杂的激素响应信号，故选B。
小题6:考查副词及语境的理解。 A. quickly快地； B. slowly 慢地； C. gradually逐渐地； D. suddenly 突然。根据the signals will come slowly这里用了slowly与它对应的是quickly。这也就意味着，如果你吃得太快的话，这一信号将被大大延迟，这将导致你吃得更多。故选A。
小题7:考查名词及语境的理解。 A. imbalance不平衡； B. damage损害； C. overeating暴饮暴食； D. failure 失败。根据it takes about 20 minutes for the brain to tell that the body has eaten enough因为吃的快，吃饱的信号还没有来，所以就吃多了。.如果你吃得太快的话，这一信号将被大大延迟，这将导致你吃得更多。故选C。 
小题8:考查形容词及语境的理解。 A. clearer更清楚的； B. easier更容易的； C. sharper更锋利的；         D. harder更难的。根据distractions可知由于没有关注自己吃的什么，所以不太记得自己吃的什么。科学家说分心使我们很难记得我们刚刚吃了什么，故选D。
小题9:考查形容词及语境的理解。 A. full满的； B. great大的； C. comfortable舒适的； D. delicious可口的。根据sends us reaching for some snacks later on因为不饱。这样“开小差”的状态会让我们很难感知到身体的饱足感，这便使得我们产生了吃午后小点的想法。故选A。 
小题10:考查动名词及语境的理解。A. building建筑； B. losing丢失； C. controlling控制； D. improving提高。根据absent-mindedness stops us from feeling可知据认为，记忆在进食过程中有着重要的作用，它能抑制我们的食欲。故选C。
小题11:考查形容词及语境的理解。A. upset不安； B. eager渴望的； C. hungry 饥饿的； D. desperate 绝望的。根据上文可知这就意味着，转移注意力和分心将使我们难以记住吃了什么，并且让我们感到饥饿。故选C。
小题12:考查动词及语境的理解。A. mind介意； B. advise建议； C. avoid避免； D. consider考虑。根据下文可知chewing food slowly，advise doing建议做某事。意念进食的倡导者建议（advise）说慢慢地进食，记住食物的颜色、气道及滋味。故选B。  
小题13:考查动词及语境的理解。A. snacking吃零食； B. running跑； C. writing 写； D. cooking做饭。根据sends us reaching for some snacks later on.可知在吃零食之前，节食者应该好好问问自己，是否真的饿了，故选A。 
小题14:考查副词及语境的理解。A. quietly安静地； B. strongly坚强地； C. properly 适当地； D. poorly 贫乏地。根据常识可知必须实施得当。如果实施手法得当（properly），“意念进食法”不仅可以帮助我们保持体型，同时还能使得我们更加享受美食。故选C。
小题15:考查形容词及语境的理解。A. slim苗条的； B. fat肥胖的； C. strong坚强的； D. calm平静。根据The secret of staying slim could be as simple as keeping your mind on your meals.如果实施手法得当，“意念进食法”不仅可以帮助我们保持体型（slim），同时还能使得我们更加享受美食。故选A。
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Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri-beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.
At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.
Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.
小题1:The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.
A．a medical treatment B．a kind of vitaminC．a kind of germD．a kind of rice
小题2:Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.
A．spend his holiday
B．find ways to grow better crops
C．do some research about the island
D．help the Javanese with their illness
小题3:Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?
A．To eat them.
B．To carry out his experiments.
C．To give the Javanese a surprise.
D．To make money by selling them.
小题4:If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ______.
A．eat more riceB．eat more meatC．eat some chicken D．eat vitamin pills
小题5:We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．beri-beri was caused by chickens
B．the Javanese didn’t like vitamins
C．Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful
D．the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ
Researchers in London and Bristol have found that men are particularly likely to yield to depression if their partners are also depressed.
The finding highlights the importance of paying attention to the partners of depressed mothers, as young children themselves are vulnerable (容易受伤的) to social problems if both parents are depressed.
Researchers in London and at the University of Bristol launched their study to investigate whether family structure affects the likelihood of depression in men around the time their child is born. They looked at men from traditional families, men with children from a previous relationship, men whose partners had children by a former partner, and men who were not living with their partners.
All 7,108 participants filled out a questionnaire on depression, and answered questions about their age, education level and employment status. Details about the quality of their relationships with their partners, networks of friends and previous life events were also recorded.
About 3.5 percent of the men and 13 percent of their partners suffered depression around the time their child was born. While men in stepfamilies or who were not living with their partners were twice as likely to get depressed as those in traditional families, this could be explained by other factors that are more common in nontraditional families, such as poor education and relationship conflicts.
Even allowing for all these factors, however, the partners of women who were suffering from prenatal (围产期的) depression were significantly more likely to become depressed themselves, the researchers report in an American journal. Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. For the healthy women, the figure was only 2.6 percent.
Previous research suggests that families with two depressed parents may need special attention. A researcher in Atlanta has found that primary school children with two troubled parents have difficulty relating to their peers. “It’s extremely important to look at the whole family.” she says.
小题1:What can we conclude from the first two paragraphs of this passage?
A．Men often beat their children.
B．Depressed women often have depressed partners.
C．All young children are vulnerable to social problems.
D．Women with children often have depressed partners.
小题2:Why did researchers in London and Bristol carry out such an investigation?
A．To see what kind of family environment is ideal for children to grow up in.
B．To study whether family structure affects depression in men when their child is born.
C．To investigate why so many men get depressed when a child is born.
D．To see whether it is true that behind every depressed man there is a depressed woman.
小题3:What kind of men is least likely to get depressed when their child was born?
A．Men in stepfamilies.
B．Men who were not living with their partners.
C．Men in traditional families.
D．Men in nontraditional families.
小题4:According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners.
B．2.6 percent of healthy women were depressed.
C．Special attention should be paid to families in which both the father and the mother were depressed.
D．Primary school children whose parents were both depressed couldn’t get along well withtheir peers.
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods (天然健康食品) ? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid (酸) accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is overweight. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive system, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods (加工食品) contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive system makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach. One effective way is to choose raw and whole foods appropriately according to your health conditions and personal preferences.
小题1:It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.
A．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods
B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit
C．it is important for people to protect their vital organs
D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle
小题2:Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.
A．destroy body’s cellsB．harm your stomach
C．may lead to obesityD．stop body’s natural function
小题3:What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To warn people of the problem of overweight.
B．To inform people of the harm of processed foods.
C．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods.
D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods.
小题4:What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Different causes of acid accumulation.
B．Correct ways to cook raw foods.
C．Active approaches to avoid acid.
D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods.
FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decades, requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts, cantaloupe (瓜），and leafy greens.
The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodbome illness. Just since last summer, outbreaks of listeria (李氏杆菌）in cheese and salmonella(沙门氏菌）in peanut butter, cantaloupe and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.
The FDA’s proposed rules would require farmers to take new precautions against contamination (污染）,to include making sure workers5 hands are washed, irrigation (灌溉） water is clean, and that animals stay out of fields. Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.
Many responsible food companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take. But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the large-scale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.
In a 2011 outbreak of listeria in cantaloupe that claimed 33 lives ，for example, FDA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown. In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 salmonella illnesses ，inspectors found samples of salmonella throughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems ，such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.
Under the new rules, companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct them.
“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen/，said Michael Taylor, FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods.
小题1:The main task of FDA is probably______
A．to protect and promote the public health
B．to help those sickened recover
C．to research on food safety measures
D．to deal with water pollution
小题2:According to the passage, the new rules focus on_____.
A．inspecting the whole process of food production
B．improving food processing equipment on farms
C．preventing water pollution in food production
D．urging food companies to lay out plans
小题3:What does the word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Inspectors.B．Farmers
C．Manufacturers.D．Workers.
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The new regulations should have come into practice earlier.
B．The 2011 outbreak of listeria is the most serious ever.
C．Farmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules.
D．Colorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution.
Was the London Olympics a success? Many people hold different opinions. However one thing is certain, London could win a gold medal for hosting the “greenest” Games ever, BBC News reported.
Previous Olympic hosts have been criticized for the environmental damage they have caused through construction, waste. and transport. But things had to be different in London because seven years ago it bid for the Olympics through the concept of “a One Planet Olympics”.
What is most impressive is that London used the construction of the Olympic Park as an opportunity to clean up polluted areas — 2 million tons of contaminated (被污染的) soil were removed and 200 old factory buildings, were torn down, according to sustainablebusiness.com. But that’s not all —. 99 percent of the debris (废瓦砾) were reused to build the Olympic Park. For example, part of the Olympic Stadium’s roof is made from 2,500 tons of steel tubes recycled from old gas pipelines.
As well as using recycled materials, all venues were built with green building techniques. The Olympic Stadium is the lightest one ever built, which minimized the amount of steel and concrete needed. Also, the handball field has lighting pipes on the roof that reduce electricity use by 40 percent, according to sustainablebusiness.com.
The effort that London made to deal with waste also deserves praise. Water used for drinking and watering plants was from collected rainwater or recycled wastewater. In this way. about 30-40 percent less water was used in total. Waste food packages were either recycled or processed and turned into renewable energy.
As one of the best connected places in Europe, London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of public transport. For example, it had trains deliver half of the building materials, instead of cars, which greatly reduced carbon emissions.
The clean anti-doping (反兴奋剂) result also added to the greenness of the Games. The International Olympics Committee (IOC) said that the devices used this time were the most accurate and advanced. Only one athlete tested positive for a banned drug on the day of competing, which is why the IOC President, Jacques Rogge, has praised anti-doping efforts at the London Games.
小题1:To make the Olympic Park green, London _______.
A．recycled 2 million tons of contaminated soil
B．removed 99 percent of the debris from the city
C．built the Olympic Stadium mostly with recycled materials
D．applied green building techniques to the construction work
小题2:The underlined word “minimized” in the fourth paragraph probably means
A．increased as much as possible
B．reduced as much as possible
C．made good use of
D．took little notice
小题3:What can we conclude from the article?
A．The London Olympics cost less than the other Olympics ever held.
B．London has possessed the most advanced techniques to deal with waste.
C．Public transport is made good use of in London during the Olympic games.
D．The anti-doping result in the London Olympics turned out to be dissatisfactory.
小题4:Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?

小题5:What is the best title of the passage?
A．How to deal with the anti-doping
B．How to use recycled materials
C．London’s green games
D．London’s public transport
An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.
Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (痒的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10％ of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
小题1:Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.
A．plants don’t usually flower in cold weather
B．people usually wear thick clothes
C．pollen is active below freezing point
D．the weather is too cold for viruses
小题2:What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?
A．It is nothing serious.B．One’s life is at risk.
C．One has to be sent to hospital.D．One is sure to breathe easily.
小题3:According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to________.
A．take some medicines to produce antibodies
B．have immediate operations
C．be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance
D．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances
小题4:The best title would be _______.
A．The ABCs of AllergiesB．The Cause of Allergies
C．The Treatment of AllergiesD．The Prevention of Allergies
As we know, it is common for people to catch a cold in winter and most people believe they know the reason for colds. However, scientists say people have some wrong beliefs about the cause of colds.
Many people think that once you get infected by colds, you will not be easy to be attacked by colds for the rest of your life. That’s not the case. There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold. You catch a cold because of one kind of them this time, but you might catch a cold next time because of another.
Others believe that people get sick just because of the cold weather in winter. That is also wrong.
It’s because people tend to stay closer in winter and the cold virus is transmitted from one person to another through handshakes, sneezing, or coughing.
While there is no actual cure for the common cold, scientists say there are still a few things you can do to help you. Some experts say honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. There is increasing evidence that it helps shorten the duration of the common cold sometimes even by two to three days particularly in children. Chicken soup also helps reduce the duration of the cold.
In addition, if you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything, it’s not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea because doctors say the water cycle in your bodies helps to cure colds. That’s very important. Though there is more than one way to deal with colds, doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you.
小题1:We know from the second paragraph that ______.
A．the common cold is caused by only one virus
B．there are people who never catch a cold
C．colds can be caused by different viruses
D．all people are easily attacked by colds
小题2: The underlined word “transmitted” in the fourth paragraph means “______”.
A．passedB．changedC．curedD．caused
小题3:If you have a cold, you can do the following except ______.
A．drinking a lot of waterB．drinking chicken soups
C．eating honeyD．forcing yourself to eat
小题4: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．now scientists have found out practical treatment for colds
B．different people may have different ways to fight against colds
C．working in freezing weather is the main reason for colds
D．colds can be passed from animals to human beings
The smell of fresh air is becoming something of a distant memory, thanks to our increasing use of fragrance (香气). From air fresheners to scented (有香味的) candles, we live in a world of scent.
Recent figures show seven in ten people use air fresheners or scented candles to keep our homes smelling sweet. Yet recent records suggest that perfumed products could affect our health, causing problems including allergies (过敏), headaches and asthma (哮喘) .
One leading expert believes nearly a third of people suffer health effects from being exposed to scents. A major problem is so-called “contact” allergy—where perfumes and scented products cause eczema (湿疹) when they come into contact with the skin. About one in 20 is thought to be affected by fragrance allergy.
“Often it may not be immediately obvious that you have developed a fragrance allergy,” says Dr. Baron. “You don’t react immediately. Gradually, as you are exposed more and more, the body increases its reaction, until it becomes noticeable to you.”
People with pre-existing eczema are particularly vulnerable (易受影响). “The eczema worsens in areas in contact with perfumes,” says Dr. Baron. “But even those without allergies can be at risk of fragrance allergy.” You can become suddenly allergic to perfumes and personal care products that you have been using for years. “Even if you know which fragrance causes a problem, it can be difficult to avoid, as most personal care products –soap, shampoo, sun cream and washing powder—contain fragrances,” says Dr. Baron.
And strong scents can also cause headaches. Fragrances activate the nose’s nerve cells, stimulating the nerve system associated with head pain. To minimize risk, sufferers are advised to minimize the contact.
“Fragrance suggest cleanliness – yet people are smelling a potentially dangerous chemical mixture,” says Anne Steinemann, professor of the University of Washington. “We often use them to mask one problem – as with air fresheners – but create a greater one – adding poisonous chemicals to the air.”
小题1:What is the text mainly about?
A．The world trend of using fragrance.
B．The benefits of using non-fragranced products.
C．The health problems caused by fragrance
D．The ways of removing allergy.
小题2:According to Dr. Baron,            .
A．our bodies have an immediate reaction to fragrance.
B．seven in ten have suffered fragrance allergy.
C．fragrance can affect people who don’t have allergy
D．people can avoid contacting with fragrance easily
小题3:Which of the following questions does the text NOT answer?
A．Which products contain fragrance?
B．What’s the influence of fragrance in the air?
C．What are the air fresheners made up of?
D．How are headaches caused by fragrance?
小题4:The following paragraph might discuss            .
A．the asthma caused by strong scents.
B．people’s efforts to protect fresh air.
C．the methods of curing eczema
D．the bad effects of air fresheners.

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