Who could have imagined that a treadmill(跑步机)on wheels would one day become a thing?!? Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.

Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question “How can I use a treadmill outdoors?” He finally came up with a new design, adding an electric motor, and the Lopifit was born. It’s similar to an electric bicycle in that the motor only works when the rider puts power in as well. The Lopifit senses when you walk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back of the treadmill, helping you reach a top speed of 17 miles per hour.

To use the Lopifit, simply turn on the battery(电池)and use your foot to slide the treadmill backwards and start the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride! If you need speed, just walk on the treadmill, and if you want to coast(惯性滑行), all you have to do is stay still and admire the view. To stop, you have two hand breaks.

The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and, unsurprisingly, became a hit overnight. That was actually quite challenging for the company, because it started getting calls for orders, but it was nowhere near ready for mass production. The unique treadmill bicycle could be bought this year, and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand, although the price is up to $2,115.

Some people consider this means of transportation stupid and unnecessary, although there is a very loyal fan-base of so-called Lopifitters. They simply believe that if you’re going to walk, you might as well do it the old-fashioned way.

But the Lopifit does have the special advantage of helping you “walk” really fast without much effort, or walking at cycling speed, if you will.

1.Lopifit is an electric bicycle which ________.

A. can be powered by the drive chain

B. can work without an electric motor

C. works when you walk on the treadmill

D. stops when you slide the treadmill forward

2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. The design of a Lopifit. B. The function of a Lopifit.

C. The structure of a Lopifit. D. The operation of a Lopifit.

3.What is probably the author’s attitude towards Lopifit?

A. Confident. B. Concerned.

C. Curious. D. Doubtful.

Australian cities can keep their native wildlife — but only if they can kick their habit of urban sprawl (扩展). That’s the finding of a new study by leading Australian environmental researchers Jessica Sushinsky, Professor Hugh Possingham and Dr. Richard Fuller of The University of Queensland.

“While urban development usually reduces the number of birds in a city, building more compact (紧凑的) cities and avoiding urban sprawl can slow these reductions greatly,” says lead author Jessica Sushinsky. “Compact housing development leaves birds’ homes untouched, leading to fewer losses of birds.”

The researchers surveyed native and wild birds in Brisbane’s urban areas, including living and industrial areas, public parks and gardens, major roadways and airports. They then used statistical modeling to find out what will happen to the birds as the city grows. The first setting was compact growth — where multiple homes are built on land that previously had only one house. The second setting was sprawling growth — a familiar pattern where homes are built here and there beyond the city’s current boundaries.

The team’s forecasts showed that a much greater diversity of species was lost over 20 years in the sprawling setting compared to the more compact setting. “Urban sprawl resulted in the disappearance of many urban-sensitive birds — birds that only live in areas where there is native vegetation (植被), such as parklands and woodlands,” Ms. Sushinsky says.

“On the other hand, we found the city with the compact development attracted more birds because it kept more of its parks and green areas.”

Now the Queensland Government has adopted the more compact urban growth strategy, which, Dr. Richard Fuller says, is good news for Australia’s native birds. These birds are environmental specialists — they need a particular environment to do well. “While compact development means smaller backyards, it can also make our entire cities more biodiverse,” according to Dr. Fuller. “The study shows that we should hold on to our green spaces instead of clearing them for sprawling development.”

This is the first time science has modeled the effects of different urban growth strategies on birds, the researchers say. “Statistical models like these are important because they help us to understand the ecological consequences of a particular decision,” says Dr Fuller.

1.Why is compact urban growth better than the sprawling strategy?

A. It makes the cities more beautiful. B. It gives people larger backyards.

C. It is money-saving. D. It is bird-friendly.

2.Dr Richard Fuller thinks the Queensland Government’s action ______.

A. is really brave B. is worth praising

C. has an uncertain future D. should be performed nationwide

3.What can we learn about the study from the passage?

A. It is based on the statistics in the past.

B. It is strongly against urban development.

C. It criticizes the city environment in Brisbane.

D. It suggests leaving more green spaces for birds.

4.Where does the passage probably come from?

A. A news report. B. A travel guide.

C. A health magazine. D. A history book.

The Oxford Dictionary has announced its word of the year. It's spelled... Actually, it isn't spelled at all, because it contains no letters, just a “face with tears of joy” emoji.

“The fact that English alone is proving not enough to meet the needs of 21st-century digital communication is a huge change,” says Caspar Grathwohl, president of Oxford Dictionaries. When one of his dictionary colleagues suggested using an emoji instead of the word “emoji”, “lightbulbs went off”. Until recently, Grathwohl, who is 44, avoided using emojis altogether because he worried that he would look as if he “was trying to get in on teen culture”. “I felt inauthentic. But I think there was a tipping point this year. It's now moved into the mainstream.”

Some 76% of the UK adult population owns a smart phone, and of those, between 80% and 90% use emojis. Worldwide, six billion are sent daily. The “face with tears of joy” is the most used, representing 20% of all UK and 17% of all US emoji use. It has overtaken the standard smiley-face emoji in popularity, which may mean that emoji users are moving towards exaggeration or irony or fun, or that all this emoji use has brought everyone to a higher emotional plane. Even if you don't send emojis yourself, you will probably receive them.

How far do emojis function as a language? “There's a lot of prejudice against emojis,” Vyvyan Evans, a professor in linguistics at Bangor University, says. “A lot of people think they are a backward step, but this misunderstands the nature of human communication.” The picture is more complicated, with emojis offering both greater freedom and limitations than verbal language. “Emoji isn't a language as such. They don't develop in the way that the natural language does. But they are working according to the same principles of communication as the spoken language. What is the value of an emoji? I think I can prove this with an ordinary sentence.” There is a pause. “I love you,” he says. “Crikey(哎呀), I love you.” He says it again. The first time I think he means it; the second time we both know he doesn't. “The meaning is coming from extra-language factors,” he says. “Emojis are performing the same function in digital speech.”

Like any sort-of language, emoji is evolving. “I do think they are subtle(微妙) and rich,” Grathwohl says. “They can mean different things to different people. The fact that we are using emoji in combination to express more complex ideas and experiences is one of the most fun and playful parts of the whole words. Will emoji finally come to look something more like traditional language that we understand?” he asks. “That would be interesting.”

1.The sentence “lightbulbs went off” (Para. 2) means that     .

A. the president became embarrassed and annoyed

B. the president suddenly realized he was outdated

C. the suggestion was immediately adopted

D. the suggestion started a heated discussion

2.The “face with tears of joy” is more popular than smiley-face emoji, which means that     .

A. emoji is changing constantly

B. smiley-face emoji is too traditional

C. adults have more sorrow than joy in their daily life

D. people like to express their emotions in a richer way

3.Vyvyan Evans uses the sentence “I love you” as an example (Para. 4) to prove that     .

A. emoji can express the real meaning behind words

B. emoji is different from the natural language

C. people feel free to use emoji in communication

D. emoji will limit people in expressing their feelings

4.Which of the following statements might Grathwohl agree with?

A. Emoji is too childish for adults.

B. People have the same explanation for an emoji.

C. Using emoji can add fun to communication.

D. Emoji won't develop into a language.

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