题目内容

The Oxford Dictionary has announced its word of the year. It's spelled... Actually, it isn't spelled at all, because it contains no letters, just a “face with tears of joy” emoji.

“The fact that English alone is proving not enough to meet the needs of 21st-century digital communication is a huge change,” says Caspar Grathwohl, president of Oxford Dictionaries. When one of his dictionary colleagues suggested using an emoji instead of the word “emoji”, “lightbulbs went off”. Until recently, Grathwohl, who is 44, avoided using emojis altogether because he worried that he would look as if he “was trying to get in on teen culture”. “I felt inauthentic. But I think there was a tipping point this year. It's now moved into the mainstream.”

Some 76% of the UK adult population owns a smart phone, and of those, between 80% and 90% use emojis. Worldwide, six billion are sent daily. The “face with tears of joy” is the most used, representing 20% of all UK and 17% of all US emoji use. It has overtaken the standard smiley-face emoji in popularity, which may mean that emoji users are moving towards exaggeration or irony or fun, or that all this emoji use has brought everyone to a higher emotional plane. Even if you don't send emojis yourself, you will probably receive them.

How far do emojis function as a language? “There's a lot of prejudice against emojis,” Vyvyan Evans, a professor in linguistics at Bangor University, says. “A lot of people think they are a backward step, but this misunderstands the nature of human communication.” The picture is more complicated, with emojis offering both greater freedom and limitations than verbal language. “Emoji isn't a language as such. They don't develop in the way that the natural language does. But they are working according to the same principles of communication as the spoken language. What is the value of an emoji? I think I can prove this with an ordinary sentence.” There is a pause. “I love you,” he says. “Crikey(哎呀), I love you.” He says it again. The first time I think he means it; the second time we both know he doesn't. “The meaning is coming from extra-language factors,” he says. “Emojis are performing the same function in digital speech.”

Like any sort-of language, emoji is evolving. “I do think they are subtle(微妙) and rich,” Grathwohl says. “They can mean different things to different people. The fact that we are using emoji in combination to express more complex ideas and experiences is one of the most fun and playful parts of the whole words. Will emoji finally come to look something more like traditional language that we understand?” he asks. “That would be interesting.”

1.The sentence “lightbulbs went off” (Para. 2) means that 　　　　.

A. the president became embarrassed and annoyed

B. the president suddenly realized he was outdated

C. the suggestion was immediately adopted

D. the suggestion started a heated discussion

2.The “face with tears of joy” is more popular than smiley-face emoji, which means that 　　　　.

A. emoji is changing constantly

B. smiley-face emoji is too traditional

C. adults have more sorrow than joy in their daily life

D. people like to express their emotions in a richer way

3.Vyvyan Evans uses the sentence “I love you” as an example (Para. 4) to prove that 　　　　.

A. emoji can express the real meaning behind words

B. emoji is different from the natural language

C. people feel free to use emoji in communication

D. emoji will limit people in expressing their feelings

4.Which of the following statements might Grathwohl agree with?

A. Emoji is too childish for adults.

B. People have the same explanation for an emoji.

C. Using emoji can add fun to communication.

D. Emoji won't develop into a language.

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In 2005, I had a stroke and was taken into hospital. I was paralyzed down one side, with only a pad and a pen to ______ . But on my first day, after writing a note to the nurse, I found my right _______ wandering across the page. It was so ______ because I just copied a cartoon as a child, and I hadn’t drawn since then. The act was ______; ______ when a nurse asked me what I was doing did I look down to see patterns all over the paper.

From then on I woke up every night at 2 a.m. And kept drawing until dawn. It didn’t feel _______. I’d never drawn before in my life but now couldn’t _______.

The _______explained that very occasionally, following a stroke, a patient’s brain rewired itself to avoid the damaged area. Sometimes this can ______ a new ability in a patient: in my case, _______.

I’d never had the ______ interest in art in my life. I was an engineer by trade, and now, ______, memories and thoughts appeared to me as abstract ______ . It was just something that happened. Drawing had become like breathing: something I did instinctively and without _______.

In 2007, I heard about Second Life, the online virtual world. Inside, I _______art galleries selling digital art for real ______ and I decided to ______ my work for the first time. Two months later, someone ______ me saying he had bought two of my pictures online and wanted one in real life.

Now I’m a ______ artist—in my first year I’ve earned around ￡30,000. I’ve been featured in some art exhibitions, ______ many of my pictures appeared on the cover.

1.A. remember B. touch C. communicate D. grasp

2.A. leg B. arm C. foot D. hand

3.A. annoying B. comfortable C. boring D. strange

4.A. unconscious B. powerful C. useless D. stable

5.A. merely B. only C. just D. hardly

6.A. valuable B. normal C. complicated D. fascinating

7.A. ignore B. stand C. insist D. stop

8.A. artist B. scientist C. actor D. doctor

9.A. forbid B. adjust C. expose D. arrange

10.A. drawing B. writing C. singing D. thinking

11.A. deepest B. slightest C. strongest D. hardest

12.A. actually B. fluently C. logically D. suddenly

13.A. images B. ideas C. methods D. affairs

14.A. change B. style C. choice D. reaction

15.A. suggested B. enjoyed C. avoided D. discovered

16.A. money B. life C. interest D. program

17.A. show B. buy C. quit D. record

18.A. commanded B. praised C. contacted D. impressed

19.A. gifted B. hard-working C. professional D. wealthy

20.A. so B. but C. while D. through

Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty _______ in art and literature.

A. expressed B. express

C. being expressed D. to be expressed

In 1917 Orville Wright predicted that "the aeroplane will help peace in many ways –in particular I think it will have a tendency to make war impossible.” Earlier in 1904, American journalist John Walker declared, “As a peace machine, the value of the aeroplane to the world will be beyond computation.” This wasn’t the first grand promise of technology. In that same year Jules Verne announced, “The submarine(潜艇)may be the cause of bringing battle to a stoppage.”

Alfred Nobel, sincerely believe his dynamite(火药) would be a war obstacle: “My dynamite will sooner lead to peace than a thousand world conventions(公约).” Similarly, when Hiran Maxim, inventor of the machine gun, was asked in 1893, “Will this gun not make war more terrible?” he answered, “No, it will make war impossible.” Gugliemo Mareconi, inventor of the radio, told the world in 1912. “The coming of the wireless time will make war impossible, because it will make war ridiculous.” General James Harbord, chairman of the board of RCA in 1925, believed, “Radio will serve to make the concept of Peace on Earth, Good Will Toward Men a reality.”

David Nye, a historian of technology, adds to the list of inventions imagined as abolishing war forever and leading to universal peace the hot-air balloon, poison gas, land mines and laser guns.

It is not that all these inventions are without benefits—even benefits toward democracy. Rather, it’s the case that each new technology creates more problems than it solves. “Problems are the answers to solutions,” says Brian Arthur.

Most of the new problems in the world are problems created by previous technology. These problems are nearly invisible to us. Every year 1.2 million people die in automobile accidents. The technological transportation system kills more people than cancer. Global warming, environmental poisons, nuclear terrorism, and species loss, are only a few of the many other serious problems troubling people.

If we embrace(拥抱) technology we need to face its costs.

1.What will new inventions do according to the first two paragraphs?

A. They will increase wars.

B. They will lead to peace.

C. They will serve people.

D. They will break conventions.

2.What does the author list so many inventions?

A. To show people’s creativity.

B. To appreciate their benefits.

C. To contradict the original ideas.

D. To prove grand promises.

3.What does the author hope to tell us about new technology through the text?

A. It will experience many tests.

B. It will bring about huge costs in the world.

C. It provides answers to many problems.

D. It presents more problems than it solves.

THE WAY TO READ FAST
Perhaps you have been told about some habits（习惯） which stop a person reading fast and have been strongly asked to break those habits which you might have.

Do you still have any of these bad habits7 Check yourself by answering "yes" or "no" to these questions:

1. Do you move your lips(嘴唇) when reading silently？

2. Do you point to words with your finger as you read?

3. Do you move your head from side to side as you read?

4. Do you read one word at a time?

If you answer "yes" to any of these questions, start at once to break the habit.

If you move your lips, hold your fingers over them, or hold a piece of paper between your lips while you are reading. Then if your lips move, you will know it and can stop them.

If you point to words, hold the two sides of your book, one side with your left hand, the other side with your right hand. Then you will not have a free finger to use in pointing while reading. If you move your head, place your chin（下巴）in one hand, and hold your head still(不动地).

If you read no more than one or two or three words at a time, you need to work very hard in learning to take in more words at each glance(看一眼) as your eyes travel across the lines of words.

1.You may hold your fingers over your lips while reading

A. to hold a piece of paper between them B. to feel whether y our lips move or not

C. to tell others to be silent D. to stop yourself talking to others

2.When your eyes travel across the lines of words,

A. you need to read the words out B. you need to look at every word carefully

C. you need to remember every word D. you need to read several words at a time

3.When you read,

A. don’t use your finger to point to words B. don’t hold your books with your hands

C. don’t hold your head still D. don’t do any of the things mentioned(提到)above.

4.This passage mainly talks about .

A. the importance of fast reading B. the bad habits in reading

C. the way to read fast D. both A and B

—The expression on his face suggests he ________ have failed in the competition.

—I guess so. It’s not easy after all.

A. should B. could

C. must D. might

go after　head for　cheer up　to one

At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me. For example，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer. My mom was extremely nervous about it. She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico（波多黎各），to always put on sunscreen（防晒霜），not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings. She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.

But despite（尽管）her worries，she let me go on my own. As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her. When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college. Once again I found that I differed from my peers（同龄人)：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own. While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.

One big thing I realized during my senior year，as my mom granted（允许） me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me. That means a lot. Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother. I knew she expected nothing but the best from me. Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards: getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.

I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important, like education，and made me who I am. I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life. Most of all I respect her. She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.

1.When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother________.

A. didn’t allow him to do so

B. wanted to go with him

C. worried about his safety

D. asked his grandmother for advice

2.Why did the author decide to move away for college?

A. He wanted to be different from his peers.

B. He planned to keep away from his mother.

C. He intended to make his mother unhappy.

D. He wanted to be independent

3.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the author’s mother________.

A. had a high expectation of him

B. cared little about his learning

C. used to expect nothing from him

D. was too strict with him

4.What does the author mainly want to tell us in the text?

A. His mother’s deep love for him

B. The importance of his mother’s trust and support

C. His long way to become independent

D. His good relationship with his mother

The World Health Organization(WHO)has made an appeal to scientists, drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together1.(develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria2.(be) able to resist3.(power) antibiotic（抗生素）drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all 12 have been given a special name:" superbug.”

The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human4. (healthy).It said they have5.ability to turn easily treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material6.helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.

Marie-Paule Kieny is the U.N.agency's assistant director-general. She said“antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out7.treatment options.”She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments. "If we leave it to market forces alone, the new antibiotics we most8.(urgent)need are not going to be developed in time," she said.

Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less of than the amount9.(require) by doctors. When this happens, infections that10.(treat) at one time easily become resistant.

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