题目内容
【题目】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese Herbal(草本的) Medicine
Genuine Chinese people have found thousands of plants and herbs associated with the 【1】(treat)of diseases, so herbal medicine is really 【2】large system. Doctors would analyze their nature or property such as “cold and hot” or “yin and yang”, use all sorts of raw 【3】(material), and mix them to cure disease. Thus it is also different from the western medicine.
About the classification, in the Compendium(纲)of Material Medical by Li Shizhen in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), there are 1892 types 【4】(record). Today we can 【5】(brief)divide them into roots, rhizome(根茎), leaf, flower, seeds, grass, vines(藤蔓), and so on.
Of course these raw(生的) herbs cannot be eaten when put before you; they need your own hand to prepare. 【6】 patients take is decoction(煎汁)of the herbs.
The quality is concerned 【7】 the decocting jar, quantity of water, and the frequency of decoction. Doctors suggest that water amount 【8】(control)according to the nature of absorbing. Because the herbs bought from the chemist’s are usually dry, most of 【9】 need to be immersed into the water for 1-3 hours before decocting. The effect after 2 or 3 times’ decoction is 【10】(good) than once. The mount patients will take is about 200-300 mi for children and 400-600 ml for adults.
【答案】
【1】treatment
【2】a
【3】materials
【4】recorded
【5】briefly
【6】What
【7】with
【8】be controlled
【9】them
【10】better
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中草药文化,包括它的分类和煎煮方法。
【1】
考查名词。句意:勤勉的中国人已经发现了数千种与治疗疾病有关的植物和草药,所以草药确实是一个庞大的系统。作(be) associated with的宾语用名词,表示抽象意义的“治疗”,为不可数或名词,故填treatment。
【2】
考查冠词。句意同上,system是可数名词,此处泛指“一个庞大的系统”,需要用不定冠词修饰,large的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
【3】
考查名词的数。句意:医生会分析它们的性质或属性,如“寒热”、“阴阳”,使用各种原材料,将它们混合在一起治疗疾病。表示“具体的材料”时,material是可数名词,此处表示不止一种材料,所以用复数形式,故填materials。
【4】
考查非谓语动词。句意:关于分类,唐朝(618-907)李时珍的《本草纲目》共记载1892种类型的草药,如今我们可以简单地把它们分为根、根茎、叶、花、种子、草、藤蔓等等。分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词,1892 types与record之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,故填recorded。
【5】
考查副词。句意同上,修饰动词短语divide into用副词,故填briefly。
【6】
考查主语从句。句意:病人服用的是中药煎剂。此处为主语从句,从句中的take缺少宾语,what引导主语从句,做宾语,故填What。
【7】
考查固定短语。句意:(中药煎剂的)质量与煎煮罐、加水量、煎煮次数有关。be concerned with表示“与……相干”,故填with。
【8】
考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:医生建议根据吸收水分的性质控制用水量。表示“建议”时,suggest后的宾语从句用(should)do的虚拟语气,其中should可省略,又因water amount与control之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,故填be controlled。
【9】
考查代词。句意:因为从药店买来的草药通常是干的,所以大多数草药需要在煎煮前在水中浸泡1到3个小时。前一分句中已经有了连词Because,因此此处不是非限定性定语从句,此处指代前面的复数名词herbs作介词of的宾语,故填them。
【10】
考查形容词比较级。句意:经两次或三次煎煮,效果优于一次煎煮。空后的“than”表明此处用形容词比较级形式,故填better。
【题目】请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。
The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect
We live in the age of envy. Career envy, kitchen envy, children envy, food envy, upper ay envy, holiday envy. You name it, there's an envy for it. Human beings have always felt what Aristotle defined in the 4th century BC as pain at the sight of another's good fortune, stirred by the feeling of 'those who have what we ought to have'.
But with social media, says Ethan Kross, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, 'envy is being taken to an extreme. ' We are constantly bombarded by 'photoshopped lives, ' he says, 'and that exerts a toll on us the likes of which we have never experienced in the history of our species. '
Clinical psychological Rachel Andrew says she is seeing more and more envy in her consulting room, from people who 'can't achieve the lifestyle they want but which they see others have. ' Our use of platforms including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, she says, amplifies (放大) this deeply disturbing psychological discord (失调), 'I think what social media has done is make everyone accessible for comparison, ' she explains. 'In the past, people might have just envied their neighbors, but now we can compare ourselves with everyone across the world. '
And those comparisons are now much less realistic. Andrew has observed among her patients that knowing they are looking at an edited version of reality is no defense against the emotional force of envy. 'What I notice is that most of us can intellectualize what we see on social media platforms—we know that these images and narratives that are presented aren't real, we can talk about it and rationalize it—but on an emotional level, it's still pushing buttons. If those images or narratives tap into what we aspire to, but what we don't have, then it becomes very powerful. '
According to Dryden, a cognitive behavioral therapist, when it comes to the kind of envy inspired by social media, there are two factors that make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的): low self-esteem and deprivation intolerance, which describes the experience of being unable to bear not getting what you want. To overcome this, he says, think about what you would teach a child. The aim is to develop a philosophy, a way of being in the world, which allows you to recognize when someone else has something that you want but don't have, and also to recognize that you can survive without it, and that not having it does not make you less worthy or less of a person.
We could also try to change the way we habitually use social media. Kross explains that most the time, People use Facebook passively and just idly, lazily reading instead of posting, messaging or commenting. 'That is interesting when you realize it is the passive usage that is supposed to be more harmful than the active. The links between passive usage and feeling worse are very robust—we have huge data sets involving tens of thousands of people, he says. While it is less clear how active usage affects well-being, there does seem to be a small positive link, he explains, between using Facebook to connect with others and feeling better.
Dryden differentiates between unhealthy envy and its healthy forms, which, he says, 'can be creative. ' Just as hunger tells us we need to eat, the feeling of envy, if we can listen to it in the right way, could show us what is missing from our lives that really matters to us, Kross explains. Andrew says, 'It is about naming it as an emotion, knowing how it feels, and then not interpreting it as a positive or a negative, but trying to understand what it is telling you that you want. If that is achievable, you could take proper steps towards achieving it. But at the same time, ask yourself, what would be good enough? '
The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect | |
Introduction | ●【1】 is the feeling that you wish you had something that someone else has. ● It was 【2】 by Aristotle as the pain of seeing another's good fortune, stirred by the feeling of 'those who have what we ought to have'. |
New problems with envy in the age of social media | ● Social media is taking envy to an extreme by making everyone accessible for 【3】. ● People are so much disturbed by envy that an increasing number of them have to consult doctors. ● Full knowledge of false comparisons still can't 【4】 people from envy, and those with low self-esteem and deprivation intolerance are more likely to fall 【5】. |
Possible ways to 【6】 the pain | ● Learn to recognize that it's 【7】 that someone else has something you want but don't have. ● Learn to recognize that without the thing you can still survive and you are still a useful person. ● Change the way we use social media from just passively reading to 【8】 posting, messaging or commenting. |
Conclusion | ● We should distinguish unhealthy envy from its healthy forms. ● When envy appears. 【9】 we can listen to it properly, it won't show us what really matters to us. ● We should take proper steps to feel and understand envy instead of 【10】 it arbitrarily. |