题目内容

13.Several weeks ago I was at a bus station in California waiting in line to buy a ticket.As I stood there I saw a little boy (61)begging (beg) people for money so that he could buy his breakfast.Most of the travelers simply ignored the little boy or gave him a dirty look,(62)but/yet a well-dressed middle-aged man reacted differently.When(63)approached (approach) by the little boy,the gentleman looked at him and  (64)quietly (quiet) asked,"How much will you need?"I could't hear what the little boy said but watched as the gentleman pulled several notes from his wallet and calmly placed(65)them in the little boy's hands.
I don't know(66)whether the little boy actually used the money for his breakfast or for other(67)purposes (purpose).What I do know is that I witnessed two different reactions(68)tothe same situation.I saw people who were either afraid or annoyed.And then I saw the gentleman who was not afraid and treated the homeless little boy as though he were a brother.I decided then and there that,even though we have to be(69)careful (care) in this world,I would rather I(70)behaved (behave) like the gentleman,choosing to trust what is beautiful.

分析 作者在加利福尼亚的一个公共汽车站排队买票时,看到一个小男孩向路人讨要买早饭的钱;大多数人都无视小男孩的存在或给他一个白眼,但是有一位穿着考究的中年男子从钱包里掏出几张钞票,然后放在了小男孩的手上;针对以上在同样的情况下作出的两种不同的反应,作者认为,无论这个小男孩是否真的是用这个钱去买他的早餐或是用作其他的用途,自己都愿意像那位绅士一样,选择信任美好的事物.

解答 答案:
61.begging   考查现在分词    由于此处用在感官动词saw之后,表示正在进行的动作;意为:当我站在那里时,我看见一个小男孩在向人们讨钱;故填现在分词begging
62.but/yet      考查连词     根据空缺处前后的句意可判断出,此处表示转折关系;意为:虽然大多数的游客根本无视小男孩的存在或给他一个白眼,但是一位穿着考究的中年男子的反应却有所不同;故填but/yet     
63.approached   考查过去分词   根据句意可知,此处的动词approach与其逻辑主语the gentleman 构成动宾关系;意为:当男孩靠近这位绅士的时候;故填过去分词approached 
64.quietly    考查副词     此处在句中修饰动词asked,故用副词quietly
65.them    考查人称代词的宾格形式    根据句意"这位绅士从钱包里掏出几张钞票,然后平静地把它们放在小男孩的手上"可知,这里用在动词placed之后作宾语,代指的是:several notes;故填人称代词的宾格形式them
66.whether    考查连词   本句的句意:我不知道这个小男孩是否真的用这个钱去买他的早餐或用作其他的用途;空缺处是"是否"的意思;故用连词whether
67.purposes    考查名词的单复数     根据句意可知,此处表示其他的一些用途;由于purpose是可数名词,故填purposes
68.to     考查固定短语    固定短语reaction to意为:对…的反应;本句的意思是:我所知道的是,我目睹了对于同样的情况作出的两种不同的反应;故填to
69.careful   考查形容词    此处用在系动词be之后,描述的是主语的状况,故用形容词careful
70.behaved    考查虚拟语气    此处用在would rather 之后,需要使用虚拟语气;意为:尽管我们在社会上要小心,但是我宁愿我表现得像那位绅士一样,选择信任美好的事物;根据"even though we have to be(69)(care) in this world"使用了一般现在时可知,后一句表达的应是作者将来的愿望;故用一般过去时behaved

点评 本题主要考查了各种语法在短文中的具体运用.做本题时,需要在正确理解短文的前提下,逐句分析句意以及所考查到的语法现象;因此在平时的学习中,应熟练掌握各种语法知识,其中包括词法,句法,各种时态语态以及虚拟语气等.

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8.Cowboy or spaceman?A dilemma for a children's party,perhaps.But also a question for economists,argued Kenneth Boulding,a British economist,in an essay published in 1966.We have run our economies,he warned,like cowboys on the open grassland:taking and using the world's resources,confident that more lies over the horizon.But the Earth is less a grassland than a spaceship-a closed system,alone in space,carrying limited supplies.We need,said Boulding,an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental limits.In the half century since his essay,a new movement has responded to his challenge."Ecological economists",as they call themselves,want to revolutionise its aims and assumptions.What do they say-and will their ideas achieve lift-off?
To its advocators,ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics,but a mix of both.Their starting point is to recognise that the human economy is part of the natural world.Our environment,they note,is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes.But it is ignored in conventional textbooks,where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms,households and the government as though nature did not exist.That is a mistake,say ecological economists.
There are two ways our economies can grow,ecological economists point out:through technological change,or through more intensive use of resources.Only the former,they say,is worth having.They are suspicious of GDP,a crude measure which does not take account of resource exhaustion,unpaid work,and countless other factors.In its place they advocate more holistic(全面的) approaches,such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI),a composite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution,deforestation and car accidents.While GDP has kept growing,global GPI per person peaked in 1978:by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer,not richer.The solution,says Herman Daly,a former World Bank economist and eco-guru,is a"steady-state"economy,where the use of materials and energy is held constant.
Mainstream economists are unimpressed.The GPI,they point out,is a subjective measure.And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus,a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted,wrongly,that overpopulation would lead to famine.Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems.But ecological economists warn against self-satisfaction.In 2009 a paper in Nature,a scientific journal,argued that human activity is already overstepping safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change.That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions,even if their answers turn out to be wrong.
 
73.Why does Boulding compare the way economy is run with cowboy and spaceship?D
A.To advocate the importance of space programs.
B.To applaud the appearance of ecological economists.
C.To arouse people's interest in cowboys'adventures on grassland.
D.To awaken people to the need of sustainable development of economy.
74.What does the underlined word"challenge"in paragraph 1 refer to?B
A.Sending a cowboy into space through a spaceship.
B.Establishing an economics taking environmental limits into account.
C.Revolutionizing the ecological economists'aims and assumptions.
D.Enabling ecological economists to make their ideas achieve lift-offs.
75.Ecological economists will disagree thatA.
A.economies are worth growing through intensive use of resources
B.economics should attach importance to the idea of environmental limits
C.ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics
D.the human economy is part of the natural world
76.According to the passage,which of the following about GPI is true?C
A.It keeps growing although the peak appeared in the year 1978.
B.Mainstream economists regard it as a holistic and objective approach.
C.Ecological economists believe it is a better indicator of economy than GDP.
D.It fails to take the factors such as deforestation and car accidents into consideration.
77.We can infer from the last paragraph that the mainstream economists'attitude toward ecological economics isA.
A.doubtful        B.sensitive          C.optimistic        D.over-concerned.
5.Researchers may have discovered a perfect material of dieting----low fat cake and cheese.
British researchers say they have created a protein (蛋白质) that fat perfectly.
The proteins will enable food producers to remove much of the fat used in their products but without reducing product quality.
Funded by team from University of Edinburgh,the researchers have produced the modified (调整了的) proteins that easily break down and therefore work nearly the same as the fats do during food production.
"We've paved the way for the development of modified proteins that can be used to produce a wider ranger of appealing low-fat foods,"said Dr.Steve Euston,who led the research.
"The result could be important for health benefits,as well as a reduction in the burden on the National Health Service (NHS) caused by many weight-related health problems."
Protein-for-fat substitution (替代品) is not a completely new idea,but to date it has been limited to products such as yogurts.
In cheeses and cakes it has proved less successful in ensuring the original taste and texture fundamental to consumer satisfaction,mainly because proteins could not mimic the behavior of fats closely enough.
By studying the proteins'chemical structure,the team has developed a detailed understanding of how proteins behave when they are heated or go through other food producing processes.
The proteins could encourage development of a wider choice of low-fat foods,helping consumers to eat more healthily and reducing weight-related health problems.
The team has achieved particularly promising results in using proteins to replace eggs,which is commonly used in bakery items.
Such substitution not only cuts fat content; because eggs can be subject to sharp changes in price,it could also cut the cost products and so encourage consumers to eat more healthily.

47.What can we learn from the passage?A
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B.the research team is funded by food producers.
C.Protein for fat substitution is a completely new idea.
D.Products of modified proteins have been put on sale.
48.The underlined word"mimic"meansD
A.reduces 
B.makes 
C.removes 
D.imitates
49.These new proteins work nearly the same as the fats do becauseB.
A.they will cut fat content easily 
B.they will break down easily
C.their products are cheaper and healthier 
D.they ensure the original taste and texture.
50.Which of the following is best title?A
A.A Special Protein 
B.How Proteins Work
C.Cut down the Food Cost 
D.A special Research Team.
12.For years,there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家).In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science,psychologists led by Timothy B.Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to"provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness"and"give more weight to their personal experiences than to science."As a result,patients have no guarantee that their"treatment will be informed by …science."Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment."The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,"he told me,and"there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science."
The"widening"reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (确认) the most effective treatments.Thanks to strict clinical trials,we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new,healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression,panic disorder and other problems,with multiple trials showing that these treatments-the tools of psychology-bring more lasting benefits than drugs.
You wouldn't know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist.Although many treatments are effective,relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.
Why in the world not?For one thing,says Baker,clinical psychologists are"very doubtful about the role of science"and"lack solid science training".Also,one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have,"and psychologists remember these successes,believing,wrongly,that they are the result of the treatment."
When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science,clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works.A 2008study of 591psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues'experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient.If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine,warns Mischel,psychology will"discredit (损伤名誉)itself."
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12WORDS)

78.Clinical psychologists can't explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they rely ontheir personal experience.
79.What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?The great progress in psychological research
80.According to Baker,what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment?Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training
81.To avoid discrediting psychology,clinical psychologists need tosupport their treatment with science.
9.As the pace of life continues to increase,we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life,being on the go from morning till night,it is hard to slow down.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.In fact,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand (经得起) depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities.Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically.In fact we make a choice between"fight"or"flight"and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response.It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.

31.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves becauseA.
A.they are becoming busier with their work
B.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
C.they are traveling fast all the time
D.they do not know how to enjoy themselves
32.According to the writer,the most important character for a good manager is hisD.
A.having control over performance      
B.knowing the art of relaxation
C.high sense of responsibility          
D.not fearing stress
33.Which of the following statements is true?B
A.We can find some ways to avoid stress.
B.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress.
C.It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D.Stress is always harmful to people.
34.In Paragraph 3,"such a reaction"refers back toC.
A.making a choice between‘flight'or‘fight'
B.responding to crises quickly
C.reaction to stress both chemically and physically
D.losing heart at the sight of difficulties
35.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so"refers toD.
A.expose ourselves to stress
B.find ways to deal with stress
C.established links between diseases and stress
D.remove stress from our lives.
10.Experts from nearly 200 countries have spent the past two weeks in Warsaw,Poland.More than 9,000 representatives gathered for a United Nations conference on climate change.Organizers called the meeting to work toward a treaty(条约)to fight rising temperatures on our planet.The treaty would be signed in 2015 and take effect after 2020.
    In the United States,the Environmental Protection Agency is leading government efforts to fight climate change.The agency just ended a series of public hearings across the country.The EPA was seeking comments as it considers tightening clean air rules for coal burning power plants.
    David Doniger is a climate policy expert.He says it is the duty of the EPA to control carbon as a pollutant.He wants the agency to establish new rules that would move the United States toward a cleaner energy environment.
"No one is coming up with standards that would knock out all those power plants.We're   talking about a shift from the dirtier ones to the cleaner ones,and from all those fossil fuel-powered ones towards renewable and even nuclear sources of energy."
    He says the government is responsible for protecting clean air,not protecting old and dirty  power stations.He says,"That's the only way that we can continue to have the way of life we want without running into the wall on climate change impacts,which in turn will destroy the quality of life we have."
    The EPA is now considering comments from the nationwide hearings.The agency plans to announce proposed rule changes in June.
60.The United Nations conference was held toA
A.gather opinions from the representatives     
B.make plans for nearly 200 countries
C.deal with the warming climate                
D.call for protection of wildlife
61.What action will the EPA take to fight climate change?B
A.Make more strict rules to limit coal power plants.
B.Develop more nuclear sources of energy.
C.Accept the opinions of the Americans.
D.Close those power plants which pollute the air most.
62.The underlined phrase"knock out"in Paragraph 4 has the same meaning asC.
    A.blow up          B.shut down       C.break up          D.move away
63.Who is responsible for the protection of the clean air in David Doniger's opinion?C
A.The public
B.The EPA.
C.The government
D.The United Nations.
64.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the EPAA
A.values public opinions greatly              
B.ignores the public comments
C.will cancel the former laws             
D.will announce the list of dirty plants.

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