In science.people copy ideas from nature or natural processes to solve problems or to create products which will serve a specific purpose to help us．This is called biomimicry and its influence can be 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

9．In science，people copy ideas from nature or natural processes to solve problems or to create products which will serve a specific purpose to help us．This is called biomimicry and its influence can be seen in many everyday products．
We are all familiar with Velcro（魔术贴）．It was invented in 1941by a Swiss engineer called George de Medtral，who found some seeds stuck to his dog's hair．Under the microscope，he discovered that these seeds had hooks（钩） on them，so they could easily stick to clothing or hair．He copied this idea and invented Velcro．It was initially unpopular with fashion companies but after it was used by NASA（美国国家航空航天局）to stop items floating in space，it became popular with children'clothing companies．
More recently，swimwear has also been influenced by nature．The Speed to Fastskin，a controversial swimsuit，was seen at the Beijing Olympics and worn by 28of the 33gold medal winners．The technology is based on the rough patterns on a shark's skin，which allows the shark to swim faster．Shark skin also stop bacteria growing on it，so scientists are copying this surface to design cleaner hospitals．
For NASA，protecting astronauts'eyes from the sun's rays and other dangerous radiation is very important．Scients studied how eagles see things clearly．They discovered that a substance called yellow oil in their eyes does the trick．NASA copied this oil and it is now used by astronauts and pilots in Eagle Eyeglasses．In addition to protecting eyes from all the dangerous rays，these sunglasses also help people see more clearly in even poor weather conditions such as fog．
It appears that influence of biomimicry is unlimited，so it will be interesting to see what solutions nature provides us with in the future．
28．George de Mestral invented VelcroC．
A．to challenge fashion companies
B．after he studied his dog's hair
C．after he examined some seeds
D．to satisfy NASA's demand
29．At the Beijing Olympics，the Speedo Fastskin swimsuitA．
A．helped swimmers perform better
B．was recommended by champions
C．received widespread approval
D．made swimmers healthier
30．What make eagles see clearly？D
A．The size of their eyes
B．The shape of their eyes
C．The colour of their eyes
D．The substance of their eyes
31．What's the best title for the text？B
A．The future of biomimicry
B．The magic of biomimicry
C．The purpose of biomimicry
D．The limitation of biomimicry．

分析本文是说明文．文章介绍了仿生学应用的三个例子．

解答 32．C．细节理解题．根据第二段中的UBderthe microscope，he discovered that these seeds had hooks on them，so they could easily stick to qothi^or hair．He copied this idea and invented Velcro？可知，George de Mestra在研宄了一些植物的种子后获取灵感，发明了魔术贴，故选C．
33．A．推理判断题．根据第三段中的TheSpeedo Fastskin% a controversial swimsuit，was seen at the Beijing Olympics and worn by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners．The technology is based on the rough patterns on a shark's skin，which allows the shark to swim faster 可知，璧鱼皮的纹理使鲨鱼游得更快．由此可推测，运动员穿着模拟了该纹理的泳衣也应该能游得更快，33名游泳冠军有28名穿着该泳衣也能说明这一点，故选A．
34．D．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段中的 Scientists studied how eagles see things clearly．They discovered that a substance called yellow oil in their eyes does the trick 可知，鹰眼睛里一种叫黄油的物质让它们有敏锐的视力，故选D．
35．B．标题归纳题．文章介绍了仿生学应用的三个例子，通过这几个例子我们可以看出，仿生学的应用就像魔法一样，能解决我们碰到的问题或启发人们设计出满足某种需求的产品．故选B．

点评考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

练习册系列答案

14．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请您修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共
有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜钱（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只充许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分．
When I was in high school，most of my friend had bicycles．I hoped I could also have it．One
day I saw  a  second-hand bicycle，that  was only one  hundred  yuan．I asked my father the money．
But he said  he could  only  give me  half of  the money．He should find the other half myself．So I
went  to  sell newspapers  after  the  school．My  father  was  pleased．If  I  showed  him  the  money  a
month  after，he  gives me the other fifty．You  can  imagine  how much  happy  I was when I  rode  to
school on my own bicycle．

1.The town has changed beyond __________(认出) since I was last here.

2.He lost his __________（胃口，食欲） because of his sorrow.

3.He entered the room without teacher’s __________(允许).

4.Please come at your __________(方便), and you will be welcome.

5.Most __________(申请人) know they have little chance of getting a visa.

6.Necessity is the mother of __________(发明).

7.My eyes slowly grew __________(适应，习惯) to the dark.

8.Envy is a __________(普遍的，全体的) weakness of people.

9.I __________(赞同) of your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your study.

10.The pattern of injuries is __________(一致的，吻合的) with an attack with a knife.

11.It seemed as if battle against racial __________(歧视) was being won.

12.His casual clothes were not __________（适合的，恰当的）for such a formal occasion.

13.He was a __________(代表) of Russia to the UN.

14.A rare snowstorm __________(横扫，扫过) across the region yesterday.

15.Without her timely assistance, we would never have won the __________(竞争，竞赛).

4．I am an English dictionary．I can still remember the day my ex-owner bought me．He had stood in front of the shelf for around half an hour before finally picking me．Originally，he chose my neighbor．But because she had some ink on the cover，he put her down and chose me instead．
I may sound arrogant （傲慢的）．But please forgive me．I am so proud of my vocabulary．With 100，000entries and 300，000examples，I think no scholar can be more knowledgeable than me．My only weakness is that I can't speak．But that is not my fault．I was not designed to speak in the first place．My ex-owner was supposed to read the phonetic symbols （音标） clearly printed beside each word，which were also my selling point．I should have been respected but have ended up lying next to a piece of used toilet paper inside the rubbish bin．
It is all because of the electronic dictionary．He is the bad guy because he takes advantage of my one weakness．And I just don't understand why he can be so slim．He also has about 100，000entries but 450，000examples!But I know this was not the reason why my ex-owner was attracted，for he was not a very diligent （勤奋的） student and seldom read the examples listed．The main reason was that the bad guy had so many games in him．My ex-owner always pretended to be working hard while actually he was playing games．
My ex-owner put me on his bookshelf because of my awesome English name"Advanced English Dictionary"．He wanted people to think that he was an advanced learner．I wanted to tell him that it would be better if he hid the comic books standing next to me．But，you know，I can't speak．I stood there for years．I was so bored．So I talked to the comic book next to me．Under normal circumstances，I wouldn't have talked to him because I was educated and he was not．But who else could I choose？He told me that my ex-owner had read him once only and then put him there．I was upset because he had never read me from page one to page 1，000．Was I not a better book than the comic book？I wanted to challenge his honesty but before I did so，he was thrown away．
I give up．My pages are absorbing waste water．There is no way people will use me again．Suddenly，I want to talk to the comic book．Would he talk to me if we met？

4．Why does the dictionary think that the electronic dictionary is the"bad guy"？C
A．I t contains more words and examples．
C．It has a smaller size．
B．It can actually pronounce the words
D．It has many games．
5．The dictionary thinks that its ex-owner put it on the bookshelf because heC．
A．thought that it could match the comic books
C．just wanted to show off
B．wanted his friends to study English
D．had to use it sometimes
6．What was the dictionary's attitude toward the comic book standing next to it？C
A．It wanted to make friends with him．
B．It respected him．
C．It envied him．
D．It hated him．
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text？D
A．A Dictionary Is Replaced with an Electronic One
B．Students Seldom Use Dictionaries
C．A Dictionary and a Comic Book
D．The Experience of a Dictionary．

14．It was a mirrordesigned（设计） in the Song Dynasty．

20．He used todownload（下载） information from the Internet and made good use of it．

17．Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance．It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected，When alcohol is consumed，it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant （抑制药），damaging eyesight，judgment and co-ordination （协调），slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents．Even below the drink driving link，driving well be affected．
Alc ohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain．Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice．To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee．
The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is：
●50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood；or
●22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml of breath；or
●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of urine（尿液）
Drivers who cause traffic accidents，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested．
Any drive found drinking beyond the limit will be charged．The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK25，000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points； or temporarily banned from driving．
The same punishment applices to failing to provide speciments（本） far breath，blood or urine tests without good excuse．
Drink driving is a criminal offebce．Be a responsible，driver，think before you drink．For the safety of yourself and other road users，never drive after consuming alcohol．
13．The first paragraph is mainly aboutC．
A．the introductions of driving skills
B．the process of alcohol being absorbed
C．the effect of drinking on driving
D．the dangaga of drinking to your body
14．The underlined word"it"in the second paragraph refers to"C"．
A．alcohol
B．absorption
C．process
D．blood
15．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？C
A．Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving．
B．Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body
C..Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice．
D.50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink limit．

B vitamins（维生素）may offer some protection against the effect of air pollution,a new study suggests.

The scientists say the effect is real but stress the limitations of their work.Follow-up studies are urgently needed, they say,in heavily polluted cities like Mexico.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO),over 90% of the world's population live in heavily-polluted areas.The one of the pollutants that is considered the most dangerous is very fine particulate matter, referred to as PM2.5.At around 1/30 the width of a human hair,PM2.5 can go deep into the human lung and contribute to lung and heart health problems in the young and old.

Scientists have long suspected that PM2.5 causes what are termed epigenetic（表观遗传）changes in our cells that can damage our health.Now in this new human trial,an international team of scientists wanted to see if exposure to concentrations of PM2.5 could be mitigated by daily B vitamins.

Ten volunteers were tested initially exposed to clean air and their basic responses were measured.The same volunteers were later tested with large doses（剂量）of B vitamins while exposed to air containing high levels of PM2.5.The researchers found that a four-week B vitamin intake limited the PM2.5 effect by between 28-76% at ten gene locations.They found a similar reduction in effect on the mitochondrial DNA,the parts of cells that produce energy.

However,the researchers caution that their study,while observing a real effect,has limitations.As well as the small number of participants,there was little information on the size of the B vitamin dose that caused the response.

1.What is the main idea of the text?

A. B vitamins may fight against PM2.5.

B. PM2.5 can lead to epigenetic changes.

C. Further studies should be done on PM2.5.

D. Exposure to PM2.5 is more and more serious.

2.Which can replace the underlined word "mitigated" in Paragraph 4?

A. measured B. ignored

C. reduced D. observed

3.How many limitations does the text mention about the new study?

A. 2. B. 3.

C. 4. D. 5.

4.How does the writer of the text like the new study?

A. He believes it deeply. B. He criticizes it strongly.

C. He thinks it needs testing again. D. He shows no opinion about it.

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