题目内容

5.A hundred years ago on Monday,a once-mighty species became extinct.At the Cincinnati Zoo,a passenger pigeon named Martha died at the age of 29.
It was a quiet end to a noisy species.As recently as the mid-1800s,billions of passenger pigeons swarmed across the eastern half of the United States.But they proved no match for humans,whose rapidly advancing technology drove the birds to extinction in a matter of decades.Other species were also spiraling toward extinction in the late 1800s,but the destruction of the passenger pigeon happened on full public display."It became the icon (标志) of extinction."
A hundred years later,the passenger pigeon remains iconic.In 2012,a group of scientists launched a project now named the Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback to create cloned passenger pigeons-or at least birds genetically engineered to have passenger pigeon features.Two years later,project scientists are still hard at work.But they can't say when-or even if-the bird will fly again.
Nor has anyone ever cloned a bird,so every step in the plan will take the project scientists into unknown scientific territory to give rise to a passenger pigeon.Extracting an undamaged passenger pigeon gene from museum specimens (样本) seems impossible.Novak and his colleagues are hoping to reconstruct the gene of the band-tailed pigeons,the closest living relatives of passenger pigeons,which live in the western United States.
Even if the scientists end up with some passenger pigeon chicks in a few years,they will still be a long way from successfully reestablishing the species.However,people today can learn many lessons in its disappearance and apply it to protecting threatened species today

28.The underlined word"spiraling"in the second paragraph meansB.
A.circling at a lower speed                  
B.declining sharply
B.marching forward fast                    
D.increasing gradually
29.The project Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback is intended toD.
A,reintroduce passenger pigeons to America
B.experiment with cloning technology
C.protect the endangered band-tailed pigeons
D.recreate an extinct bird species
30.Which of the following are the difficulties of carrying out the project?C
a.They couldn't find an undamaged gene of the species.
b.Cloning a bird is a completely new thing.
c.The museum refused to provide the sample of the bird.
d.They can't get the closest relative of the passenger pigeon.
e.There is no previous experience to rely on.
A.a,b,c       
B.b,c,d        
C.a,b,e          
D.c,d,e
31.What does the author think of the efforts the scientists are making?A
A.It is well worth having such a try.
B.They can hardly achieve their goal.
C.They are only steps away from success.
D.It is meaningless for the species protection.

分析 本文主要讲述了一百年前因为科技的迅速发展,导致了旅鸽和其他物种的灭绝,现在科学家们正在研究如何克隆已经灭绝的旅鸽.由于以前从来没有克隆鸟类的先例,所以这是一个全新的实验,没有任何经验可以借鉴,因此克隆的这条路还很长.然而今天的人们可以从中得到教训,并把它应用于保护濒危物种.

解答 28.B 词义猜测题.根据第二段But they proved no match for humans,whose rapidly advancing technology drove the birds to extinction in a matter of decades.可知迅速发展的技术使鸟类濒临灭亡.而这个词前面的"also"表明其它物种也是如此,所以这个词的意思是"数量骤减",故选B.
29.D 细节理解题.根据第三段In 2012,a group of scientists launched a project now named the Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback to create cloned passenger pigeons-or at least birds genetically engineered to have passenger pigeon features.可知他们的目的是为了克隆已经灭绝的旅鸽,故选D.
30.C 细节理解题.根据第四段Nor has anyone ever cloned a bird,so every step in the plan will take the project scientists into unknown scientific territory to give rise to a passenger pigeon.Extracting an undamaged passenger pigeon gene from museum specimens (样本) seems impossible.可知以前从来没有克隆鸟类的先例,所以这是一个全新的实验,没有任何经验可以借鉴,而且他们也无法从博物馆的样本中提取完整的基因,故选C.
31.A 推理判断题.根据最后一段However,people today can learn many lessons in its disappearance and apply it to protecting threatened species today.可知人们可以从旅鸽的灭绝中得到教训,并把它应用于保护濒危物种,所以这个实验是值得的,故选A.

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.

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A.One. 
B.Two. 
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A.They should probably reduce their training time by 50%.
B.They should stop exercising until they recover.
C.They should start exercising at 50% after their runny nose settles.
D.They should do half of what they normally do.
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A.Worsening the illness. 
B.Prolonging the illness.
C.Affecting the heart.  
D.Bringing about threat to life.
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A.Zinc and Vitamin C can help to prevent colds.
B.The more exercises we do,the stronger our immune function will be.
C.Doing exercises regularly can help us prevent colds.
D.Excellent athletes seldom get coughs or sniffles.
45.What is this passage mainly aboutA?
A.Relationship between exercises and flu. 
B.How to do exercises.
C.How to cope with flu. 
D.When to do exercises.
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31.What does the underlined phrase"embark on"refer to?D
A.land on         
B.resign      
C.keep in touch with   
D.be occupied in
32.According to the researchers,a child born in March is likely to becomeA.
A.a pilot        
B.a dentist  
C.a debt collector   
D.an artist
33.We can learn from the text thatD.
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B.People born in the summer months are more likely to get highly paid
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D.Spring babies may have the bigger chance to get ill
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B.There exist connections between birth date and occupations
C.People born in Autumn would be more successful than those born in  Spring
D.The time of year one is born decides which specific health problems one has
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32.What was done to the subjects alter Dr.Small's study?C
A.They were asked to take a high-level flavones drink
B  They were given capsules containing flavones
C  They were given brain imaging and memory tests
D  They were asked to take two pills of flavones capsules per day
33.What's the similarity of the 2experiments?D
A Both use high-level flavones capsules
B The number of the subjects is the same
C Drinks and placebos are used in both experiments
D The subjects are divided into two groups in both experiments
34.Why will Dr.Manson carry out the four-year study?B
A To prove the first experiment is wrong
B To carry out the experiment further
C To test how much flavones can improve our memory.
D To show eating chocolate is better to improve memory.
35.What can we learn from the last paragraph?C
A It's not necessary for us to eat chocolate
B The more we eat flavones,the better our health will be
C In the future we can get flavones without eating chocolate
D  It's easy for people to get the same level of flavones given to the test subjects.
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"And it's come to a headin the last year or two.From our southern island in the evening you can see on the horizon just dotted lights of these illegal fishermen that come into our waters,fill their ships with our fish,our resources,our food security…"

41.According to the estimation,what is the percentage of illegal fishing?D
A.1%        B.5%        C.23.5%         D.20%
42.The information is collected by the Pew team so as toD.
A.leave written records for the country only
B.help fishermen to catch more fish on the Seas
C.prevent all of the fishing practices on the Seas
D.assist port officials in deciding whether to ban a ship from fishing
43.What does the underlined word"they"in Paragraph 5refer to?A
A.The clear lists.
B.The investigators.
C.The fishing boats.
D.The Project Eyes.
44.Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?A
A.The issue is urgent.
B.The problem begins to appear.
C.The number of fishermen is increasing.
D.The head of the fishermen is coming.
45.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?C
A.When the fishermen turn off the AIS,the inspector will know the situation.
B.The special adviser to the president of Palau leads the Ending Illegal Fishing program.
C.The new technology contributes to solving the problem of illegal fishing.
D.Commercial fishing is permitted in Palau.
17.With the development of society,the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before.However,every coin has two sides.Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse,according to the statistics.I feel there are a number of reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy,fatty foods,such as fried chicken and ice cream,at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree to this,because good eating habits begin early in life,long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food,or are always allowed to choose what they eat,they will go for sweet and salty foods every time,and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home,they sit in front of the television or their computers.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime(消遣),it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem,and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active,as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
50.What is suggested by the author to deal with"overweight"?C
A.Blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods.
B.Asking young children to walk to school every day.
C.Living an active life and removing bad eating habits.
D.Not watching TV or playing computer games after school.
51.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?B

52.The author writes the passage toC
A.show people a social problem          
B.provide facts for government
C.advise solutions to a problem           
D.compare opinions with people
53.The underlined word"diversified"in the first paragraph most probably meansA
A.various       B.difficult         C.expensive          D.available.
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The Gut-Mood Link
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One recent experiment suggests that you can control calm.Canadian researchers gave healthy mice a mixture of antibiotics,which change the makeup of GI-tract(胃肠道)bacteria.Over two weeks,some animals became more anxious and some less,depending on which drugs they received.
In another study,when gut bacteria from calm mice were transferred to anxious mice,the jittery(紧张的)creatures seemed less nervous.
UCLA professor Kirsten Tillisch,doctor of medicine,recently had healthy women eat a yogurt rich in certain types of"good"probiotic(益生菌的)bacteria.Two'Control groups ate yogurt without such bacteria or ate nothing.Brain scans of the probiotic-yogurt eaters indicated changes in regions that could be associated with a less-anxious response in fearful or stressful situations compared with the control groups.
Scientists are even exploring whether gut microbes(微生物)might treat some brain disorders.
A new study in Cell found that mice with features of autism(自ICJ症)given a type of bacteria in healthy human GI tracts exhibited less autism-like behavior.In a recent case report,a Boston ps} chiatrist says a course of certain probiotics and antibiotics helped relieve a patient's compulsive disorder.
-We tend to focus on how your mood affects your body from the top down,not the bottom up,"says Dr.Tillisch."Now we know that the gut affects how your brain responds to the environment-it's a remarkable change in thinking."
How Bacteria Talk to the Brain
Scientists aren't sure how gut flora affect brain chemistry.One theory is that the bacteria access pathways along the nerve,the main highway in the nervous system that links the brain to the gut.
Another is that the bacteria influence the immune system,releasing chemicals that affect conditions like depression.Finally,researchers believe that bacteria produce or affect the metabolism(新陈代'i) of chemicals,which change brain function.
Dr.Tillisch told me that patients always ask which probiotics will lift their mood.Her answer:
"We don't know yet,but we hope to one day."In the future,patients might receive probiotics or transplant(移植) in which bacteria from the gut of a healthy person are transferred to the gut of a sic':one-to prevent or treat mental health issues.But these approaches are years away from primary time.Until then,a diet rich in fruit and veggies helps cultivate(培养)better-balanced microbes than a typical Western diet high in animal and processed products.Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics,particularly in early childhood,may also establish healthier gut bacteria.

63.According to the passage,gut bacteria might help us in many ways EXCEPTD.
A.lightening our mood 
B.treating autism
C.relieving depression 
D.transplanting gut flora
64.The missing sentence"Everyday foods may also affect the composition of gut bacteria,and in turn,brain chemistry."could be put beforeC•
A.Paragraph 2   B.Paragraph 3   C.Paragraph 4   D.Paragraph 5
65.Which of the following can be the best subtitle for the last paragraph?A
A.Cultivating a Happier Gut B.Growing Bacteria in the Future
C.Balancing Microbes and Diet D.Living a Happy Healthy Life.
7.Climate change could affect food supplies,water resources,human health and homes.
If greenhouse gas emissions keep increasing at the current rate,global temperature is expected to rise between 2°C and 6°C by 2100.This doesn't sound much,but a 5°C change is the difference between the current warm period and an ice age.
Global warming leads to other changes in the climate:melting ice,more evaporation(蒸发),changes in geographical patterns of rainfall,heavier downpours separated by longer dry spells,more frequent heat waves,more intense hurricanes,and sea level rise.
These changes could affect crop growth as drought,increased evaporation and shrinking glaciers(冰川)disrupt water supply.Some crops could suffer heat stress.While there may be benefits in some regions,overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies.The impacts of climate change on agriculture will vary widely around the world.A global temperature rise of 1-2°C is expected to increase food production in some regions,particularly mid-latitude areas.But in tropical regions even a small amount of warming could reduce crop yields.A temperature rise of 3°C or more could threaten global food resources,as all regions are likely to experience negative impacts overall.
Freshwater resources could also diminish,especially in tropical regions,as rain patterns change and evaporation speeds up.Some communities could lose essential melt water as glaciers disappear,while more intense rainfall and hurricanes could cause more flooding,leading to water pollution and bacterial diseases such as cholera(霍乱)becoming more widespread.
Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts-both positive and negative.On the negative side,scientists anticipate more cases of malnutrition,heatstroke and waterborne diseases such as cholera.Although some populations will benefit from a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia,overall a warming world is likely to have negative effects on human health.
Scientists also expect damage to homes and buildings from more intense hurricanes,heavier rainfall and rising sea levels.Climate change is likely to affect infrastructure by increasing the risk of both coastal and inland flooding around the world,owing to a combination of heavier rainfall,rising sea levels and increased storm damage.Homes and buildings could also be affected by the thawing of frozen ground and greater risk of forest fires.
The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world.

67.With global temperature increased by 1-2°C,D.
A.crops yields could be increased in tropical regions
B.food production could rise throughout the world
C.chances are that food resources would be threatened overall
D.mid-latitude areas are likely to experience positive impacts
68.The underlined word"hypothermia"in Paragraph 6 possibly means a serious medical condition caused byA.
A.lower temperature than normal       
B.higher temperature than normal
C.more cases of malnutrition               
D.cases of waterborne diseases
69.According to the passage,climate change has both positive and negative effects onC.
A.food supplies and buildings         
B.freshwater resources and homes
C.human health and food supplies      
D.human health and homes
70.The passage is mainly meant to tell usB.
A.how global warming leads to changes in the climate
B.how climate change affects people worldwide 
C.why climate change affects our crop growth
D.why climate change contributes to all bad results.

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