题目内容

10.Experts estimate that one out of every five fish sold was caught illegally.It threatens(威胁) food security and hurts the environment.Officials are using new observational technology to fight illegal fishing.
"Thank you for taking the time to join us here in Harwell (UK) in the Operations Center to what we call‘Project Eyes on the Seas.'"says Tony Long,who leads the Ending Illegal Fishing program for Pew Charitable Trusts.The group created Project Eyes on the Seas.Large three-dimensional images of a globe can be seen on a video.
"It looks different from what you might expect because this globe only shows you the boats that are coming into this system from a live automated information system or AIS."
The screen shows 120,000fishing boats have AIS.They are required to have the technology.But those who are fishing illegally often turn it off.The technology does not tell observers when that happens.Project Eyes on the Seas combines satellite information with secret government records on every ship's past activities.
Mr.Long says that permits researchers to understand exactly where the fishing boats are operating.The Pew team gives the information it gathers to port officials to help them decide if they should take action against a ship.Tony Long says he would like to be able to provide port officials all over the world with clear lists.They would inform the officials about ships to inspect,ships to bar from entrance,and ships to permit entrance for trade activities.
The Pacific island nation of Palau was an early user of the technology.Palau has one of the richest fishing areas in the world.Last year,it announced a plan to ban commercial fishing in a 630,000square kilometer area.K.B.Sakuma is a special adviser to the president of Palau.He says Palau is trying to deal with a recent increase in illegal,unsupervised(无人监管的)and unreported fishing.
"And it's come to a headin the last year or two.From our southern island in the evening you can see on the horizon just dotted lights of these illegal fishermen that come into our waters,fill their ships with our fish,our resources,our food security…"

41.According to the estimation,what is the percentage of illegal fishing?D
A.1%        B.5%        C.23.5%         D.20%
42.The information is collected by the Pew team so as toD.
A.leave written records for the country only
B.help fishermen to catch more fish on the Seas
C.prevent all of the fishing practices on the Seas
D.assist port officials in deciding whether to ban a ship from fishing
43.What does the underlined word"they"in Paragraph 5refer to?A
A.The clear lists.
B.The investigators.
C.The fishing boats.
D.The Project Eyes.
44.Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?A
A.The issue is urgent.
B.The problem begins to appear.
C.The number of fishermen is increasing.
D.The head of the fishermen is coming.
45.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?C
A.When the fishermen turn off the AIS,the inspector will know the situation.
B.The special adviser to the president of Palau leads the Ending Illegal Fishing program.
C.The new technology contributes to solving the problem of illegal fishing.
D.Commercial fishing is permitted in Palau.

分析 本文主要讲述了非法捕鱼威胁食品安全和伤害自然环境,但售卖的鱼中有五分之一源于非法捕捞,因此官员们正在利用新的观测技术,打击非法捕鱼,保护海洋环境.

解答 41.D 推断理解题.根据第一段Experts estimate that one out of every five fish sold was caught illegally.可知售卖的鱼中有五分之一源于非法捕捞,故选D.
42.D 细节推断题.根据第五段The Pew team gives the information it gathers to port officials to help them decide if they should take action against a ship.可知这个团队将他们收集到的信息提供给港口官员,帮他们决定是否需要对船只采取行动,故选D.
43.A 推断理解题.根据第五段Tony Long says he would like to be able to provide port officials all over the world with clear lists.They would inform the officials about ships to inspect,ships to bar from entrance,and ships to permit entrance for trade activities.可知Tony Long希望能够提供给港口官员一份清晰的名单,这个名单会告知官员们船只的各项信息,故选A.
44.A 推断理解题.根据最后一段"And it's come to a headin the last year or two.From our southern island in the evening you can see on the horizon just dotted lights of these illegal fishermen that come into our waters,fill their ships with our fish,our resources,our food security…"可知在过去一两年里非法捕鱼达到了顶峰,在夜晚从我们岛屿南部就能看到地平线到处是进入我们水域的非法渔民的灯光.他们用我们的鱼,用我们的资源装满了他们的船舱,由此得知形势非常严峻,故选A.
45.C 推断理解题.根据第一段Officials are using new observational technology to fight illegal fishing.可知官员们开始用新的监测技术来打击非法捕鱼,由此说明新技术有助于解决非法捕捞问题,故选C.

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力,抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,根据已知的结果推测导致结果的可能原因.

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1.Some people think if you are happy,you are blind to reality.But when we research it,happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain.How did we miss this?Why do we have these social misunderstandings about happiness?Because we assumed you were average.When we study people,scientists are often interested in what the average is.
Many people think happiness is genetic.That's only half the story,because the average person does not fight their genes.When we stop studying the average and begin researching positive outliers-people who are above average for a positive aspect like optimism or intelligence-a wildly different picture appears.Our daily decisions and habits have a huge impact upon both our levels of happiness and success.
Scientifically,happiness is a choice.It is a choice about where your single processor brain will devote its limited resources as you process the world.If you scan for the negative first,your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work.But if you scan the world for the positive,you start to acquire an amazing advantage.
I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on"Happiness Leads to Profits."Based on my article called"Positive Intelligence"and my research in The Happiness Advantage,I summarized our researched conclusion:the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce.
A decade of research in the business world proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome:increasing sales by 37%,productivity by 31%,and accuracy on tasks by 19%,as well as a number of health and quality-of-life improvements.
25.The underlined word"this"in the first paragraph refers toB.
A.the fact that people are happy
B.the connection between happiness and educational outcome
C.the fact that people often misunderstand happiness
D.the fact that most people are average
26.What can we learn from the passage?B
A.Scientists are only interested in what the average is.
B.You can choose to be happy or not.
C.The average are not happy at all.
D.Our decisions and habits have nothing to do with happiness.
27.Why does the writer mention his articles and research?C
A.To advertise himself.
B.To arouse the readers'interest.
C.To support his point about happiness.
D.To attract the readers to read his articles.
28.What is the author's purpose of writing this article?D
A.To explain what is happiness.
B.To describe the misunderstandings about happiness.
C.To show people the importance of happiness.
D.To make the point that happiness promotes business and educational outcome.
18.Four years ago,a lobster(龙虾)fisherman,Gary Nichols,had never seen a lionfish,but today his traps are full of them.He catches so many lionfish now that he's started to sell them.While his lobsters sell for 16perkilogram,lionfish only make him﹩12.Lionfish are causing a great concern on his business and the commercial fishing industry in Florida,threatening other fish populations-in some cases reducing them by up to 90%.
Lionfish are native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans,but were accidentally introduced into Atlantic and Caribbean waters during the 1990s.With no natural enemies in the Atlantic and an ability to reproduce year-round,plus the favorable environment,their numbers have been rising in recent years.
Not only are lionfish causing losses to lobster fishermen like Nichols,they are also threatening the balance of the fragile ecosystem.
"Lionfish are eating almost anything that fits in their mouths."says Lad Akins,director of REEF,a marine conservation group."Some are commercially valuable fishes,like grouper and snapper that the fishermen depend on.Lionfish even could result in the extinction of some fish."
In an effort to solve the problem,REEF runs a monthly contest,awarding prizes to those who catch the most lionfish.It also runs workshops educating divers about safe collection and removal techniques.Many volunteers have also joined the fight with a campaign that encourages people to eat lionfish.
"If we can't beat them,let's eat them!"said Michelle Kosiek,the manager of the Fish House Encore,which has been serving lionfish for the past 18months."There is a little bit of fear factor eating them.In fact,those who tried it have spoken well of it."

25.The story of Gary Nichols shows thatA.
A.the overpopulated lionfish are affecting Florida fishermen
B.1obsters are disappearing in the waters near Florida
C.it is hard for a fisherman to make a living by selling lobsters
D.1ionfish have brought the Florida fishermen's income down by 90%
26.What factors contribute to the fast increase of the lionfish population?B
a.They are native to the Atlantic and Caribbean waters.
b.They have no natural enemies in Atlantic.
c.They are able to lay eggs non-stop every year.
d.The waters in Florida are suitable for their existence.
e.Some people introduced them there on purpose.
A.a,b,c    B.b,c,d    C.c,d,e   D.a,d,e
27.Lad Akins considers the non-native lionfish asD.
A.a new source of economic increase
B.a positive promoter to the ecology of Florida waters
C.a chance to make Florida fish species diverse
D.a disaster both commercially and ecologically
28.In the fight against lionfish,Michelle Kosiek is helpful inA.
A.encouraging people to eat them
B.teaching divers removal techniques
C.making a collection of lionfish
D.awarding prizes to lionfish catchers.
5.A hundred years ago on Monday,a once-mighty species became extinct.At the Cincinnati Zoo,a passenger pigeon named Martha died at the age of 29.
It was a quiet end to a noisy species.As recently as the mid-1800s,billions of passenger pigeons swarmed across the eastern half of the United States.But they proved no match for humans,whose rapidly advancing technology drove the birds to extinction in a matter of decades.Other species were also spiraling toward extinction in the late 1800s,but the destruction of the passenger pigeon happened on full public display."It became the icon (标志) of extinction."
A hundred years later,the passenger pigeon remains iconic.In 2012,a group of scientists launched a project now named the Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback to create cloned passenger pigeons-or at least birds genetically engineered to have passenger pigeon features.Two years later,project scientists are still hard at work.But they can't say when-or even if-the bird will fly again.
Nor has anyone ever cloned a bird,so every step in the plan will take the project scientists into unknown scientific territory to give rise to a passenger pigeon.Extracting an undamaged passenger pigeon gene from museum specimens (样本) seems impossible.Novak and his colleagues are hoping to reconstruct the gene of the band-tailed pigeons,the closest living relatives of passenger pigeons,which live in the western United States.
Even if the scientists end up with some passenger pigeon chicks in a few years,they will still be a long way from successfully reestablishing the species.However,people today can learn many lessons in its disappearance and apply it to protecting threatened species today

28.The underlined word"spiraling"in the second paragraph meansB.
A.circling at a lower speed                  
B.declining sharply
B.marching forward fast                    
D.increasing gradually
29.The project Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback is intended toD.
A,reintroduce passenger pigeons to America
B.experiment with cloning technology
C.protect the endangered band-tailed pigeons
D.recreate an extinct bird species
30.Which of the following are the difficulties of carrying out the project?C
a.They couldn't find an undamaged gene of the species.
b.Cloning a bird is a completely new thing.
c.The museum refused to provide the sample of the bird.
d.They can't get the closest relative of the passenger pigeon.
e.There is no previous experience to rely on.
A.a,b,c       
B.b,c,d        
C.a,b,e          
D.c,d,e
31.What does the author think of the efforts the scientists are making?A
A.It is well worth having such a try.
B.They can hardly achieve their goal.
C.They are only steps away from success.
D.It is meaningless for the species protection.
15.The latest fashion in the kitchen is the food steamer.All the stores are selling them;everyone wants one.Steaming is one of the simplest and healthiest ways of cooking food.However,that cooking time is usually longer than with other methods.In case you're thinking of buying a steamer,I've done a survey about the steamers available on the market to help you decide which will suit you best.
Folding Steamer
The simplest and least expensive is the folding stainless-steel(不锈钢)version.
Advantages:This is a good,basic design which sits inside a variety of different shapes of  pans with the water under it;a ring in the centre allows for easy lifting and it's easy to clean.
Disadvantages:It only holds small dishes.Also,if you put too much water in the pan,it will boil up through the vegetables and they will be watery.If you put too little water in and let it get dry,you will burn the pan and get strange-smelling vegetables.
Steaming Pan
This is a three-layered black Teflon-coated version with a lid and two double-handled  steamers,which sits on the oven ring.The brand I bought is called Nutritious Living.
Advantages:This is an excellent steamer,lightweight,easy to clean,and of all the steamers I've tried,this cooks the fastest.Fish and chicken can be cooked on the bottom with rice or vegetables on the top.It's easier to store.
Disadvantages:Water can boil away until the pan is dry,but if you make sure you fill the  pan up to the suggested level and do not overcook the food,this should not happen.You cannot  see the food cooking from the top.It doesn't supply a dish for cooking rice.
For serious users of steamers,I recommend having one of each version.If you just want  to try it,get the folding stainless-steel type.

21.The food steamer is popular with people becauseB.
A.it can save time and money
B.food can be cooked simply and healthily
C.it is easy to clean and store
D.it is available in any store
22.Which of the following is true about the folding steamers?A
A.They are cheap and easy to use.
B.They are difficult to clean.
C.They can hold all kinds of dishes.
D.You can put little water in the pan.
23.When you use the steaming pan,D
A.you can overcook the food
B.you can only cook rice
C.you feel it's heavy to carry
D.you should pour proper amount of water.
2.In order to increase their job chances after college,Chinese students are turning to a special practice-Eiffel Tower nose jobs (鼻整形术).The latest trend in plastic surgery promises to create a nose that is classic,slim and sloping,similar to the sweeping curve of the Eiffel Tower.
     Surgeon Wang Xuming said:"We are influenced by the beauty of the Eiffel Tower,we are not content to just add something to the nose,we reconstruct it."The surgery costs about US $ 10,000 and involves the enlarging of the nose using tissue from the forehead.
     Hundreds of posters advertising the procedure are put up all over Chongqing city,where surgeon Xuming runs his practice.They show a Westem-Iooking woman with an almost-too-perfect nose,against an outline of the Eiffel Tower.
     Interestingly,many young women in China are eager to achieve a western appearance,as they  believe it will give them an advantage in the highly competitive job market."Some students face a lot of employment pressure after graduation.If their facial features are good,they'II have more chances of finding a job,"said surgeon Xuming."We've had students getting the Eiffel Tower nose; it's helped them a lot."
     Apparently,Chinese employers are quite particular about appearances and prefer attractive candidates.Some of them even go as far as putting height and weight requirements in their employment ads.Plastic surgeons across the country are reporting an increase in the number of students choosing beauty"improvement".
     According  to a Mr.Li,hospital manager at surgeon Xuming's clinic,most of their customers are female and the bill is taken care of by the family."They usually come in with their mothers,and tend to be from well-off backgrounds,"he said.

51.Chinese college students choose to have a nose operation toC.
A.marry well                           
B.look cool
C.have a good job                        
D.look like westerners
52.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A
A.The posters
B.A nose job.
C.The Eiffel Tower
D.A plastic surgery procedure.
53.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 thatD
A.employers are potential customers
B.ads promote the plastic surgery
C.appearance is as important as height and weight
D.attractive appearance seems to increase job chances
54.From what Mr.Li said we can learn thatD
A.most families can't afford the surgeon
B.the number of plastic surgeons is increasing
C.patients can be well looked after at the clinic
D.their customers are usually from wealthy families
55:What's the author's attitude towards Eiffel Tower nose jobs?B
A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Critical.D.Worried.
19.Easy ways to get healthy
    I always hate the first few weeks of the new year,mostly because I-m sick to death of people in commercials who are all."Let's diet!It's a new year!"
You can always choose to switch it up!(36)EHere are some simple ways to get your healthy on all year around.
Switch out bad habits for good ones.(37)GDo something as simple as swapping nighttime cookies for nighttime vitamins.
    Catch some sleep.One of the most important things we can do for our minds and bodies is to make sure.we're getting enough sleep on a regular schedule.(38)F     Feed your mind.Keep your mind flexible and smart.Do crosswords,sudoku(数独).Start a new hobby,read a book about something you don't understand-anything that challenges you to think differently and exercise that brain of yours.
    (39)AI'm not suggesting you take on a brand new fitness quest,but take the stairs,park farther away,and find a hobby you enjoy that allows you to be active.
Get organized.I'm not saying a whole repair of your entire world; start small.Organize a kitchen  cabinet.Purge (清除 )yourself of stuff you  don't need.
     Get rid of the mess.That means your mind is included too!Make lists.Get a calendar and mark down important days.Clear your mind and your home.(40)C    
Smile.Overlook some of the bad things that are going on in your life.and focus on the good.There are positives in nearly every situation,even if it doesn't feel like it.Staying positive can help in nearly every aspect of your life!

A.Change your activity up.
B.Try exercising your brain too.
C.You'll find it improves your mood.
D.You are the one to improve yourself.
E.lt's time to take charge of your health!
F.Sounds boring,I know,but trust me---sleep is amazing for you.
C.Start small,and don't plan to change your entire life in a week.
12.Dear David,
I'm glad you would like to share your feelings with me.It's hardly surprising that your feelings of not being"grown up"have come on strongly at this point in your life,just before you're about to become a father.You are asking:Will I make a good father?How will I cope?I think nearly every man must have the occasional feelings of self-doubt and inadequacy before the birth.
It's difficult,honestly,to feel grown-up unless you have something less grown-up to relate to.The boss with a hen-pecking wife may feel like a seven-year-old when he's at home.But as he walks through the office door,and knows he's going to be surrounded by staff for advice,he grows into a fully mature man.And I think it's a mistake to imagine that we all feel,as we age,a kind of progress of states,from the baby to the adult.Most people feel,on Tuesday,about three years old,and on a Wednesday,around 80.
There's a common remark that"all men are little boys",but it's not true.It's more true that men often behave like little boys.But nearly all people,at some moments in their lives,are able to be greatly mature..Once your baby arrives,you'll soon feel less childlike.When your child tries to put its fingers into the electric plug,the adult in you will rise up to prevent it.
Comfort yourself,David,with two truths.One is that your friends laugh when they talk about this subject because they,like you,feel frightened.And remember that people who haven't grown up don't go around talking about the fact.
    Good luck to you and your little one.
Sincerely Yours,
Miss Advice 28.According to the passage,Miss Advice thinks David's self-doubtC.
A.valuable    
B.unusual
C.natural
D.bearable
29.From Paragraph 2,we can learn that people's sense of maturityC
A.will increase with age
B.is obviously seen at home
C.changes with different situations
D.becomes stronger with familiar people
30.Miss Advice holds thatC.
A.all men behave like little boys
B.people tend to laugh at the subject
C.men with a baby feel more grown-up
D.people enjoy talking about their immaturity
31.Miss Advice wrote the letter toA.
A.offer suggestions to a future father    
B.teach people how to grow up
C.encourage people to be responsible  
D.solve problems of the less grown-up.

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