Taking about three times as much vitamin D as the norm may lower an individual's risk of developing colon, breast or ovarian cancer, a study says.

 Americans typically take 320 units a day of the vitamin,consisting of 200 from food and 120 from supplements. Daily intake of about 1 , 000 units may cut the odds of getting colon cancer by about half,and the chances of getting breast or ovarian cancer by about a third, ac?cording to the researchers.

 Vitamin D supplementation could reduce cancer incidence " at low cost,with few or no side effects”,the researchers said in an article appearing in the February 2006 issue of the American Journal of Public Health.

"The strongest effect is for colorectal cancer,”said lead author Cedric Garland, 59, a pro?fessor of family and preventive medicine at University of California-San Diego, in a telephone interview Tuesday. Garland said.

  The U. S. National Academy of Sciences recommends daily vitamin D intake of at least 200 units for adults 50 or younger; 400 units at ages 51 to 70 ,and 600 units for people 71 or older. The upper limit for safe intake is 2, 000 units daily. Thus,the dose recommended by the re?searchers is beyond what most people now get and what the government recommends.

A glass of milk contains about 100 units of the vitamin, Garland said. While cod liver oil is rich in vitamin D,it also contains a lot of vitamin A and the two vitamins compete for reception by the body,Garland said. He doesn't recommend cod liver oil as a source of vitamin   D.

To ensure getting 1 , 000 units of vitamin D, most people probably can take two 400-unit tablets,with the other 200 units coming from foods such as salmon,orange juice,yogurt and cheese, Garland said. Getting enough vitamin D through supplements would cost less than 5 cents a day,he said.

Although sunlight helps the body produce natural vitamin D,the researchers urged getting the minimum of 1, 000 units through food and supplements. Dark-skinned people, who need more sunlight to make vitamin   D.are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency,the scientists said.

(   ) 1. What is the subject discussed in the text?

   A.How to take Vitamin D in daily life.

   B.Scientists urge a bigger dose of Vitamin   D.

   C.The connection between Vitamin D and cancers.

   D.The recommended units of Vitamin   D.

(   ) 2. According to the text,what is the best way to take Vitamin D? 

    A. By enjoying the sunlight.

   B.Through daily food.

   C.By taking some pills every day.

   D.From food and daily supplements.

(   ) 3. Why is cod liver oil not recommended as a source of Vitamin D?

   A.It doesn't contain a lot of Vitamin   D.

   B.Some people may take in Vitamin A more from it.

   C.Although it is rich in Vitamin   D.it's hard for people to take it in.

   D.It has some unexpected side effects.

(   ) 4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

   A.People can take as much Vitamin D as they can.

   B.Generally, older people need more Vitamin D than the younger.

   C.Taking Vitamin D can be very expensive.

   D.People of the same age need the same amount of Vitamin D.

 Animation means making things which are lifeless come alive and move.

Since earliest times,people have always been astonished by movement. But not until this century have we managed to take control of movement,to record it,and in the case of anima?tion,to retranslate it and recreate it. To do all this,we use a movie camera and a projector(放映机) .

In the world of cartoon animation, nothing is impossible. You can make the characters do exactly what you want them to do.

  A famous early cartoon character was Felix the Cat,created by Pat Sullivan inAmericain the early nineteen twenties. Felix was a wonderful cat. He could do all sorts of things no natural cat could do like taking off his tail,using it as a handle and then putting it back.

  Most of the great early animators lived and worked in America, the home of the moving picture industry. The famous Walt Disney cartoon characters came to life after 1928. Popeye the Sailor and his girl friend Olive Oyo were born at Max Ficischer in 1933.

But to be an animator, you don't have to be a professional(专业人士) . It is possible for anyone to make a simple animated film without using a camera at all. All you have to do is to draw directly on to an empty film and then run the film through a projector. 

(   ) 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

   A. Animal world.   B. Movie camera.

   C.  Cartoon making.   D. Movement.

(   ) 2. Which of the following statements is true?

   A.People were unable to cause the movement to last or record it in the last century.

   B.Pat Sullivan was a famous early cartoon character.

   C.It is impossible to make cartoon characters do what they are designed to do.

   D.Felix was a wonderful cat.

(   ) 3. It can be inferred from the passage that        .

   A.Walt Disney's cartoon characters were born earlier than Pat Sullivan's

   B.only professionals can create cartoon characters

   C.Popeye the Sailor and Olive Oyo were famous cartoonists

   D.the cartoon industry started in theUnited States

(   ) 4. Which of the following statements best describes the author's attitude towards cartoon making?

   A.Cartoon making is not a difficult job.

   B.Only trained people can be employed in cartoon making industry.

   C.Anyone can make cartoons under the instructions of professionals.

   D.Cartoon making is not easy for it will cost you much time.

  Imagine working at a job which requires you to lie around all day,watch television,play video games,and surf the Internet. It seems like perfect work for a couch potato―until you find out that you must stay in bed 24 hours a day for 90 days straight!Suddenly, this job doesn't sound like much fun at all.

   A 10-year study by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA美国国家航天局) has been looking for volunteers to endure enforced(强制) bed rest,allowing doctors to study the effects of weightlessness on the human body. The bed rest recreates as closely as possible conditions which astronauts in space must endure.

   Astronauts returning from space often have temporary physical problems. Many are likely to faint(晕倒) and feel dizziness(眩晕) due to low blood pressure. A long trip in space can also lead to muscle weakness, decreased bone strength, and abnormalities(不正常) in their blood. All of these conditions are exactly like those in the best rest study.

   The studies are done at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas. Vol?unteers are under the constant supervision of doctors and other healthcare workers, and must fol?low strict guidelines.

   They are not allowed out of bed even to go to the bathroom(厕所) .Meals are brought at regular times, and naps(午睡) are not permitted. At 6:00 a. m. volunteers are awakened, and lights are out at 10:00 p. m. They are supplied with televisions,videos, DVDs,and computers with Internet access. Family and friends may visit.

   To take part in the study, volunteers must be non-smokers, between 25-55 years old,and in excellent health. The volunteers can be given up to $ 17, 000 for travel expenses and lost work time.

(   ) 1. Which of the following activities will the volunteers Not do,when taking part in the study by NASA?

   A.Lying around the bed all day and all night.

   B.Watching television program all the time.

   C.Playing the video games.

   D.Playing basketball with comrades.

(   ) 2. It is true about the volunteers that        .

   A.they are quite healthy

   B.they have to pay a large amount of money on it

   C.they should be very young

   D.they must have the education of university 

(   ) 3. When astronauts return from space,          .

   A.they will have terrible illness for ever

   B.they may have some physical problems all their lives

   C.their blood pressure is likely to be lower

   D.they might become very abnormal

(   ) 4. What does the underlined word "straight" in Paragraph 1 mean?

   A. in a straight way   B. directly and quickly

   C. without stopping, continuously   D. without any movement

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