ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
·ÉÐÐʱ¼äÖÊÆ×ÒÇ¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý´øµçÁ£×ӵķÉÐÐʱ¼ä¶ÔÆøÌå·Ö×Ó½øÐзÖÎö£®ÈçͼËùʾ£¬ÔÚÕæ¿Õ״̬Ï£¬×ÔÂö³å·§PÅç³ö΢Á¿ÆøÌ壬¾¼¤¹âÕÕÉä²úÉú²»Í¬ÕýÀë×Ó£¬×Ôa°åС¿×½øÈëa¡¢b¼äµÄ¼ÓËٵ糡£¬´Ób°åС¿×Éä³ö£¬ÑØÖÐÏß·½Ïò½øÈëM¡¢N°å¼äµÄ·½ÐÎÇøÓò£¬È»ºóµ½´ï½ô¿¿ÔÚÆäÓÒ²àµÄ̽²âÆ÷£®ÒÑÖª¼«°åa¡¢b¼äµÄµçѹΪU0£¬¼ä¾àΪd£¬¼«°åM¡¢NµÄ³¤¶ÈºÍ¼ä¾à¾ùΪL£®²»¼ÆÀë×ÓÖØÁ¦¼°¾¹ýa°åʱµÄ³õËٶȣ®
£¨1£©ÈôM¡¢N°å¼äÎ޵糡ºÍ´Å³¡£¬ÇëÍƵ¼³öÀë×Ó´Óa°åµ½Ì½²âÆ÷µÄ·ÉÐÐʱ¼ätÓë±ÈºÉk£¨k=
£¬qºÍm·Ö±ðΪÀë×ӵĵçºÉÁ¿ºÍÖÊÁ¿£©µÄ¹Øϵʽ£»
£¨2£©ÈôÔÚM¡¢N¼äÖ»¼ÓÉÏƫתµçѹU1£¬ÇëÂÛ֤˵Ã÷²»Í¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣ÊÇ·ñÖغϣ»
£¨3£©ÈôÔÚM¡¢N¼äÖ»¼ÓÉÏ´¹Ö±ÓÚÖ½ÃæµÄÔÈÇ¿´Å³¡£®ÒÑÖª½øÈëa¡¢b¼äµÄÕýÀë×ÓÓÐÒ»¼ÛºÍ¶þ¼ÛµÄÁ½ÖÖ£¬ÖÊÁ¿¾ùΪm£¬ÔªµçºÉΪe£®ÒªÊ¹ËùÓÐÕýÀë×Ó¾ùÄÜͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇøÓò´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£¬ÇóËù¼Ó´Å³¡µÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµBm£®
£¨1£©ÈôM¡¢N°å¼äÎ޵糡ºÍ´Å³¡£¬ÇëÍƵ¼³öÀë×Ó´Óa°åµ½Ì½²âÆ÷µÄ·ÉÐÐʱ¼ätÓë±ÈºÉk£¨k=
q |
m |
£¨2£©ÈôÔÚM¡¢N¼äÖ»¼ÓÉÏƫתµçѹU1£¬ÇëÂÛ֤˵Ã÷²»Í¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣ÊÇ·ñÖغϣ»
£¨3£©ÈôÔÚM¡¢N¼äÖ»¼ÓÉÏ´¹Ö±ÓÚÖ½ÃæµÄÔÈÇ¿´Å³¡£®ÒÑÖª½øÈëa¡¢b¼äµÄÕýÀë×ÓÓÐÒ»¼ÛºÍ¶þ¼ÛµÄÁ½ÖÖ£¬ÖÊÁ¿¾ùΪm£¬ÔªµçºÉΪe£®ÒªÊ¹ËùÓÐÕýÀë×Ó¾ùÄÜͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇøÓò´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£¬ÇóËù¼Ó´Å³¡µÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµBm£®
£¨1£©´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåa¡¢bÖ®¼äÔ˶¯Ê±£¬Óɶ¯Äܶ¨Àí£¬qU0=
mv2
½âµÃ£ºv=
£¬
¼´£ºv=
¡¢Ù
´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåa¡¢bÖ®¼äµÄ¼ÓËٶȣºa1=
£¬
¼´£ºa1=
£®
ËùÒÔ´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåa¡¢bÖ®¼äµÄÔ˶¯Ê±¼ä£ºt1=
=
£®
´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåM¡¢NÖ®¼äµÄÔ˶¯Ê±¼ä£ºt2=
=
£®£¬
ËùÒÔ´øµçÀë×Ó´Óa°åµ½Ì½²âÆ÷µÄ·ÉÐÐʱ¼äΪ£ºt=t1+t2=
£®
£¨2£©´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåM¡¢NÖ®¼äˮƽλÒÆΪxʱ£¬ÔÚÊúÖ±·½ÏòλÒÆΪy£¬
ˮƽ·½ÏòÂú×㣺x=vt£¬
ÊúÖ±·½ÏòÂú×㣺y=
a2t2£¬a2=
ÁªÁ¢½âµÃ£ºy=
¡¢Ú
¢ÚʽÊÇÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣·½³Ì£¬ÓëÕýÀë×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿ºÍµçºÉÁ¿¾ùÎÞ¹Øϵ£¬ËùÒÔ²»Í¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣ÊÇÖغϵģ®
£¨3£©µ±MN¼äµÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶È´óСΪBʱ£¬Àë×Ó×öÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬Âú×ãqvB=
¡¢Û
ÓÉ¢Ù¢ÛÁ½Ê½½âµÃ´øµçÀë×ӵĹìµÀ°ë¾¶R=
¡¢Ü
ÉÏʽ±íÃ÷£ºÔÚÀë×ÓÖÊÁ¿Ò»¶¨µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Àë×ӵĵçºÉÁ¿Ô½´ó£¬Ôڴų¡ÖÐ×öÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯µÄ°ë¾¶Ô½Ð¡£¬Ò²¾ÍÔ½²»ÈÝÒ×´©¹ý·½ÐÎÇø´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£®ËùÒÔ£¬ÒªÊ¹ËùÓеÄÒ»¼ÛºÍ¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×Ó¾ùÄÜͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇø´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£¬Ö»Òª¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×ÓÄÜ´Ó·½ÐÎÇø·É³ö¼´¿É£®µ±¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×Ó¸ÕºÃÄÜ´Ó·½ÐÎÇø¸ÕºÃÄÜ´Ó·½ÐÎÇøÓò·É³öʱµÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈΪÂú×ãÌâÄ¿Ìõ¼þµÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµ£®
Éèµ±Àë×Ó¸ÕºÃͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇø´ÓÓÒ²à·É³öʱµÄ¹ìµÀ°ë¾¶ÎªR£¬Óɼ¸ºÎ¹ØϵµÃ£º
R2=L2+£¨R-
£©2
½âµÃ£ºR=
L¡¢Ý
½«¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×ӵĵçºÉÁ¿2e´úÈˢܵã¬R=
¡¢Þ
ÓɢݢÞʽµÃ£ºB=
£®
´ËÖµ¼´ÎªËùÇóµÄËù¼Ó´Å³¡µÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµBm£®
´ð£º£¨1£©Àë×Ó´Óa°åµ½Ì½²âÆ÷µÄ·ÉÐÐʱ¼ätÊÇ
£¬
£¨2£©ÈôÔÚM¡¢N¼äÖ»¼ÓÉÏƫתµçѹU1£¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣·½³Ì£¬ÓëÕýÀë×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿ºÍµçºÉÁ¿¾ùÎÞ¹Øϵ£¬ËùÒÔ²»Í¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣ÊÇÖغϵģ®£»
£¨3£©ÒªÊ¹ËùÓÐÕýÀë×Ó¾ùÄÜͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇøÓò´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£¬Ëù¼Ó´Å³¡µÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµÊÇ
£®
1 |
2 |
½âµÃ£ºv=
|
¼´£ºv=
2kU0 |
´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåa¡¢bÖ®¼äµÄ¼ÓËٶȣºa1=
qU0 |
dm |
¼´£ºa1=
kU0 |
d |
ËùÒÔ´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåa¡¢bÖ®¼äµÄÔ˶¯Ê±¼ä£ºt1=
v |
a1 |
d
| ||
kU0 |
´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåM¡¢NÖ®¼äµÄÔ˶¯Ê±¼ä£ºt2=
L |
v |
L | ||
|
ËùÒÔ´øµçÀë×Ó´Óa°åµ½Ì½²âÆ÷µÄ·ÉÐÐʱ¼äΪ£ºt=t1+t2=
2d+L | ||
|
£¨2£©´øµçÀë×ÓÔÚƽÐаåM¡¢NÖ®¼äˮƽλÒÆΪxʱ£¬ÔÚÊúÖ±·½ÏòλÒÆΪy£¬
ˮƽ·½ÏòÂú×㣺x=vt£¬
ÊúÖ±·½ÏòÂú×㣺y=
1 |
2 |
kU1 |
L |
ÁªÁ¢½âµÃ£ºy=
U1x2 |
4LU0 |
¢ÚʽÊÇÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣·½³Ì£¬ÓëÕýÀë×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿ºÍµçºÉÁ¿¾ùÎÞ¹Øϵ£¬ËùÒÔ²»Í¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣ÊÇÖغϵģ®
£¨3£©µ±MN¼äµÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶È´óСΪBʱ£¬Àë×Ó×öÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬Âú×ãqvB=
mv2 |
R |
ÓÉ¢Ù¢ÛÁ½Ê½½âµÃ´øµçÀë×ӵĹìµÀ°ë¾¶R=
|
ÉÏʽ±íÃ÷£ºÔÚÀë×ÓÖÊÁ¿Ò»¶¨µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Àë×ӵĵçºÉÁ¿Ô½´ó£¬Ôڴų¡ÖÐ×öÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯µÄ°ë¾¶Ô½Ð¡£¬Ò²¾ÍÔ½²»ÈÝÒ×´©¹ý·½ÐÎÇø´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£®ËùÒÔ£¬ÒªÊ¹ËùÓеÄÒ»¼ÛºÍ¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×Ó¾ùÄÜͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇø´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£¬Ö»Òª¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×ÓÄÜ´Ó·½ÐÎÇø·É³ö¼´¿É£®µ±¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×Ó¸ÕºÃÄÜ´Ó·½ÐÎÇø¸ÕºÃÄÜ´Ó·½ÐÎÇøÓò·É³öʱµÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈΪÂú×ãÌâÄ¿Ìõ¼þµÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµ£®
Éèµ±Àë×Ó¸ÕºÃͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇø´ÓÓÒ²à·É³öʱµÄ¹ìµÀ°ë¾¶ÎªR£¬Óɼ¸ºÎ¹ØϵµÃ£º
R2=L2+£¨R-
L |
2 |
½âµÃ£ºR=
3 |
4 |
½«¶þ¼ÛÕýÀë×ӵĵçºÉÁ¿2e´úÈˢܵã¬R=
|
ÓɢݢÞʽµÃ£ºB=
4 |
5L |
|
´ËÖµ¼´ÎªËùÇóµÄËù¼Ó´Å³¡µÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµBm£®
´ð£º£¨1£©Àë×Ó´Óa°åµ½Ì½²âÆ÷µÄ·ÉÐÐʱ¼ätÊÇ
2d+L | ||
|
£¨2£©ÈôÔÚM¡¢N¼äÖ»¼ÓÉÏƫתµçѹU1£¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣·½³Ì£¬ÓëÕýÀë×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿ºÍµçºÉÁ¿¾ùÎÞ¹Øϵ£¬ËùÒÔ²»Í¬ÕýÀë×ӵĹ켣ÊÇÖغϵģ®£»
£¨3£©ÒªÊ¹ËùÓÐÕýÀë×Ó¾ùÄÜͨ¹ý·½ÐÎÇøÓò´ÓÓÒ²à·É³ö£¬Ëù¼Ó´Å³¡µÄ´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ×î´óÖµÊÇ
4 |
5L |
|
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿