题目内容
如图所示,O是线段AB的中点,|AB|=2c,以点A为圆心,2a为半径作一圆,其中
。

(1)若圆A外的动点P到B的距离等于它到圆周的最短距离,建立适当坐标系,求动点P的轨迹方程,并说明轨迹是何种曲线;
(2)经过点O的直线l与直线AB成60°角,当c=2,a=1时,动点P的轨迹记为E,设过点B的直线m交曲线E于M、N两点,且点M在直线AB的上方,求点M到直线l的距离d的取值范围。


(1)若圆A外的动点P到B的距离等于它到圆周的最短距离,建立适当坐标系,求动点P的轨迹方程,并说明轨迹是何种曲线;
(2)经过点O的直线l与直线AB成60°角,当c=2,a=1时,动点P的轨迹记为E,设过点B的直线m交曲线E于M、N两点,且点M在直线AB的上方,求点M到直线l的距离d的取值范围。
轨迹方程为:
。
(2)

(2)

(1)以直线AB为x轴,线段AB的垂直平分线为y轴建立直角坐标系,则A(-c,0),B(c,0)
依题意:
∴点P的轨迹为以A、B为焦点,实半轴为a,虚半轴为
的双曲线右支
∴轨迹方程为:
。
(2)法一:设M(
,
),N(
,
)
依题意知曲线E的方程为
,l的方程为
设直线m的方程为
由方程组
,消去y得
①
∴
∵直线
与双曲线右支交于不同的两点
∴
及
,从而
由①得
解得
且
当x=2时,直线m垂直于x轴,符合条件,∴
又设M到l的距离为d,则
∵
∴
设
,
由于函数
与
均为区间
的增函数
∴
在
单调递减
∴
的最大值=
又∵
而M的横坐标
,∴
法二:
为一条渐近线
①m位于
时,m在无穷远,此时
②m位于
时,
,d较大
由
点M
∴
故
依题意:

∴点P的轨迹为以A、B为焦点,实半轴为a,虚半轴为

∴轨迹方程为:

(2)法一:设M(




依题意知曲线E的方程为


设直线m的方程为

由方程组


∴

∵直线

∴



由①得

解得


当x=2时,直线m垂直于x轴,符合条件,∴

又设M到l的距离为d,则

∵

∴

设


由于函数



∴


∴


又∵

而M的横坐标


法二:

①m位于


②m位于


由

点M

∴

故


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