题目内容

已知数列{an}满足条件;a1=1,a2=r(r>0)且{anan+1}是公比为q(q>0)的等比数列.
(1)求出使不等式anan+1+an+1an+2>an+2an+3(n∈N)成立的q的取值范围;
(2)设bn=a2n-1+a2nn (n∈N),求bn的表达式;
(3)设{Sn}是数列{bn}的前n项和,求Sn和 
lim
n→∞
1
Sn

(4)设r=219.2-1,q=
1
2
,求数列{
log2bn+1
log2bn
}的最大值与最小值.
分析:(1)由anan+1=a1a1qn-1=rqn-1,anan+1+an+1an+2>an+2an+3,知rqn-1+rqn>rqn+1+q>q2 即:q2-q-1<0∴
1
2
(1-
5
)<q<
1
2
(1+
5
),由此能求出0<q<
1+
5
2

(2)由数列{anan+1}是公比为q的等比数列,知
an+1an+2
anan+1
=
an+2
an
=q
,由此能求出bn=qn-1+rqn-1=(1+r)qn-1
(3)当q=1时,
lim
n→∞
1
Sn
=
lim
n→∞
1
n(1+r)
=0;当0q>1时,
lim
n→∞
1
Sn
=
lim
n→∞
1-q
(1+r)(1-qn)
=0.由此能求出
lim
n→∞
1
Sn

(4)由bn=(1+r)qn-1,知
log2bn+1
log2bn
=
log2(1+r)+nlog2q
log2(1+r)+(n-1)log2q
=1+
1
n-20.2
,由此能求出数列{
log2bn+1
log2bn
}的最大值和最小值.
解答:解:(1)∵数列{an}满足条件:a1=1,a2=r,
且数列{anan+1}是公比为q的等比数列,
∴q≠0,r≠0,且anan+1=a1a1qn-1=rqn-1
∵anan+1+an+1an+2>an+2an+3
∴rqn-1+rqn>rqn+1+q>q2
即:q2-q-1<0,
1
2
(1-
5
)<q<
1
2
(1+
5
),
∵q>0,
0<q<
1+
5
2

(2)∵数列{anan+1}是公比为q的等比数列,
an+1an+2
anan+1
=
an+2
an
=q

∵a1=1,
∴当n=2k-1时,an=qk-1
∵a2=r,
∴当n=2k时,an=rqk-1
∵bn=a2n-1+a2n(n∈N),
∴bn=qn-1+rqn-1=(1+r)qn-1
(3)当q=1时,Sn=n(1+r),
lim
n→∞
1
Sn
=
lim
n→∞
1
n(1+r)
=0;
当0q>1时,Sn=
(1+r)(1-qn)
1-q

lim
n→∞
1
Sn
=
lim
n→∞
1-q
(1+r)(1-qn)
=0.
lim
n→∞
1
Sn
=
1-q
1+r
,0<q<1
0,q≥1

(4)∵bn=(1+r)qn-1
log2bn+1
log2bn
=
log2(1+r)+nlog2q
log2(1+r)+(n-1)log2q
=1+
1
n-20.2

Cn=
log2bn+1
log2bn

当n-20.2>0,即n>21,n∈N+时,Cn随n的增大而减小,
1<CnC21=1+
1
21-20.2
=
9
4

当n-20.2<0,即n≤20,n∈N+时,Cn随n的增大而减小,
∴1>Cn≥C20=1+
1
20-20.2
=-4

综上所述,对任意的自然数n,有C20≤Cn≤C21
∴数列{
log2bn+1
log2bn
}中,n=21时,取最大值
9
4
,n=20时,取最小值-4.
点评:本题考查数列的综合应用,解题时要认真审题,仔细解答,注意挖掘题设中的隐含条件,合理地进行等价转化.
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