题目内容

15.求证:在二次函数f(x)=ax2+bx+c中,若x1≠x2,则使“f($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)<$\frac{f({x}_{1})+f({x}_{2})}{2}$成立”的充要条件是“a>0”

分析 利用作差法,结合充分条件和必要条件的定义进行证明即可.

解答 证明:$\frac{f({x}_{1})+f({x}_{2})}{2}$-f($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)=$\frac{1}{2}$(ax12+bx1+c+ax22+bx2+c)-a($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)2-b•($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)-c
=$\frac{1}{2}$(ax12+bx1+ax22+bx2)-a($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)2-b•($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)
=$\frac{1}{2}$(ax12+ax22)-a($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)2
=$\frac{1}{4}$(2ax12+2ax22-ax12-ax22-2ax1x2
=$\frac{1}{4}$(ax12+ax22-2ax1x2
=$\frac{1}{4}$a(x1-x22
∵x1≠x2,∴(x1-x22>0,
若f($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)<$\frac{f({x}_{1})+f({x}_{2})}{2}$成立,则$\frac{f({x}_{1})+f({x}_{2})}{2}$-f($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)>0,此时a>0,
反之,若a>0,则$\frac{f({x}_{1})+f({x}_{2})}{2}$-f($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)>0,即f($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)<$\frac{f({x}_{1})+f({x}_{2})}{2}$成立,
故使“f($\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2}$)<$\frac{f({x}_{1})+f({x}_{2})}{2}$成立”的充要条件是“a>0”.

点评 本题主要考查充分条件和必要条件的证明,利用作差法,结合函数的性质是解决本题的关键.

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