ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
3£®Ìú¡¢Í¼°Æ仯ºÏÎïÔÚÈÕ³£Éú²ú¡¢Éú»îÓÐ׏㷺µÄÓ¦Óã®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺£¨1£©ÌúÔÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íÖеÄλÖõÚËÄÖÜÆÚµÚ¢ø×壮
£¨2£©ÅäºÏÎïFe£¨CO£©x³£ÎÂϳÊҺ̬£¬ÈÛµãΪ-20.5¡æ£¬·ÐµãΪ103¡æ£¬Ò×ÈÜÓڷǼ«ÐÔÈܼÁ£¬¾Ý´Ë¿ÉÅжÏFe£¨CO£©x¾§ÌåÊôÓÚ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壨ÌÌåÀàÐÍ£©£®Fe£¨CO£©xµÄÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÊýÓëÅäÌåÌṩµç×ÓÊýÖ®ºÍΪ18£¬Ôòx=5£®Fe£¨CO£©xÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ·¢Éú·´Ó¦£º
Fe£¨CO£©x£¨s£©?Fe£¨s£©+xCO£¨g£©£®ÒÑÖª·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐÖ»¶ÏÁÑÅäλ¼ü£¬ÓÉ´ËÅжϸ÷´Ó¦ËùÐγɵĻ¯Ñ§¼üÀàÐÍΪ½ðÊô¼ü£®
£¨3£©Ð´³öCOµÄÒ»ÖÖ³£¼ûµÈµç×ÓÌå·Ö×ӵĽṹʽN¡ÔN£»Á½ÕßÏà±È½Ï·Ðµã½Ï¸ßµÄΪCO£¨Ìѧʽ£©£®CN-ÖÐ̼Ô×ÓÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÀàÐÍΪsp£¬S¡¢N¡¢OÈýÔªËصĵÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ×î´óµÄΪN£¨ÓÃÔªËØ·ûºÅ±íʾ£©£®
£¨4£©Ä³MÔ×ÓµÄÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3s23p5£¬ÍÓëMÐγɻ¯ºÏÎïµÄ¾§°ûÈçͼËùʾ£¨ºÚµã´ú±íÍÔ×Ó£©£®
¢Ù¸Ã¾§ÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªCuCl£®
¢ÚÒÑ֪ͺÍMµÄµç¸ºÐÔ·Ö±ðΪ1.9ºÍ3.0£¬ÔòÍÓëMÐγɵĻ¯ºÏÎïÊôÓÚ¹²¼Û£¨Ìî¡°Àë×Ó¡±¡¢¡°¹²¼Û¡±£©»¯ºÏÎ
·ÖÎö £¨1£©FeλÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚµÚVIII×壻
£¨2£©·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåÈ۷еã½ÏµÍ£»FeÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÊýÊÇ8£¬Ã¿¸öCO·Ö×ÓÌṩһ¸öµç×Ó¶Ô£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËãnÖµ£»Ö»ÓÐÅäλ¼ü¶ÏÁÑ£¬ÔòÐγɵĻ¯Ñ§¼üÊǽðÊô¼ü£»
£¨3£©Ô×Ó¸öÊýÏàµÈ¡¢¼Ûµç×ÓÊýÏàµÈµÄ΢Á£Êǵȵç×ÓÌ壻¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓµÄÈ۷еã½Ï¸ß£»¸ù¾Ý¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô»¥³âÀíÂÛÅжÏCÔ×ÓÔÓ»¯·½Ê½£»Í¬Ò»ÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬ÔªËصÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜËæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýÔö´ó¶ø³ÊÔö´óÇ÷ÊÆ£¬µ«µÚIIA×å¡¢µÚVA×åÔªËصÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ´óÓÚÆäÏàÁÚÔªËØ£¬Í¬Ò»Ö÷×åÔªËØ£¬µÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜËæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýÔö´ó¶ø¼õС£»
£¨4£©¢ÙÀûÓþù̯·¨¼ÆË㣻
¢Úµç¸ºÐÔ²îСÓÚ1.7µÄ»¯ºÏÎïΪ¹²¼Û»¯ºÏÎ
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©FeλÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚµÚVIII×壬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºµÚËÄÖÜÆÚµÚ¢ø×壻
£¨2£©Fe£¨CO£©x¾§ÌåµÄÈ۷еã½ÏµÍ£¬ËùÒÔÊôÓÚ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壻FeÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÊýÊÇ8£¬Ã¿¸öCO·Ö×ÓÌṩһ¸öµç×Ó¶Ô£¬ËùÒÔ8+2n=18£¬n=5£»Ö»ÓÐÅäλ¼ü¶ÏÁÑ£¬ÔòÐγɵĻ¯Ñ§¼üÊǽðÊô¼ü£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壻5£»½ðÊô¼ü£»
£¨3£©Ô×Ó¸öÊýÏàµÈ¡¢¼Ûµç×ÓÊýÏàµÈµÄ΢Á£Êǵȵç×ÓÌ壬ËùÒÔÓëCOÊǵȵç×ÓÌåµÄ·Ö×ӽṹʽΪN¡ÔN£»¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓµÄÈ۷еã½Ï¸ß£¬COÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬µªÆøÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬ËùÒÔCOÈ۷еã½Ï¸ß£»¸Ã΢Á£ÖÐCÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¸öÊýÊÇ2£¬ËùÒÔCÔ×Ó²ÉÓÃspÔÓ»¯£»Í¬Ò»ÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬ÔªËصÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜËæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýÔö´ó¶ø³ÊÔö´óÇ÷ÊÆ£¬µ«µÚIIA×å¡¢µÚVA×åÔªËصÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ´óÓÚÆäÏàÁÚÔªËØ£¬Í¬Ò»Ö÷×åÔªËØ£¬µÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜËæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýÔö´ó¶ø¼õС£¬ËùÒÔµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ×î´óµÄÊÇNÔªËØ£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN¡ÔN£»CO£»sp£»N£»
£¨4£©Ä³MÔ×ÓµÄÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3s23p5£¬ÔòMΪClÔªËØ£¬
¢Ù¸Ã¾§°ûÖÐÍÔ×Ó¸öÊý=4£¬ClÔ×Ó¸öÊý=8¡Á$\frac{1}{8}$+6¡Á$\frac{1}{2}$=4£¬ËùÒÔÆ仯ѧʽΪCuCl£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCuCl£»
¢ÚCuºÍClÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔ²îΪ3.0-1.9=1.1£¼1.7£¬ËùÒÔΪ¹²¼Û»¯ºÏÎ¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¹²¼Û£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÎïÖʽṹºÍÐÔÖÊ£¬Îª¸ßƵ¿¼µã£¬Éæ¼°¾§°û¼ÆËã¡¢Ô×ÓÔÓ»¯·½Ê½Åжϡ¢»¯Ñ§¼ü¡¢ÅäºÏÎïµÈ֪ʶµã£¬ÀûÓþù̯·¨¡¢¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô»¥³âÀíÂÛµÈ֪ʶµã¼´¿É½â´ð£¬ÄѵãÊǾ§°û¼ÆË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£®
A£® | »¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖУ¬ÓзÅÈÈ·´Ó¦Ò²ÓÐÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦ | |
B£® | ú¡¢Ê¯ÓÍ¡¢ÌìÈ»ÆøÊǵ±½ñÊÀ½ç×îÖØÒªµÄÈýÖÖ»¯Ê¯È¼ÁÏ | |
C£® | Ba£¨OH£©2•8H2O¾§ÌåÓëNH4Cl¾§ÌåµÄ·´Ó¦ÊÇÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦ | |
D£® | »¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯µÄ´óСÓë·´Ó¦ÎïµÄÖÊÁ¿¶àÉÙÎÞ¹Ø |
£¨1£©Ï±íÊǸÃС×éÑо¿Ó°Ïì¹ýÑõ»¯Ç⣨H2O2£©·Ö½âËÙÂʵÄÒòËØʱ²É¼¯µÄÒ»×éÊý¾Ý£ºÓÃ10mL H2O2ÖÆÈ¡150mLO2ËùÐèµÄʱ¼ä£¨Ã룩
30%H2O2 | 15%H2O2 | 10%H2O2 | 5%H2O2 | |
ÎÞ´ß»¯¼Á¡¢²»¼ÓÈÈ | ¼¸ºõ²»·´Ó¦ | ¼¸ºõ²»·´Ó¦ | ¼¸ºõ²»·´Ó¦ | ¼¸ºõ²»·´Ó¦ |
ÎÞ´ß»¯¼Á¡¢¼ÓÈÈ | 360 | 480 | 540 | 720 |
MnO2´ß»¯¼Á¡¢¼ÓÈÈ | 10 | 25 | 60 | 120 |
¢Ú´ÓÉÏÊöÓ°ÏìH2O2·Ö½âËÙÂʵÄÒòËØaºÍbÖÐÈÎÑ¡Ò»¸ö£¬ËµÃ÷¸ÃÒòËضԸ÷´Ó¦ËÙÂʵÄÓ°Ï죺ÆäËûÌõ¼þ²»±ä£¬Éý¸ß·´Ó¦Î¶ȣ¬H2O2·Ö½âËÙÂʼӿ죮
£¨2£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§ÔÚ10mL H2O2 ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ¶þÑõ»¯ÃÌ£¬·Å³öÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©Ó뷴Ӧʱ¼äµÄ¹ØϵÈçÈçͼËùʾ£¬
¢Ùд³öH2O2·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ2H2O2$\frac{\underline{\;MnO_{2}\;}}{\;}$2H2O+O2¡ü£®
¢ÚA¡¢B¡¢CÈýµãËù±íʾµÄ¼´Ê±·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ×îÂýµÄÊÇC£®
£¨3£©Èô½«ÊÊÁ¿MnO2¼ÓÈëËữµÄH2O2µÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬MnO2Èܽâ²úÉúMn2+£¬ÁíÍ⣬²úÎïÖл¹ÓÐO2²úÉú£¬Çëд³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽMnO2+2H++H2O2=Mn2++O2¡ü+2H2O£®
A£® | ¹âµ¼ÏËάÖÐËùÓòÄÁÏΪ¾§Ìå¹è | |
B£® | SiO2ÊÇËáÐÔÑõ»¯ÎËùÒÔ²»ÓëÈκÎËá·´Ó¦ | |
C£® | ¿ÉÓÃNa2SiO3ÈÜÒººÍCO2·´Ó¦À´ÖƱ¸H2SiO3 | |
D£® | NaOHÈÜÒº¿ÉÒÔÊ¢×°ÔÚ´ø²£Á§ÈûµÄÄ¥¿ÚÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿ÖÐ |
£¨1£©Ð´³öXµÄÔ×ӽṹʾÒâͼ£®
£¨2£©Y¡¢Z¡¢WµÄ¼òµ¥Àë×Ӱ뾶ÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡Ë³ÐòΪS2-£¾Cl-£¾Al3+£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·ûºÅ±íʾ£©£®
£¨3£©º¬YµÄijÖÖÑγ£ÓÃ×÷¾»Ë®¼Á£¬Æ侻ˮÔÀíÊÇAl3+3H2O?Al£¨OH£©3£¨½ºÌ壩+3H+£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£©£®
¢ò£®ÔËÓÃËùѧ»¯Ñ§ÔÀí£¬½â¾öÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨4£©ÒÑÖª£º¢ÙC£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©£»¡÷H=a kJ•mol-1£»
¢ÚCO2£¨g£©+C£¨s£©¨T2CO£¨g£©£»¡÷H=b kJ•mol-1£»
¢ÛSi£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©¨TSiO2£¨s£©£»¡÷H=c kJ•mol-1£®
¹¤ÒµÉÏÉú²ú´Ö¹èµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2C£¨s£©+SiO2£¨s£©=2CO£¨g£©+Si£¨s£©¡÷H=£¨a+b-c£©kJ•mol-1£®
ζÈ/¡æ | 400 | 500 | 800 |
ƽºâ³£ÊýK | 9.94 | 9 | 1 |
£¨6£©ÒÔÈÛÈÚK2CO3Ϊµç½âÖʵÄÒ»ÖÖÐÂÐÍÇâÑõȼÁϵç³Ø¹¤×÷ÔÀíÈçͼËùʾ£®Ð´³öµç¼«AµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½H2-2e-+CO32-¨TCO2+H2O£®
CO2£¨g£©+3H2?CH3OH£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-49.0kJ•mol-1£¬²âµÃn£¨H2£©Ëæʱ¼ä±ä»¯ÈçÇúÏßIËùʾ£®ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ¸Ã·´Ó¦ÔÚ0¡«8minÄÚCO2µÄƽ¾ù·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÊÇ0.375mol•L-1•min-1 | |
B£® | ÈôÆðʼʱÏòÉÏÊöÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë3molCO2ºÍ4molH2£¬ÔòƽºâʱH2µÄÌõ¼þ·ÖÊý´óÓÚ20% | |
C£® | ÈôÆðʼÊÇÏòÉÏÊöÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë4molCO2¡¢2molH2¡¢2molCH3OHºÍ1molH2O£¨g£©£¬Ôò´ËÊÇ·´Ó¦ÏòÕý·´Ó¦·½Ïò½øÐÐ | |
D£® | ¸Ä±äÌõ¼þµÃµ½ÇúÏßII¡¢III£¬ÔòÇúÏßII¡¢III¸Ä±äµÄËû·Ö±ðÊÇÉý¸ßζȡ¢³äÈëÇâÆø |
A£® | 6.72L CO | B£® | 6.6g CO2 | C£® | 8 g SO2 | D£® | 9.6g H2SO4 |