ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
11£®ÂÁþºÏ½ðÒѳÉΪÂÖ´¬ÖÆÔì¡¢»¯¹¤Éú²úµÈÐÐÒµµÄÖØÒª²ÄÁÏ£®Ñо¿ÐÔѧϰС×éµÄÈýλͬѧ£¬Îª²â¶¨ÒÑÖªÖÊÁ¿µÄÂÁþºÏ½ð£¨Éè²»º¬ÆäËüÔªËØ£©ÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£¬Éè¼ÆÏÂÁÐÈýÖÖ²»Í¬ÊµÑé·½°¸£¨Ëù¼ÓÊÔ¼Á¾ùΪ×ãÁ¿£©½øÐÐ̽¾¿£®ÌîдÏÂÁпհף®¡¾Ì½¾¿Ò»¡¿
ʵÑé·½°¸£ºÂÁþºÏ½ð$\stackrel{ÑÎËá}{¡ú}$²â¶¨Éú³ÉÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý
ʵÑé×°ÖãºÎÊÌâÌÖÂÛ£º
£¨1£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§Ìá³ö¸ÃʵÑé×°Öò»¹»ÍêÉÆ£¬Ó¦ÔÚA¡¢BÖ®¼äÌí¼ÓÒ»¸ö×°Óмîʯ»ÒµÄ¸ÉÔï×°Öã®ÄãµÄÒâ¼ûÊÇ£º²»ÐèÒª £¨Ìî¡°ÐèÒª¡±»ò¡°²»ÐèÒª¡±£©£®
£¨2£©Îª×¼È·²â¶¨Éú³ÉÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý£¬ÊµÑéÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâÊÇ£¨Ö»ÒªÇóд³öÆäÖÐÒ»µã£©£º¼ì²é×°ÖõÄÆøÃÜÐÔ»òºÏ½ðÍêÈ«Èܽ⣨»ò¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬ»òµ÷ÕûÁ¿Æø¹ÜCµÄ¸ß¶È£¬Ê¹CÖÐÒºÃæÓëBÒºÃæÏàƽ£¬´ýÀäÈ´ÖÁÊÒÎÂÔÙ¶ÁÌå»ýµÈ£©
¡¾Ì½¾¿¶þ¡¿
ʵÑé·½°¸£ºÂÁþºÏ½ð$\stackrel{ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº}{¡ú}$¹ýÂË£¬²â¶¨Ê£Óà¹ÌÌåÖÊÁ¿
ÎÊÌâÌÖÂÛ£º
£¨1£©³ÆÈ¡Ò»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿µÄÂÁþºÏ½ð·ÛÄ©ÑùÆ·£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄNaOHÈÜÒº£¬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦£®ÊµÑéÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2¡ü£®
£¨2£©¹ýÂË¡¢Ï´µÓ¡¢¸ÉÔï¡¢³ÆÁ¿Ê£Óà¹ÌÌ壮ÈôδϴµÓ¹ÌÌ壬²âµÃþµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý½«Æ«¸ß£¨Ìî¡°Æ«¸ß¡±»ò¡°Æ«µÍ¡±£©£®
¡¾Ì½¾¿Èý¡¿
ʵÑé·½°¸£ºÂÁþºÏ½ð $\stackrel{ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº}{¡ú}$¹ýÂ˺óµÄÂËÒº $\stackrel{ÑÎËá}{¡ú}$¹ýÂË£¬²â¶¨³ÁµíÖÊÁ¿
ÎÊÌâÌÖÂÛ£º
£¨1£©¼×ͬѧÈÏΪ¸Ã·½°¸²»¿ÉÐУ¬ÊÔ˵Ã÷ÀíÓÉ£ºAl£¨OH£©3ÊÇÁ½ÐÔÇâÑõ»¯Î¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËáÎÞ³ÁµíÉú³É£¨¼ÓÈëÑÎËáµÄÁ¿²»Ò׿ØÖÆ£©£®
£¨2£©ÒÒͬѧÈÏΪֻҪµ÷ÕûËù¼ÓÊÔ¼ÁµÄ˳Ðò£¬¾Í¿ÉÒԴﵽʵÑéÄ¿µÄ£¬Èç¹ûËûµÄ¿´·¨ÕýÈ·£¬
ÔòËùµÃµÄ³ÁµíÊÇMg£¨OH£©2£®
£¨3£©±ûͬѧÈÏΪҲ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÓÃ×ãÁ¿AÎïÖÊ´úÌæÑÎËáÀ´´ïµ½ÊµÑéÄ¿µÄ£¬ÔòAÎïÖÊ¿ÉÒÔÊÇCO2£¬Çëд³ö¶ÔÓ¦·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£ºNaAlO2+H2O+CO2=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+NaHCO3£®
·ÖÎö ̽¾¿Ò»£º£¨1£©ÂÈ»¯Ç⼫Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®£¬»Ó·¢µÄÂÈ»¯Çâ²»Ó°ÏìÇâÆøÌå»ýµÄ²â¶¨½á¹û£¬ËùÒÔ²»ÐèÒª¼Ó³ýÎí×°Öã»
£¨2£©×°ÖõÄÆøÃÜÐÔ¡¢ºÏ½ðÊÇ·ñÍêÈ«Èܽ⣨»ò¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬ»òµ÷ÕûÁ¿Æø¹ÜCµÄ¸ß¶È£¬Ê¹CÖÐÒºÃæÓëBÒºÃæÏàƽ£¬´ýÀäÈ´ÖÁÊÒÎÂÔÙ¶ÁÌå»ý£©µÈ»áÓ°Ïì²â¶¨½á¹û£»
̽¾¿¶þ£º£¨1£©ÂÁÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆÓëÇâÆø£»
£¨2£©Ã¾Éϻḽ×ÅÆ«ÂÁËáÄƵÈÎïÖÊ£¬Î´Ï´µÓµ¼Ö²ⶨµÄþµÄÖÊÁ¿Æ«´ó£»
̽¾¿Èý£º£¨1£©Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðÈÜÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬¹ýÂ˵õ½Éú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÑÎËáµÄÁ¿²»Ò׿ØÖÆ£¬²â¶¨½á¹û²»×¼È·£»
£¨2£©ÏȼÓÑÎËáÈܽâÉú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÂÁ¡¢ÂÈ»¯Ã¾ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÃµ½ÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾³Áµí£»
£¨3£©ÉÏÊöÁ÷³ÌÖÐÉú³ÉµÄÂËҺΪƫÂÁËáÄÆÈÜÒº£¬×îºÃͨÈë¹ýÁ¿¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ³ÁµíºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆ£®
½â´ð ½â£ºÌ½¾¿Ò»£º£¨1£©ÓÉÓÚÂÈ»¯Ç⼫Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®£¬»Ó·¢µÄÂÈ»¯Çâ²»Ó°ÏìÇâÆøÌå»ýµÄ²â¶¨½á¹û£¬ËùÒÔ²»ÐèÒª¼Ó³ýÎí×°Öã¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º²»ÐèÒª£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦ÖÐ×°ÖõÄÆøÃÜÐÔ¡¢ºÏ½ðÊÇ·ñÍêÈ«Èܽⶼ»áÓ°Ïì²â¶¨½á¹û£¬ËùÒÔÐèÒª¼ì²é×°ÖõÄÆøÃÜÐÔ»òºÏ½ðÍêÈ«Èܽ⣨»ò¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬ»òµ÷ÕûÁ¿Æø¹ÜCµÄ¸ß¶È£¬Ê¹CÖÐÒºÃæÓëBÒºÃæÏàƽ£¬´ýÀäÈ´ÖÁÊÒÎÂÔÙ¶ÁÌå»ýµÈ£©
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼ì²é×°ÖõÄÆøÃÜÐÔ»òºÏ½ðÍêÈ«Èܽ⣨»ò¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬ»òµ÷ÕûÁ¿Æø¹ÜCµÄ¸ß¶È£¬Ê¹CÖÐÒºÃæÓëBÒºÃæÏàƽ£¬´ýÀäÈ´ÖÁÊÒÎÂÔÙ¶ÁÌå»ýµÈ£©£»
̽¾¿¶þ£º£¨1£©ÂÁÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆÓëÇâÆø£¬·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2¡ü£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2¡ü£»
£¨2£©Ã¾Éϻḽ×ÅÆ«ÂÁËáÄƵÈÎïÖÊ£¬Î´Ï´µÓµ¼Ö²ⶨµÄþµÄÖÊÁ¿Æ«´ó£¬Ã¾µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÆ«¸ß£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÆ«¸ß£»
[̽¾¿Èý]£¨1£©Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðÈÜÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬¹ýÂ˵õ½Éú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÑÎËáµÄÁ¿²»Ò׿ØÖÆ£¬Al£¨OH£©3ÊÇÁ½ÐÔÇâÑõ»¯Î¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËáÎÞ³ÁµíÉú³É£¨¼ÓÈëÑÎËáµÄÁ¿²»Ò׿ØÖÆ£©£¬²â¶¨½á¹û²»×¼È·£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl£¨OH£©3ÊÇÁ½ÐÔÇâÑõ»¯Î¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËáÎÞ³ÁµíÉú³É£¨¼ÓÈëÑÎËáµÄÁ¿²»Ò׿ØÖÆ£©£»
£¨2£©ÏȼÓÑÎËáÈܽâÉú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÂÁ¡¢ÂÈ»¯Ã¾ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÃµ½ÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾³Áµí£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMg£¨OH£©2£»
£¨3£©ÉÏÊöÁ÷³ÌÖÐÉú³ÉµÄÂËҺΪƫÂÁËáÄÆÈÜÒº£¬ÓÃ×ãÁ¿AÎïÖÊ´úÌæÑÎËáÀ´´ïµ½ÊµÑéÄ¿£¬×îºÃͨÈë¹ýÁ¿¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ³ÁµíºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆ£ºNaAlO2+H2O+CO2=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+NaHCO3£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCO2£»NaAlO2+H2O+CO2=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+NaHCO3£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÎïÖʺ¬Á¿µÄ²â¶¨¡¢¶ÔʵÑéÔÀíÓë×°ÖõÄÀí½â¡¢ÊµÑé·½°¸Éè¼ÆµÈ£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬Àí½âʵÑéÔÀíÊǽâÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÊǶÔ֪ʶµÄ×ۺϿ¼²é£¬ÐèҪѧÉú¾ßÓÐ֪ʶµÄ»ù´¡Óë×ÛºÏÔËÓÃ֪ʶ·ÖÎöÎÊÌâ¡¢½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄÄÜÁ¦£®
A£® | ҪʹAlCl3ÈÜÒºÖÐAl3+È«²¿³Áµí³öÀ´¿ÉʹÓð±Ë® | |
B£® | Òª¼ìÑéijÈÜÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñº¬Fe3+¿É¼ÓÈëÌú·Û | |
C£® | ÐÂÖƵÄÂÈË®ÖмÓÈëпÁ£¿É¼ìÑéÆäÖк¬H+ | |
D£® | ijÆøÌåÄÜʹƷºìÈÜÒºÍÊÉ«£¬¸ÃÆøÌåÒ»¶¨ÎªSO2 |
A£® | XÒ»¶¨Ö»ÓÉCO×é³É | |
B£® | XÒ»¶¨Ö»ÓÉH2ºÍCO2×é³É | |
C£® | X¿ÉÄÜÓÉ0.1 g H2ºÍ4.4 g CO2×é³É | |
D£® | X¿ÉÄÜÓÉ0.1 g H2¡¢1.4 g COºÍ2.2 g CO2×é³É |
A£® | A3BC2 | B£® | A4B2C | C£® | A8B3C3 | D£® | A4B2C2 |
A£® | Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏÂÄÜ·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦ºÍÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦ | |
B£® | ·Ö×ÓʽÊÇC11H12O4 | |
C£® | ±½»·ÉϵÄÒ»ÂÈ´úÎïÓÐ2ÖÖ | |
D£® | º¬ÓÐÒ»ÖÖº¬Ñõ¹ÙÄÜÍÅ |