ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
14£®Ä³ÈÜÒºÖ»º¬ÓÐÏÂÁÐÀë×Ó£ºNH4+¡¢Na+¡¢Fe2+¡¢NO3-¡¢I-¡¢SO32-¡¢AlO2-ÖеÄËÄÖÖ£¨ºöÂÔË®µÄµçÀ룩£¬ÇÒ¸÷Àë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬ÏÖ½øÐÐÈçÏÂʵÑ飺¢ÙÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº¼ÓNaOHÈÜÒº¹²ÈÈ£¬²úÉú´Ì¼¤ÐÔÆøζµÄÆøÌ壬δ¹Û²ìµ½ÆäËüÃ÷ÏÔÏÖÏó£»
¢ÚÁíÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº¼Ó×ãÁ¿µÄÏõËᣬ¿É¹Û²ìµ½ºì×ØÉ«ÆøÌ壬δ¹Û²ìµ½³ÁµíÉú³É£®
¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöʵÑ飬ÒÔÏÂ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ÓÉʵÑé¢ÙÖ»ÄÜÈ·¶¨ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨ÓÐNH4+£¬Ã»ÓÐFe2+£® | |
B£® | ȡʵÑé¢ÚºóµÄÈÜÒºµÎ¼Óµí·ÛÈÜÒº£¬¿ÉÄܱäÀ¶É«£® | |
C£® | ÔÈÜÒºÖпÉÄܺ¬ÓÐNH4+¡¢Na+¡¢SO32-¡¢I-ËÄÖÖÀë×Ó | |
D£® | È¡ÉÙÁ¿ÔÈÜÒº¼ÓËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒº£¬¿ÉÄÜÓÐÁ½ÖÖÀë×Ó±»Ñõ»¯ |
·ÖÎö ¢ÙÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº¼ÓNaOHÈÜÒº¹²ÈÈ£¬²úÉú´Ì¼¤ÐÔÆøζµÄÆøÌ弴ΪNH3£¬¼´ÈÜÒºÖк¬NH4+£¬¸ù¾ÝNH4+ÊÇÈõ¼îÑôÀë×Ó£¬ÄܺÍAlO2-·¢ÉúË«Ë®½âÀ´·ÖÎö£»Î´¹Û²ìµ½ÆäËüÃ÷ÏÔÏÖÏ󣬹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÎÞFe2+£»
¢ÚÁíÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº¼Ó×ãÁ¿µÄÏõËᣬ¿É¹Û²ìµ½ºì×ØÉ«ÆøÌ壬˵Ã÷ÈÜÒºÖÐÓл¹ÔÐÔÀë×Ó£¬¼´I-¡¢SO32-¾ùÓлòÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»ÖÖ£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö£®
½â´ð ½â£ºÄ³ÈÜÒºÖ»º¬ÓÐÏÂÁÐÀë×Ó£ºNH4+¡¢Na+¡¢Fe2+¡¢NO3-¡¢I-¡¢SO32-¡¢AlO2-ÖеÄËÄÖÖ£¨ºöÂÔË®µÄµçÀ룩£¬ÇÒ¸÷Àë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàµÈ£®
¢ÙÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº¼ÓNaOHÈÜÒº¹²ÈÈ£¬²úÉú´Ì¼¤ÐÔÆøζµÄÆøÌ壬¼´NH3£¬¼´ÈÜÒºÖк¬NH4+£¬¸ù¾ÝNH4+ÊÇÈõ¼îÑôÀë×Ó£¬ÄܺÍAlO2-·¢ÉúË«Ë®½â£¬¹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÎÞAlO2-£»Î´¹Û²ìµ½ÆäËüÃ÷ÏÔÏÖÏ󣬹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÎÞFe2+£»
¢ÚÁíÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº¼Ó×ãÁ¿µÄÏõËᣬ¿É¹Û²ìµ½ºì×ØÉ«ÆøÌ壬˵Ã÷ÈÜÒºÖÐÓл¹ÔÐÔÀë×Ó£¬¼´I-¡¢SO32-¾ùÓлòÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»ÖÖ£®
¹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨ÎÞFe2+¡¢AlO2-£»Ò»¶¨ÓÐNH4+£¬I-¡¢SO32-¾ùÓлòÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»ÖÖ£¬¿ÉÄÜÓÐNa+¡¢NO3-£®
ÓÉÓÚÀë×ÓÒªÇóÓÐ4ÖÖ£¬ÇÒ¸÷Àë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÒªÂú×ãµçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖв»ÄÜ´æÔÚSO32-£¬µ±ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐSO32-ʱ£¬ÔòÒ»¶¨»¹º¬Na+¡¢NH4+£¬²»Äܺ¬NO3-ºÍI-£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖжîÀë×ÓÖÖÀ಻ÊÇ4ÖÖ£¬²»·ûºÏÌâÒâÒªÇó£»ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬I-£¬¸ù¾ÝÒªº¬4ÖÐÀë×ÓÇÒŨ¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬¹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬Na+¡¢NH4+¡¢I-¡¢NO3-£»
A¡¢ÓÉʵÑé¢Ù³ýÁËÄÜÈ·¶¨ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨ÓÐNH4+£¬Ã»ÓÐFe2+£¬¸ù¾ÝÀë×ÓÖ®¼äµÄ»¥³âÐÔ£¬»¹ÄÜÈ·¶¨Ò»¶¨²»º¬AlO2-£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B¡¢ÓÉÓÚÈÜÒºÖк¬I-£¬¹Ê¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄÏõËáºóÄܽ«ÆäÑõ»¯ÎªI2£¬¹Ê¼ÓÈëµí·Ûºó±äÀ¶£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C¡¢¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºµÄµçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖв»ÄÜ´æÔÚSO32-£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D¡¢ÓÉÓÚÈÜÒºÖк¬Na+¡¢NH4+¡¢I-¡¢NO3-£¬¹Ê¼ÓÈë¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒººó£¬Ö»ÓÐI-±»Ñõ»¯£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£®
¹ÊÑ¡B£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÀë×ӵļìÑ飬¸ù¾ÝÀë×Ó¹²´æÔÚÒÔ¼°ÈÜÒºµÄµçÖÐÐÔÀ´·ÖÎö£¬×ÛºÏÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬ÄѶȽϴó£®
A£® | ËáÐÔÑõ»¯ÎïµÄÐÔÖÊ | B£® | Ư°×ÐÔ | ||
C£® | Ñõ»¯ÐÔ | D£® | »¹ÔÐÔ |
A£® | £¨A-x+m£©mol | B£® | £¨A-x-m£©mol | C£® | $\frac{W}{A}$£¨A-x+m£©mol | D£® | $\frac{W}{A}$£¨A-x-m£©mol |