ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
5£®X¡¢Y¡¢Z¡¢W¡¢R¡¢TÊÇÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚ³£¼ûÔªËØ£¬ÇÒÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö´ó£¬ÆäÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢ÈçÏÂ±í£ºÔªËØ | Ïà¹ØÐÅÏ¢ |
X | ÔªËØ×î¸ßÕý¼ÛÓë×îµÍ¸º¼ÛµÄ¾ø¶ÔÖµÏàµÈ |
Y | ÊǵؿÇÖк¬Á¿×î¶àµÄÔªËØ |
Z | ÔªËØ»ù̬Ô×Ó3pÄܼ¶Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸öµç×Ó |
W | ÓëZλÓÚͬÖÜÆÚ£¬ÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄp Äܼ¶µç×ÓΪ°ë³äÂú |
R | µ¥ÖÊΪ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌ壬³£´æÔÚÓÚ»ðɽÅç·¢¿Ú |
T | ÔªËØ»ù̬Ô×ÓºËδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó×î¶à |
£¨1£©RλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÚÈýÖÜÆÚµÚ¢öA×壻TµÄ»ù̬Ô×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£®
£¨2£©Óá°£¾¡±»ò¡°£¼¡±Ìî¿Õ£º
µÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ | Àë×Ӱ뾶 | Àë×Ó»¹ÔÐÔ | ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯ÎïµÄÈÛµã |
W£¾R | Y£¾Z | Y£¼R | X£¼Z |
£¨4£©Y¼°ÆäͬÖ÷×åÔªËصÄÇ⻯Îï·Ðµã±ä»¯Ç÷ÊÆÈçͼËùʾ£¬ÆäÖÐYµÄÇ⻯Îï·Ðµã×î¸ßµÄÔÒòÊÇË®·Ö×Ó¼ä¿ÉÒÔÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬´ó´ó¼ÓÇ¿ÁË·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬´Ó¶øʹˮµÄ·Ðµã×î¸ß£®
£¨5£©ÔÚ101KPa¡¢25¡æÏ£¬ÓÉ×îÎȶ¨µ¥ÖÊÉú³É1mol¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïÊǵÄÈÈЧӦ³ÆΪ¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïµÄ±ê×¼Éú³ÉìÊ£¨¡÷H£©£®ÒÑÖªZ2O3±ê×¼Éú³ÉìÊ£¨¡÷H£©Îª£º¡÷H=-399.09kJ/mol£¬T2O3µÄ±ê×¼Éú³ÉìÊ£¨¡÷H£©Îª£º¡÷H=-269.70kJ/mol£¬ÊÔд³öµ¥ÖÊZºÍT2O3·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ2Al£¨s£©+Cr2O3£¨s£©=2Cr+Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-129.39kJ/mol£®
·ÖÎö XÔªËØ×î¸ßÕý¼ÛÓë×îµÍ¸º¼ÛµÄ¾ø¶ÔÖµÏàµÈ£¬ÔòXΪH»ò¢ôA×åÔªËØ£¬½áºÏ£¨3£©¿ÉÖªXΪCÔªËØ£»
YÊǵؿÇÖк¬Á¿×î¶àµÄÔªËØ£¬ÔòYΪOÔªËØ£»ZÔªËØÔ×Ó3pÄܼ¶ÉÏÓÐ1¸öµç×Ó£¬ÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3s23p1£¬¹ÊZΪAlÔªËØ£»
WÓëZλÓÚͬÖÜÆÚ£¬ÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄpÄܼ¶µç×ÓΪ°ë³äÂú£¬ÔòÆä×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º3s23p3£¬¹ÊWΪPÔªËØ£»
RµÄµ¥ÖÊΪ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌ壬³£´æÔÚÓÚ»ðɽÅç·¢¿Ú£¬ÔòRΪSÔªËØ£»
TÔªËØ»ù̬Ô×ÓºËδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó×î¶à£¬Æäµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£¬ÔòTΪCrÔªËØ£¬¾Ý´Ë½øÐнâ´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£ºXÔªËØ×î¸ßÕý¼ÛÓë×îµÍ¸º¼ÛµÄ¾ø¶ÔÖµÏàµÈ£¬ÔòXΪH»ò¢ôA×åÔªËØ£¬½áºÏ£¨3£©¿ÉÖªXΪCÔªËØ£»YÊǵؿÇÖк¬Á¿×î¶àµÄÔªËØ£¬ÔòYΪOÔªËØ£»ZÔªËØÔ×Ó3pÄܼ¶ÉÏÓÐ1¸öµç×Ó£¬ÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3s23p1£¬¹ÊZΪAlÔªËØ£»WÓëZλÓÚͬÖÜÆÚ£¬ÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄpÄܼ¶µç×ÓΪ°ë³äÂú£¬ÔòÆä×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º3s23p3£¬¹ÊWΪPÔªËØ£»RµÄµ¥ÖÊΪ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌ壬³£´æÔÚÓÚ»ðɽÅç·¢¿Ú£¬ÔòRΪSÔªËØ£»TÔªËØ»ù̬Ô×ÓºËδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó×î¶à£¬Æäµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£¬ÔòTΪCrÔªËØ£¬
£¨1£©RΪSÔªËØ£¬Ô×ÓÐòÊýΪ16£¬Î»ÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÚÈýÖÜÆÚµÚ¢öA×壻TΪCrÔªËØ£¬Æä»ù̬Ô×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÈý£»¢öA£»1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£»
£¨2£©WΪP¡¢RΪS£¬¶þÕß´¦ÓÚͬһÖÜÆÚ£¬Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂËæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄµÝÔöÔªËصĵÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÖð½¥Ôö´ó£¬µ«ÊÇPÔªËصÄ3p¹ìµÀµç×Ó´¦ÓÚ°ëÂú״̬£¬±È½ÏÎȶ¨£¬ÆäµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ´óÓÚS£»
YÀë×ÓΪÑõÀë×Ó¡¢ZÀë×ÓΪÂÁÀë×Ó£¬Àë×ӵĵç×Ó²ãÏàͬʱ£¬ºËµçºÉÊýÔ½´ó£¬Àë×Ӱ뾶ԽС£¬ÔòÑõÀë×Ӱ뾶´óÓÚÂÁÀë×Ó£»
YÀë×ÓΪÑõÀë×Ó£¬RÀë×ÓΪÁòÀë×Ó£¬·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬¶ÔÓ¦Àë×ӵĻ¹ÔÐÔÔ½Èõ£¬ÔòÑõÀë×ӵĻ¹ÔÐÔСÓÚÁòÀë×Ó£»
XµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯ÎïΪ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Îª¹²¼Û»¯ºÏÎZµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯ÎïΪÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬Ñõ»¯ÂÁΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎËùÒÔ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÈÛµãСÓÚÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¾£»£¾£»£¼£»£¼£»
£¨3£©XΪCµÄµ¥ÖÊΪC£¬RΪSÔªËØ£¬Æä×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔӦˮ»¯ÎïµÄŨÈÜҺΪŨÁòËᣬCÓëŨÁòËáÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þÏ£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢¶þÑõ»¯ÁòºÍË®£¬·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪ£ºC+2H2SO4£¨Å¨£©$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$CO2¡ü+2SO2¡ü+2H2O£¬±ê³öµç×ÓתÒƵķ½ÏòºÍÊýĿΪ£º»ò£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¨»ò£©£»
£¨4£©YΪÑõÔªËØ£¬ÑõÔªËصÄÇ⻯ÎïΪˮ£¬Ë®·Ö×Ó¼ä¿ÉÒÔÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬´ó´ó¼ÓÇ¿ÁË·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬´Ó¶øʹˮµÄ·Ðµã×î¸ß£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË®·Ö×Ó¼ä¿ÉÒÔÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬´ó´ó¼ÓÇ¿ÁË·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬´Ó¶øʹˮµÄ·Ðµã×î¸ß£»
£¨5£©Z2O3ΪAl2O3£¬T2O3ΪCr2O3£¬Al2O3±ê×¼Éú³ÉìÊ£¨¡÷H£©Îª£º¡÷H=-399.09kJ/mol£¬ÔòÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º¢Ù2Al£¨s£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©=Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-399.09kJ/mol£¬
Cr2O3µÄ±ê×¼Éú³ÉìÊ£¨¡÷H£©Îª£º¡÷H=-269.70kJ/mol£¬ÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º¢Ú2Cr£¨s£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©=Cr2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-269.70kJ/mol£¬
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ¢Ù-¢Ú¿ÉµÃ£ºµ¥ÖÊAlºÍCr2O3·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º2Al£¨s£©+Cr2O3£¨s£©=2Cr+Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-129.39kJ/mol£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Al£¨s£©+Cr2O3£¨s£©=2Cr+Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-129.39kJ/mol£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËλÖᢽṹÓëÐÔÖʹØϵµÄ×ÛºÏÓ¦Óã¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬ÕýÈ·Íƶϸ÷ÔªËØÃû³ÆΪ½â´ð¹Ø¼ü£¬ÊÔÌâ֪ʶµã½Ï¶à¡¢×ÛºÏÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬³ä·Ö¿¼²éÁËѧÉú´ïµ½·ÖÎö¡¢Àí½âÄÜÁ¦¼°Áé»îÓ¦Óûù´¡ÖªÊ¶µÄÄÜÁ¦£¬×¢ÒâÊìÁ·ÕÆÎÕÔ×ӽṹÓëÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±í¡¢ÔªËØÖÜÆÚÂɵĹØϵ£®
A£® | Ô»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖеÄCO32-ÓëAlO2-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ1£º2 | |
B£® | V1£ºV2=l£º5 | |
C£® | MµãʱÉú³ÉµÄCO2Ϊ0.05mol | |
D£® | eÇúÏß±íʾµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºAl£¨OH£©3+3H+=Al3++3H2O |
A£® | NH4+¡¢Fe3+¡¢SO42-¡¢Cl- | B£® | Ba2+¡¢K+¡¢OH-¡¢NO3- | ||
C£® | Al3+¡¢Cu2+¡¢SO42-¡¢Cl- | D£® | Na+¡¢Ca2+¡¢Cl-¡¢NO3- |
A£® | K+¡¢NH4+¡¢HCO3-¡¢AlO2- | B£® | K+¡¢Cl-¡¢Fe3+¡¢SO42- | ||
C£® | K+¡¢I-¡¢ClO-¡¢Na+ | D£® | Na+¡¢SO32-¡¢S2-¡¢Cl- |
A£® | ÂÁÓëV2O5·¢ÉúÂÁÈÈ·´Ó¦ | B£® | þ·ÛͶÈëµ½FeCl3ÈÜÒºÖÐ | ||
C£® | ̼·ÛÓëCuO»ìºÏÎïÔÚÊÔ¹ÜÖмÓÈÈ | D£® | Ë®ÕôÆøͨÈë×ãÁ¿Na2O2·ÛÄ© |
A£® | Al 1s22s22p63s23p1 | B£® | O2-¡¡1s22s22p4 | ||
C£® | Na¡¡1s22s22p63s1 | D£® | F¡¡1s22s22p5 |