ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
12£®¹²¼Û¼ü¶¼ÓмüÄÜ֮˵£¬¼üÄÜÊÇÖ¸²ð¿ª1mol¹²¼Û¼üËùÐèÒªÎüÊÕµÄÄÜÁ¿»òÐγÉ1mol¹²¼Û¼üËù·Å³öµÄÄÜÁ¿£®£¨1£©ÒÑÖªH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄÜΪ431.4kJ/mol£¬ÏÂÁйØÓÚ¼üÄܵÄÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇAD£®
A£®Ã¿Éú³É1mol H-Cl¼ü·Å³ö431.4kJÄÜÁ¿
B£®Ã¿Éú³É1mol H-Cl¼üÎüÊÕ431.4kJÄÜÁ¿
C£®Ã¿²ð¿ª1mol H-Cl¼ü·Å³ö431.4kJÄÜÁ¿
D£®Ã¿²ð¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üÎüÊÕ431.4kJÄÜÁ¿
£¨2£©²Î¿¼Ï±íÖеÄÊý¾Ý£¬ÅжÏÏÂÁзÖ×ÓÊÜÈÈʱ×îÎȶ¨µÄÊÇA£®
»¯Ñ§¼ü | H-H | H-F | H-Cl | H-Br |
¼üÄÜ/kJ/mol | 436 | 565 | 431 | 368 |
£¨3£©ÄÜÓüüÄÜ´óС½âÊ͵ÄÊÇA£®
A£®µªÆøµÄ»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʱÈÑõÆøÎȶ¨
B£®³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬äå³ÊҺ̬£¬µâ³Ê¹Ì̬
C£®Ï¡ÓÐÆøÌåÒ»°ãºÜÄÑ·¢Éú»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦
D£®ÏõËáÒ×»Ó·¢¶øÁòËáÄѻӷ¢
£¨4£©ÒÑÖª£º4HCl+O2¨T2Cl2+2H2O£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦ÖУ¬4mol HCl±»Ñõ»¯£¬·Å³ö115.6kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£®¶Ï¿ª1mol H-O¼üÓë¶Ï¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üËùÐèÄÜÁ¿Ïà²îԼΪ31.9kJ£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾Ý¼üÄܵĺ¬Òå¿ÉÖª£¬²ð¿ª»¯Ñ§¼üÒªÎüÊÕÄÜÁ¿£¬Ðγɻ¯Ñ§¼ü·Å³öÄÜÁ¿£¬ÒÑÖªH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄÜΪ431.4kJ/mol£¬¸ù¾Ý¼üÄܸÅÄî·ÖÎö£»
£¨2£©¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬¼üÔ½Îȶ¨£»
£¨3£©A£®¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬·Ö×ÓÔ½Îȶ¨£»
B£®·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Ô½´ó£¬·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄÈÛµãÔ½¸ß£»
C£®Ï¡ÓÐÆøÌåΪµ¥Ô×Ó·Ö×Ó£¬Ã»Óл¯Ñ§¼ü£»
D£®ÎïÖÊÏë»Ó·¢ÐÔÓëÆä·ÐµãÓйأ®
£¨4£©·´Ó¦ÈÈ¡÷H=·´Ó¦Îï×ܼüÄÜ-Éú³ÉÎïµÄ×ܼüÄÜ£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËãH-O¼üÓëH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄܲ½ø¶ø¼ÆËã¶Ï¿ª1mol H-O¼üÓë¶Ï¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üËùÐèÄÜÁ¿²î£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÒÑÖªH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄÜΪ431.4kJ/mol£¬ËùÒÔÒª²ð¿ª1 molH-Cl¼üÐèÒªÎüÊÕ431.4kJÄÜÁ¿£¬ÒªÐγÉ1 molH-Cl¼üÐèÒª·Å³ö431.4kJÄÜÁ¿£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAD£»
£¨2£©¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬¼üÔ½Îȶ¨£¬Óɱí¸ñÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬HFµÄ¼üÄÜ×î´ó£¬ÔòHF×îÎȶ¨£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºA£»
£¨3£©A£®¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬·Ö×ÓÔ½Îȶ¨£¬µªÆøÖеĹ²¼Û¼üµÄ¼üÄܱÈÑõÆøµÄ´ó£¬ËùÒÔµªÆøµÄ»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʱÈÑõÆøÎȶ¨£¬ÄÜÓüüÄܽâÊÍ£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Ô½´ó£¬·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄÈÛµãÔ½¸ß£¬³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬äå³ÊҺ̬£¬µâ³Ê¹Ì̬£¬ÊÇÒòΪµ¥ÖʵâµÄ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦´ó£¬Óë¼üÄÜÎ޹أ¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®Ï¡ÓÐÆøÌåΪµ¥Ô×Ó·Ö×Ó£¬Ã»Óл¯Ñ§¼ü£¬ºÜÄÑ·¢Éú»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬ÊÇÒòΪÔ×Ó´ïµ½8µç×ÓÎȶ¨½á¹¹£¬²»Ò×Ðγɻ¯Ñ§¼ü£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®ÎïÖÊÏë»Ó·¢ÐÔÓëÆä·ÐµãÓйأ¬·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄ·ÐµãÓë·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Óйأ¬Óë¼üÄÜÎ޹أ¬¹ÊD´íÎó£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºA£»
£¨4£©E£¨H-O£©¡¢E£¨HCl£©·Ö±ð±íʾH-O¼üÄÜ¡¢H-Cl¼üÄÜ£¬·´Ó¦AÖУ¬4mol HCl±»Ñõ»¯£¬·Å³ö115.6kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬·´Ó¦ÈÈ¡÷H=·´Ó¦Îï×ܼüÄÜ-Éú³ÉÎïµÄ×ܼüÄÜ£¬¹Ê£º
4¡ÁE£¨H-Cl£©+498kJ/mol-[2¡Á243kJ/mol+4¡ÁE£¨H-O£©]=-116kJ/mol£¬
ÕûÀíµÃ£¬4E£¨H-Cl£©-4E£¨H-O£©=-127.6kJ/mol£¬¼´E£¨H-O£©-E£¨HCl£©=31.9kJ/mol£¬
¹Ê¶Ï¿ª1mol H-O¼üÓë¶Ï¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üËùÐèÄÜÁ¿Ïà²îԼΪ32kJ/mol¡Á1mol=31.9kJ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º31.9£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˼üÄÜÓë·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦µÄÇø±ð¡¢·´Ó¦ÈȵļÆË㣬½âÌâʱÐèÉóÇåÌâÄ¿£¬ÀíÇå¹Øϵ£¬Ã÷Îú·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦ÓëÎïÖÊ״̬Óйأ¬Óë¼üÄÜÎ޹أ¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | 0.05 mol•L-1µÄH2SO4ÈÜÒºpH=1 | |
B£® | 0.001 mol•L-1µÄNaOHÈÜÒºpH=11 | |
C£® | 0.005 mol•L-1µÄH2SO4ÈÜÒºÓë0.01 mol•L-1µÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬»ìºÏÈÜÒºpHΪ6£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ | |
D£® | ÍêÈ«ÖкÍpH=3µÄH2SO4ÈÜÒº50 mL£¬ÐèÒªpH=11µÄNaOHÈÜÒº50 mL |
IA | ¢òA | ¢óA | ¢ôA | ¢õA | ¢öA | ¢÷A | 0 | |
2 | ¢Ù | ¢Ú | ||||||
3 | ¢Û | ¢Ü | ¢Ý | ¢Þ | ¢ß | ¢à | ¢á | |
4 | ¢â | ⑪ | ⑫ |
£¨2£©»³öÔ×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼ£º¢Ý£»⑪£®
£¨3£©ÔÚ¢Ù¡«⑫ÔªËØÖУ¬½ðÊôÐÔ×îÇ¿µÄÔªËØÊÇK£¬·Ç½ðÊôÐÔ×îÇ¿µÄÔªËØÊÇF£¬×î²»»îÆõÄÔªËØÊÇAr£®£¨¾ùÌîÔªËØ·ûºÅ£©
£¨4£©ÔªËØ¢ßÓëÔªËØ¢àÏà±È£¬·Ç½ðÊôÐÔ½ÏÇ¿µÄÊÇCl£¨ÓÃÔªËØ·ûºÅ±íʾ£©£¬ÏÂÁбíÊöÖÐÄÜÖ¤Ã÷ÕâÒ»ÊÂʵµÄÊÇb£®
a£®³£ÎÂÏ¢ߵĵ¥Öʺ͢àµÄµ¥ÖÊ״̬²»Í¬
b£®¢àµÄÇ⻯Îï±È¢ßµÄÇ⻯ÎïÎȶ¨
c£®Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ¢ߺ͢àµÄµ¥Öʶ¼ÄÜÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦
£¨5£©µÚÈýÖÜÆÚÖÐÔ×Ӱ뾶×î´óµÄÔªËظúËüͬÖÜÆÚÖÐÔ×Ӱ뾶×îСµÄÔªËØ£¨Ï¡ÓÐÆøÌå³ýÍ⣩¿ÉÒÔÐγÉÀë×Ó£¨ÌîÀë×Ó»ò¹²¼Û£©»¯ºÏÎ
£¨6£©ÔªËØ¢ÞÊǹ¹³ÉµØ¿ÇµÄÖ÷ÒªÔªËØÖ®Ò»£¬ÆäÑõ»¯ÎïÊÇÏÖ´ú¹âѧ¼°¹âÏËÖÆÆ·µÄ»ù±¾ÔÁÏ£¬¸ÃÑõ»¯ÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªSiO2¸ÃÑõ»¯ÎïÖк¬ÓеĻ¯Ñ§¼üÊǹ²¼Û¼ü£¨Ìî¡°Àë×Ó¡±»ò¡°¹²¼Û¡±£©
A£® | Ë® | B£® | äåË® | C£® | FeCl3ÈÜÒº | D£® | Òø°±ÈÜÒº |
A£® | ÓÃÒ»¶¨Á¿NaOHÏ¡ÈÜÒººÍÏ¡ÑÎËá·´Ó¦²âµÃµÄÖкÍÈÈÊý¾Ý£¬À´ÍÆËãÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄÏ¡H2SO4ºÍNaOHÏ¡ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ÈÈ | |
B£® | Ó÷еãÊý¾ÝÍƲâÄÜ·ñÓÃÕôÁóµÄ·½·¨½«Á½ÖÖÒºÌå»ìºÏÎï½øÐзÖÀë | |
C£® | Ó÷´Ó¦ÈÈÊý¾ÝµÄ´óСÅжϲ»Í¬·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ´óС | |
D£® | ÓÃÔ×Ó£¨»òÀë×Ó£©°ë¾¶Êý¾ÝÍƶÏijЩÔ×Ó£¨»òÀë×Ó£©Ñõ»¯ÐÔ»ò»¹ÔÐÔµÄÇ¿Èõ |
¢ÙβÆøÓð±Ë®´¦Àí¡¡
¢ÚÎÛË®ÓÃʯ»ÒÈé´¦Àí
¢Û·ÏÔüÓÃÀ´ÔìË®Äà¡¢Á¶Ìú¡¡
¢ÜÉèÖ÷ÏÈȹø¯²úÉúÕôÆû¡¢¹©ÈÈ»ò·¢µç£®
A£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Û¢Ü | B£® | ¢Ù¢Û¢Ü | C£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Û | D£® | ¢Ù¢Ú |
A£® | 3p2±íʾ3pÄܼ¶ÓÐÁ½¸ö¹ìµÀ | |
B£® | ´¦ÓÚ×îµÍÄÜÁ¿µÄÔ×Ó½Ð×ö»ù̬Ô×Ó | |
C£® | ͬһÔ×ÓÖУ¬1s¡¢2s¡¢3sµç×ÓµÄÄÜÁ¿Öð½¥¼õС | |
D£® | ͬһÔ×ÓÖУ¬1p¡¢2p¡¢3pµç¼¶µÄ¹ìµÀÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö¶à |