ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
10£®ÔÚʵÑéÖпÉÒÔÓÃͼËùʾװÖÃÖƱ¸1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍ飮ÆäÖзÖҺ©¶·ºÍÉÕÆ¿aÖÐ×°ÓÐÒÒ´¼ºÍŨÁòËáµÄ»ìºÏÒº£ºÊÔ¹ÜdÖÐ×°ÓÐŨä壨±íÃ渲¸ÇÉÙÁ¿Ë®£©£®ÌîдÏÂÁпհףº
£¨1£©Ð´³ö±¾ÌâÖÐÖƱ¸1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍéµÄÁ½¸ö»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽCH3CH2OH$¡ú_{170¡æ}^{ŨH_{2}SO_{4}}$CH2=CH2¡ü+H2O¡¢CH2=CH2+Br2¡úCH2BrCH2Br£»
£¨2£©ÈÝÆ÷cÖÐNaOHÈÜÒºµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇ£º³ýÈ¥ÒÒÏ©Öдø³öµÄSO2¡¢CO2µÈËáÐÔÆøÌ壻
£¨3£©Ä³Ñ§Éú×ö´ËʵÑéʱ£¬Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄÒºä壬µ±äåÈ«²¿ÍÊɫʱ£¬ËùÏûºÄÒÒ´¼ºÍŨÁòËá»ìºÏÒºµÄÁ¿±ÈÕý³£Çé¿öϳ¬³öÐí¶à£¬Èç¹û×°ÖõÄÆøÃÜÐÔûÓÐÎÊÌ⣬¿ÉÄÜÔÒòÓÐÒÒÏ©·¢Éú£¨»òͨ¹ýÒºä壩Ëٶȹý¿ì£¨»òʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒÒÏ©ºÍŨÁòËáµÄ»ìºÏҺûÓÐѸËÙ´ïµ½170¡æ£¬·¢Éú¸±·´Ó¦£©£®£¨Ëµ³öÒ»Ìõ£©
£¨4£©·´Ó¦ÖÐŨÁòËáÆð´ß»¯¼Á¡¢ÍÑË®¼Á µÄ×÷Óã®
·ÖÎö ʵÑéÔÀí£ºÒÒ´¼ºÍŨÁòËá·´Ó¦Ö÷ÒªÉú³ÉÒÒÏ©ÆøÌ壬·´Ó¦Îª£ºCH3CH2OH$¡ú_{170¡æ}^{ŨH_{2}SO_{4}}$CH2=CH2¡ü+H2O£¬»¹¿ÉÄÜ»ìÓÐ̼ºÍŨÁòËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄCO2ºÍSO2ÆøÌ壬bΪ°²È«Æ¿£¬cΪ¾»»¯³ýÔÓ×°Öã¬dΪÒÒÏ©ºÍäåµÄ·´Ó¦×°Ö㬷´Ó¦Îª£ºCH2=CH2+Br2¡úCH2BrCH2Br£¬eΪβÆøÎüÊÕ×°Öã®
£¨1£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖÐÓÃÒÒ´¼ºÍŨÁòËá¼ÓÈÈÀ´ÖÆÈ¡ÒÒÏ©£¬È»ºóÓÃÒÒÏ©ºÍäåµ¥Öʵļӳɷ´Ó¦À´ÖƵÃ1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍ飻
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÉÏÃæµÄ·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬ÒÒÏ©ÖпÉÄÜÓÐCO2ºÍSO2µÈËáÐÔÆøÌ壬¶ÔʵÑéÓиÉÈÅ£¬ËùÒÔÒª³ýÈ¥£¬CΪ¾»»¯×°Ö㬻ìºÏÆøÌåͨ¹ýcÆ¿£¬CO2ºÍSO2ÆøÌå±»ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÎüÊÕ£¬ÒÔ·ÀÖ¹ÆäÔÓÖÊÓëäå·´Ó¦£»
£¨3£©ÒÒ´¼ºÍŨÁòËá»ìºÏҺûÓÐÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÒÒÏ©£¬ÒÔ¼°ÒÒÏ©Óëäå·´Ó¦µÄÀûÓÃÂʼõÉٵĿÉÄÜÔÒò½øÐнâ´ð£»
£¨4£©Å¨ÁòËá¾ßÓÐÎüË®ÐÔ£¬ÍÑË®ÐÔ£¬Ç¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬½áºÏ¸ÃʵÑé·´Ó¦½â´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖÐÓÃÒÒ´¼ºÍŨÁòËá¼ÓÈÈÀ´ÖÆÈ¡ÒÒÏ©£¬È»ºóÓÃÒÒÏ©ºÍäåµ¥Öʵļӳɷ´Ó¦À´ÖƵÃ1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍ飬·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCH3CH2OH$¡ú_{170¡æ}^{ŨH_{2}SO_{4}}$CH2=CH2¡ü+H2O£¬CH2=CH2+Br2¡úCH2BrCH2Br£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH3CH2OH$¡ú_{170¡æ}^{ŨH_{2}SO_{4}}$CH2=CH2¡ü+H2O¡¢CH2=CH2+Br2¡úCH2BrCH2Br£»
£¨2£©aÖÐŨÁòËá¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬½«ÒÒ´¼Ñõ»¯³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬×ÔÉí±»»¹Ô³É¶þÑõ»¯Áò£¬CH3CH2OH+4H2SO4£¨Å¨£©$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$4SO2¡ü+CO2¡ü+7H2O+C£¬¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢¶þÑõ»¯ÁòÄܺÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦¶ø±»ÎüÊÕ£¬·´Ó¦Îª£ºSO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O£¬CO2+2NaOH¨TNa2CO3+H2O£¬ËùÒÔÈÝÆ÷cÖÐËù×°µÄNaOHÈÜÒº×÷ÓÃΪ£¬³ýÈ¥ÒÒÏ©Öдø³öµÄSO2¡¢CO2µÈËáÐÔÆøÌåÔÓÖÊ£¬ÒÔ·ÀÖ¹ÆäÔÓÖÊÓëäå·´Ó¦£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNaOHÈÜÒº£»³ýÈ¥ÒÒÏ©Öдø³öµÄSO2¡¢CO2µÈËáÐÔÆøÌ壻
£¨3£©µ±äåÈ«²¿ÍÊɫʱ£¬ËùÏûºÄÒÒ´¼ºÍŨÁòËá»ìºÏÒºµÄÁ¿£¬±ÈÕý³£Çé¿öϳ¬¹ýÐí¶àµÄÔÒò¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒÒÏ©·¢Éú£¨»òͨ¹ýÒºä壩Ëٶȹý¿ì£¬µ¼Ö´󲿷ÖÒÒϩûÓкÍäå·¢Éú·´Ó¦£»´ËÍ⣬Ҳ¿ÉÄÜÊÇʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒÒÏ©ºÍŨÁòËáµÄ»ìºÏҺûÓÐѸËÙ´ïµ½170¡æ¶øÉú³ÉÁËÒÒÃѵȣ¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÒÒÏ©·¢Éú£¨»òͨ¹ýÒºä壩Ëٶȹý¿ì£¨»òʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒÒÏ©ºÍŨÁòËáµÄ»ìºÏҺûÓÐѸËÙ´ïµ½170¡æ£¬·¢Éú¸±·´Ó¦£©£»
£¨4£©ÀûÓÃÒÒ´¼ÔÚŨÁòËáµÄ´ß»¯×÷ÓÃÏ·¢Éú·Ö×ÓÄÚÍÑË®ÖÆÈ¡ÒÒÏ©£¬Å¨ÁòËáÆð´ß»¯¼Á×÷Óá¢ÍÑË®¼Á×÷Óã¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º´ß»¯¼Á¡¢ÍÑË®¼Á£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÖƱ¸ÊµÑé·½°¸µÄÉè¼Æ¡¢äåÒÒÍéµÄÖÆÈ¡·½·¨£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬×¢ÒâÕÆÎÕäåÒÒÍéµÄÖÆÈ¡ÔÀí¡¢·´Ó¦×°ÖÃÑ¡Ôñ¼°³ýÔÓ¡¢Ìá´¿·½·¨ÊǽâÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢ÖØÅàÑøѧÉú·ÖÎöÎÊÌâ¡¢½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄÄÜÁ¦£®
ÈÝÆ÷±àºÅ | Æðʼʱ¸÷ÎïÖÊÎïÖʵÄÁ¿/mol | ´ïƽºâʱÌåϵÄÜÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯ | ||
X2 | Y2 | XY3 | ||
¢Ù | 1 | 3 | 0 | ·ÅÈÈ46.3 kJ |
¢Ú | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.4 | Q£¨Q£¾0£© |
A£® | ÈÝÆ÷¢Ù¡¢¢ÚÖз´Ó¦´ïƽºâʱXY3µÄƽºâŨ¶ÈÏàͬ | |
B£® | ÈÝÆ÷¢Ù¡¢¢ÚÖдﵽƽºâʱ¸÷ÎïÖʵİٷֺ¬Á¿Ïàͬ | |
C£® | ´ïƽºâʱ£¬Á½¸öÈÝÆ÷ÖÐXY3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¾ùΪ2 mol•L-1 | |
D£® | ÈôÈÝÆ÷¢ÙÌå»ýΪ0.20 L£¬Ôò´ïƽºâʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿´óÓÚ46.3 kJ |
R-OH+HBr?R-Br+H2O ¢Ú
¿ÉÄÜ´æÔڵĸ±·´Ó¦ÓУº´¼ÔÚŨÁòËáµÄ´æÔÚÏÂÍÑË®Éú³ÉÏ©ºÍÃÑ£¬Br-±»Å¨ÁòËáÑõ»¯ÎªBr2µÈ£®ÓйØÊý¾ÝÈç±í£»
ÒÒ´¼ | äåÒÒÍé | Õý¶¡´¼ | 1-ä嶡Íé | |
ÃܶÈ/g•cm-3 | 0.7893 | 1.4604 | 0.8098 | 1.2758 |
·Ðµã/¡æ | 78.5 | 38.4 | 117.2 | 101.6 |
£¨1£©ÔÚäåÒÒÍéºÍ1-ä嶡ÍéµÄÖƱ¸ÊµÑéÖУ¬ÏÂÁÐÒÇÆ÷×î²»¿ÉÄÜÓõ½µÄÊÇb£®
a£®Ô²µ×ÉÕÆ¿ b£® ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ c£®×¶ÐÎÆ¿ d£®Á¿Í²
£¨2£©äå´úÌþµÄË®ÈÜÐÔСÓÚ£¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°µÈÓÚ¡±»ò¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±£©ÏàÓ¦µÄ´¼£»ÆäÔÒòÊÇ´¼·Ö×Ó¿ÉÓëË®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬äå´úÌþ²»ÄÜÓëË®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£®
£¨3£©½«1-ä嶡Íé´Ö²úÆ·ÖÃÓÚ·ÖҺ©¶·ÖмÓË®£¬Õñµ´ºó¾²Ö㬲úÎïÔÚϲ㣨Ìî¡°Éϲ㡱¡¢¡°Ï²㡱»ò¡°²»·Ö²ã¡±£©£®
£¨4£©ÖƱ¸²Ù×÷ÖУ¬¼ÓÈëµÄŨÁòËá±ØÐë½øÐÐÏ¡ÊÍ£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄ²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇa£®
a£® Ë®ÊÇ·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼Á b£®¼õÉÙBr2µÄÉú³É c£®¼õÉÙHBrµÄ»Ó·¢ d£®¼õÉÙ¸±²úÎïÏ©ºÍÃѵÄÉú³É
£¨5£©ÔÚÖƱ¸äåÒÒÍéʱ£¬²ÉÓñ߷´Ó¦±ßÕô³ö²úÎïµÄ·½·¨£¬ÆäÔÒòÊÇƽºâÏòÉú³ÉäåÒÒÍéµÄ·½ÏòÒƶ¯£¨»ò·´Ó¦¢ÚÏòÓÒÒƶ¯£©£»µ«ÔÚÖƱ¸1-ä嶡Íéʱȴ²»Äܱ߷´Ó¦±ßÕô³ö²úÎÆäÔÒòÊÇ1-ä嶡ÍéÓëÕý¶¡´¼µÄ·Ðµã²î½ÏС£¬Èô±ß·´Ó¦±ßÕôÁ󣬻áÓн϶àµÄÕý¶¡´¼±»Õô³ö£®
A£® | ¶þÕßÈÜÒºÖеÄpHÇ°Õß´ó | |
B£® | ºóÕß½ö´æÔÚË®½âƽºâ£¬²»´æÔÚµçÀëƽºâ | |
C£® | Á½ÈÜÒºÖоù´æÔÚc£¨Na+£©+c£¨H+£©=c£¨HCO${\;}_{3}^{-}$£©+2c£¨CO${\;}_{3}^{2-}$£©+c£¨OH-£© | |
D£® | ·Ö±ð¼ÓÈëNaOH¹ÌÌ壬»Ö¸´µ½Ôζȣ¬c£¨CO${\;}_{3}^{2-}$£©Ç°ÕßÔö´óºóÕß¼õС |
A£® | ÕâÖÖÈíÃÌ¿óʯÖÐMnO2µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ75% | |
B£® | ±»Ñõ»¯µÄHClµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª4mol | |
C£® | ²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄHClµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª146g | |
D£® | ±»»¹ÔµÄMnO2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª1mol |