ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ÒÑÖª´×ËáºÍÑÎËáÊÇÈÕ³£Éú»îÖм«Îª³£¼ûµÄËᣬÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬CH3COOHÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµçÀëƽºâ£ºCH3COOHCH3COO+H+ ¦¤H£¾0¡£
£¨1£©³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬ÔÚpH=5µÄÏ¡´×ËáÈÜÒºÖУ¬c(CH3COO£©=__£»£¨¾«È·Öµ£©ÏÂÁз½·¨ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔʹ0.10mol¡¤L£1CH3COOHµÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈÔö´óµÄÊÇ___¡£
a.¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿0.10mol¡¤L1µÄÏ¡ÑÎËá b.¼ÓÈÈCH3COOHÈÜÒº c.¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿±ù´×Ëá d.¼ÓˮϡÊÍÖÁ0.010mol¡¤L£1 e.¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿ÂÈ»¯ÄƹÌÌå f.¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿0.10mol¡¤L£1µÄNaOHÈÜÒº
£¨2£©ÒÑÖª£º90¡æʱ£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£ÊýΪKw=38¡Á10£14£¬ÔÚ´ËζÈÏ£¬½«pH=3µÄÑÎËáºÍpH=11µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬Ôò»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖеÄc(H+)=___£¨±£ÁôÈýλÓÐЧÊý×Ö£©¡£
£¨3£©ÏÖÓÐŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.1mol/LµÄÏÂÁÐÈÜÒº£º¢ÙÁòËá ¢Ú´×Ëá ¢ÛÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ ¢ÜÂÈ»¯ï§ ¢Ý´×Ëáï§ ¢ÞÁòËáï§ ¢ßÁòËáÇâï§ ¢à°±Ë®£¬Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
¢¡.¢Ù¡¢¢Ú¡¢¢Û¡¢¢ÜËÄÖÖÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄH£«µÄŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ(ÌîÐòºÅ)__¡£
¢¢.¢Ü¡¢¢Ý¡¢¢Þ¡¢¢ß¡¢¢àÎåÖÖÈÜÒºÖÐNH4+Ũ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ(ÌîÐòºÅ)___¡£
£¨4£©Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þϼ״¼ÓëÒ»Ñõ»¯Ì¼·´Ó¦¿ÉÒԺϳÉÒÒËá¡£³£ÎÂÌõ¼þÏ£¬½«a mol/LµÄCH3COOHÓëb mol/LBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬·´Ó¦Æ½ºâʱ£¬2c£¨Ba2+£©=c£¨CH3COO-£©£¬Óú¬aºÍbµÄ´úÊýʽ±íʾ¸Ã»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖд×ËáµÄµçÀë³£ÊýΪ___¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿£¨10£5£10£9£©mol¡¤L£1 bdf 2.05¡Á10£11mol¡¤L-1 ¢Ü¢Ú¢Û¢Ù ¢Þ¢ß¢Ü¢Ý¢à
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
£¨1£©ÈÜÒºÖÐH£«°üÀ¨´×ËáµçÀë²úÉúµÄ»¹ÓÐË®µçÀë²úÉúµÄ¡£¸ù¾ÝË®µÄÀë×Ó»ý¿ÉÖª£¬Ë®µçÀë²úÉúµÄc£¨H£«£©=c£¨OH££©==10£9mol¡¤L£1£¬Òò´Ë´×ËáµçÀë²úÉúµÄc£¨H£«£©=c£¨CH3COO££©=£¨10£5£10£9£©mol¡¤L£1£»´×Ëá´æÔڵĵçÀëƽºâΪCH3COOHCH3COO££«H£«£¬Ôò
a¡¢¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÔö´óÁËÈÜÒºc(H£«)£¬¶Ô´×ËáµÄµçÀëÆðÒÖÖÆ×÷Óã¬a´íÎó£»
b¡¢Èõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëÊÇÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Éý¸ßζȣ¬ÓÐÀûÓÚÏòµçÀë·½Ïò½øÐУ¬bÕýÈ·£»
c¡¢¼ÓÈë±ù´×ËᣬµçÀë³Ì¶È½µµÍ£¬c´íÎó£»
d¡¢¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬½µµÍÁËŨ¶È£¬¸ù¾ÝÀÕÏÄÌØÁÐÔÀí£¬Æ½ºâÏòŨ¶ÈÔö´óµÄ·½Ïò½øÐУ¬¼´ÏòµçÀë·½Ïò½øÐУ¬dÕýÈ·£»
e¡¢¼ÓÈëÂÈ»¯ÄƹÌÌ壬¶ÔµçÀëÎÞÓ°Ï죬e´íÎó£»
f¡¢¼ÓÈëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£¬ÏûºÄH£«£¬´ÙʹƽºâÏòµçÀë·½Ïò½øÐУ¬fÕýÈ·£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Ñ¡bdf£»
£¨2£©pH=3µÄÑÎËáÖÐc£¨H+£©=10-3mol/L£¬pH=11µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©==38¡Á10-3mol/L£¬»ìºÏºó£ºH++OH-=H2O£¬ËùÒÔ¼îÊ£Ó࣬ʣÓàµÄÇâÑõ¸ùµÄŨ¶ÈΪc£¨OH-£©==0.0185mol/L£¬ËùÒÔc£¨H+£©=¡Ö2.05¡Á10-11 mol¡¤L-1£»
£¨3£©¢¡.ÁòËáºÍ´×Ëá¡¢ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƾùÒÖÖÆË®µÄµçÀ룬µÈŨ¶ÈµÄÁòËáºÍ´×Ëá¡¢ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÔÚÈÜÒºÖеçÀë³öµÄH+»òOH-Ũ¶È´óС¹Øϵ£ºH2SO4£¾NaOH£¾CH3COOH£¬Òò´Ë¶ÔË®µÄµçÀëÒÖÖÆ×÷ÓÃÇ¿Èõ¹ØϵΪ£ºH2SO4£¾NaOH£¾CH3COOH£¬ÔòË®µçÀë³öÀ´µÄH+Ũ¶È´óС¹Øϵ£ºCH3COOH£¾NaOH£¾H2SO4£¬ÓÖÒòΪNH4ClÄܹ»Ë®½â£¬¶ÔË®µÄµçÀëÆð´Ù½ø×÷Óã¬ËùÒÔËÄÖÖÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄH+Ũ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳Ðò£ºNH4Cl£¾CH3COOH£¾NaOH£¾H2SO4£¬¼´¢Ü¢Ú¢Û¢Ù¡£
¢¢.ÂÈ»¯ï§ºÍÁòËáï§ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚ×ÅNH4Cl=NH4++Cl-£¬NH4++H2ONH3H2O+H+£¬´×Ëáï§ÈÜÒºÖÐCH3COONH4=CH3COO-+NH4+£¬CH3COO-+H2OCH3COOH+OH-£¬NH4++H2ONH3H2O+H+£»ÁòËáÇâï§ÈÜÒºÖÐNH4HSO4=NH4++H++SO42-£¬NH4++H2ONH3H2O+H+£»°±Ë®ÖÐNH3H2ONH4++OH-£¬µÈŨ¶ÈµÄÎåÖÖÈÜÖÊ£¬ÁòËáï§ÖÐNH4+µÄ³õʼŨ¶È×î´ó£¬ÂÈ»¯ï§ÈÜÒº¡¢´×Ëáï§ÈÜÒº¡¢ÁòËáÇâï§ÈÜÒºÖÐNH4+µÄ³õʼŨ¶ÈÏàͬ£¬´×Ëáï§ÖÐCH3COO-Ë®½âÉú³ÉµÄOH-¶ÔNH4+µÄË®½âÆð´Ù½ø×÷Óã¬ÁòËáÇâï§ÖÐH+¶ÔNH4+µÄË®½âÆðÒÖÖÆ×÷Ó㬹ÊÈýÕßÖ®¼äNH4+Ũ¶È´óСΪ£ºNH4HSO4£¾NH4Cl£¾CH3COONH4£¬ÓÖÒòΪ°±Ë®Ö»Äܲ¿·ÖµçÀ룬ÔÚÕâËÄÖÖÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓеÄNH4+Ũ¶È×îС£¬ËùÒÔÉÏÊöÎåÖÖÈÜÒºÖÐNH4+Ũ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ£º¢Þ¢ß¢Ü¢Ý¢à£»
£¨4£©³£ÎÂÌõ¼þÏ£¬½«a mol/LµÄCH3COOHÓëb mol/L Ba(OH)2ÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒº³ÊÏÖµçÖÐÐÔ£º2c(Ba2£«)+c(H+)£½c(CH3COO£)+c(OH¡ª)£¬ÓÖ2c(Ba2£«)£½c(CH3COO£)£½b mol/L£¬ÔòÈÜÒº³ÊÏÖÖÐÐÔ£¬¼´c(H+)=c(OH¡ª)=1¡Á10-7mol/L£¬¸ù¾Ý´×ËáÓëÇâÑõ»¯±µÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽȷ¶¨»ìºÏÒºÖÐc(CH3COOH)=mol/L£¬¸Ã»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖд×ËáµÄµçÀë³£ÊýΪ¡£