ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÄÜÔ´ÎÊÌâÈÕÒæ³ÉΪÖÆÔ¼¾¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄÆ¿¾±£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¹ú¼Ò¿ªÊ¼ÊµÐС°Ñô¹â¼Æ»®¡±£¬¿ª·¢Ì«ÑôÄÜ×ÊÔ´£¬Ñ°Çó¾¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄж¯Á¦£®
£¨1£©Ì«ÑôÄÜÈÈË®Æ÷Öг£Ê¹ÓÃÒ»ÖÖÒÔÄø»òÄøºÏ½ð¿ÕÐÄÇòΪÎüÊÕ¼ÁµÄÌ«ÑôÄÜÎüÈÈÍ¿²ã£¬Ð´³ö»ù̬ÄøÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½ £®
£¨2£©¸»ÀÕÏ©ÑÜÉúÎïÓÉÓÚ¾ßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄ¹âµçÐÔÄÜ£®¸»ÀÕÏ©£¨C60£©µÄ½á¹¹Èçͼ1£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐ̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪ £»1mol C60·Ö×ÓÖЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ £®¿Æѧ¼Ò°ÑC60ºÍK²ôÔÓÔÚÒ»ÆðÖÆÔì³öµÄ»¯ºÏÎï¾ßÓ㬵¼ÐÔÄÜ£¬Æ侧°ûÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïÖеÄKÔ×ÓºÍC60·Ö×ӵĸöÊý±ÈΪ £®
£¨3£©¶àÔª»¯ºÏÎﱡĤ̫ÑôÄܵç³Ø²ÄÁÏΪÎÞ»úÑΣ¬ÆäÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨É黯ïØ¡¢Áò»¯ïÓ¡¢íÚ»¯ïÓ¼°Íî÷Îø±¡Ä¤µç³ØµÈ£®¢ÙµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ£ºAs Se£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©£®
¢Ú¶þÑõ»¯Îø·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪ £®
£¨4£©½ðÊô̪ݼÅäºÏÎï¿ÉÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¹èÌ«ÑôÄܵç³ØÖУ¬Ò»ÖÖ½ðÊôþ̪ݼÅäºÏÎïµÄ½á¹¹Èçͼ3£¬ÇëÔÚͼÖÐÓüýÍ·±íʾ³öÅäλ¼üµÄλÖà £®
£¨1£©Ì«ÑôÄÜÈÈË®Æ÷Öг£Ê¹ÓÃÒ»ÖÖÒÔÄø»òÄøºÏ½ð¿ÕÐÄÇòΪÎüÊÕ¼ÁµÄÌ«ÑôÄÜÎüÈÈÍ¿²ã£¬Ð´³ö»ù̬ÄøÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½
£¨2£©¸»ÀÕÏ©ÑÜÉúÎïÓÉÓÚ¾ßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄ¹âµçÐÔÄÜ£®¸»ÀÕÏ©£¨C60£©µÄ½á¹¹Èçͼ1£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐ̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪ
£¨3£©¶àÔª»¯ºÏÎﱡĤ̫ÑôÄܵç³Ø²ÄÁÏΪÎÞ»úÑΣ¬ÆäÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨É黯ïØ¡¢Áò»¯ïÓ¡¢íÚ»¯ïÓ¼°Íî÷Îø±¡Ä¤µç³ØµÈ£®¢ÙµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ£ºAs
¢Ú¶þÑõ»¯Îø·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪ
£¨4£©½ðÊô̪ݼÅäºÏÎï¿ÉÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¹èÌ«ÑôÄܵç³ØÖУ¬Ò»ÖÖ½ðÊôþ̪ݼÅäºÏÎïµÄ½á¹¹Èçͼ3£¬ÇëÔÚͼÖÐÓüýÍ·±íʾ³öÅäλ¼üµÄλÖÃ
¿¼µã£ºÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼,¹²¼Û¼üµÄÐγɼ°¹²¼Û¼üµÄÖ÷ÒªÀàÐÍ,Åжϼòµ¥·Ö×Ó»òÀë×ӵĹ¹ÐÍ,¾§°ûµÄ¼ÆËã
רÌ⣺»¯Ñ§¼üÓ뾧Ìå½á¹¹
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©ÄøÔ×ÓºËÍâÓÐ28¸öµç×Ó£¬¸ù¾Ý¹¹ÔìÔÀíÊéдÆä»ù̬ÄøÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ýÿ¸ö̼Ô×Óº¬ÓеĦҼü¸öÊýÈ·¶¨ÆäÔÓ»¯·½Ê½£¬ÀûÓþù̯·¨¼ÆËã¦Ò¼ü¸öÊý£»¸ù¾Ý¾ù̯·¨¼ÆË㾧°ûÖÐKÔ×Ó¡¢C60·Ö×ÓÊýÄ¿£¬È·¶¨ÊýÄ¿Ö®±È£»
£¨3£©¢ÙͬһÖÜÆÚÔªËصĵÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜËæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄÔö´ó¶ø³ÊÔö´óµÄÇ÷ÊÆ£¬µ«×¢ÒâµÚVA×åÔªËØ´óÓÚÏàÁÚÔªËصĵÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ£»
¢Ú¼ÆËãSeÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¡¢¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬È·¶¨Æä¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍ£»
£¨4£©Åäλ¼üÓÉÌṩ¹Âµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÔ×ÓÖ¸ÏòÌṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀµÄÔ×Ó£®
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ýÿ¸ö̼Ô×Óº¬ÓеĦҼü¸öÊýÈ·¶¨ÆäÔÓ»¯·½Ê½£¬ÀûÓþù̯·¨¼ÆËã¦Ò¼ü¸öÊý£»¸ù¾Ý¾ù̯·¨¼ÆË㾧°ûÖÐKÔ×Ó¡¢C60·Ö×ÓÊýÄ¿£¬È·¶¨ÊýÄ¿Ö®±È£»
£¨3£©¢ÙͬһÖÜÆÚÔªËصĵÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜËæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄÔö´ó¶ø³ÊÔö´óµÄÇ÷ÊÆ£¬µ«×¢ÒâµÚVA×åÔªËØ´óÓÚÏàÁÚÔªËصĵÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ£»
¢Ú¼ÆËãSeÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¡¢¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬È·¶¨Æä¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍ£»
£¨4£©Åäλ¼üÓÉÌṩ¹Âµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÔ×ÓÖ¸ÏòÌṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀµÄÔ×Ó£®
½â´ð£º
½â£º£¨1£©ÄøÔ×ÓºËÍâÓÐ28¸öµç×Ó£¬Æä»ù̬ÄøÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2£»
£¨2£©Ã¿¸ö̼Ô×ÓÐγÉ3¸ö¦Ò¼ü¸öÊýÇÒ²»º¬¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬ËùÒÔ²ÉÓÃsp2 ÔÓ»¯£¬Ã¿¸ö̼Ô×Óº¬ÓеĦҼü¸öÊýΪ
£¬ËùÒÔ1mol C60·Ö×ÓÖЦҼüµÄÊýÄ¿=1mol¡Á60¡Á
¡ÁNAmol-1=90NA£¬
¾§°ûÖÐKÔ×ÓÊýÄ¿=2¡Á6¡Á
=6¡¢C60·Ö×ÓÊýÄ¿=1+8¡Á
=2£¬¹Ê¾§°ûÖÐKÔ×Ó¡¢C60·Ö×ÓÊýÄ¿Ö®±È=6£º2=3£»1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp2£»90NA£»3£º1£»
£¨3£©¢ÙAsºÍSeÊôÓÚͬһÖÜÆÚ£¬ÇÒAsÊôÓÚµÚVA×壬SeÊôÓÚµÚVIA×壬AsÔ×Ó4pÄܼ¶ÈÝÄÉ3¸öµç×Ó£¬Îª°ëÂúÎȶ¨×´Ì¬£¬ÄÜÁ¿½ÏµÍ£¬µÚÒ»µçÀëÄܸßÓÚSe£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¾£»
¢Ú¶þÑõ»¯Îø·Ö×ÓÖÐSeÔ×ӹµç×Ó¶ÔÊý=
=1¡¢¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô=2+1=3£¬ËùÒÔÆä¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹ÎªVÐΣ¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºVÐΣ»
£¨4£©Åäλ¼üÓÉÌṩ¹Âµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÔ×ÓÖ¸ÏòÌṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀµÄÔ×Ó£¬ËùÒÔ¸ÃÅäºÏÎïÖеÄÅäλ¼üΪ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2£»
£¨2£©Ã¿¸ö̼Ô×ÓÐγÉ3¸ö¦Ò¼ü¸öÊýÇÒ²»º¬¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬ËùÒÔ²ÉÓÃsp2 ÔÓ»¯£¬Ã¿¸ö̼Ô×Óº¬ÓеĦҼü¸öÊýΪ
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
¾§°ûÖÐKÔ×ÓÊýÄ¿=2¡Á6¡Á
1 |
2 |
1 |
8 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp2£»90NA£»3£º1£»
£¨3£©¢ÙAsºÍSeÊôÓÚͬһÖÜÆÚ£¬ÇÒAsÊôÓÚµÚVA×壬SeÊôÓÚµÚVIA×壬AsÔ×Ó4pÄܼ¶ÈÝÄÉ3¸öµç×Ó£¬Îª°ëÂúÎȶ¨×´Ì¬£¬ÄÜÁ¿½ÏµÍ£¬µÚÒ»µçÀëÄܸßÓÚSe£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¾£»
¢Ú¶þÑõ»¯Îø·Ö×ÓÖÐSeÔ×ӹµç×Ó¶ÔÊý=
6-2¡Á2 |
2 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºVÐΣ»
£¨4£©Åäλ¼üÓÉÌṩ¹Âµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÔ×ÓÖ¸ÏòÌṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀµÄÔ×Ó£¬ËùÒÔ¸ÃÅäºÏÎïÖеÄÅäλ¼üΪ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÊǶÔÎïÖʽṹµÄ¿¼²é£¬Éæ¼°ºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½¡¢ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ¡¢»¯Ñ§¼ü¡¢µçÀëÄÜ¡¢ÅäºÏÎï¡¢¾§°û¼ÆËãµÈ֪ʶµã£¬»áÀûÓþù̯·¨½øÐо§°ûÓйؼÆË㣬עÒâÅäλ¼üÐγÉÌõ¼þ£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
ÏÂÁи÷×éÀë×ÓÔÚÈÜÒºÖÐÒò·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦¶ø²»ÄÜ´óÁ¿¹²´æµÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A¡¢H+¡¢NO3-¡¢Fe2+¡¢Na+ |
B¡¢K+¡¢Ba2+¡¢OH-¡¢SO42- |
C¡¢Fe2+¡¢NO3-¡¢I-¡¢K+ |
D¡¢Cu2+¡¢NH4+¡¢Cl-¡¢OH- |
X¡¢Y¡¢Z¡¢R¡¢WÊÇÎåÖÖ¶ÌÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬Ô×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö´ó£»ËüÃÇ¿É×é³ÉÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎïZ2YºÍ¹²¼Û»¯ºÏÎïRY3¡¢XW4£»ÒÑÖªY¡¢RͬÖ÷×壬Z¡¢R¡¢WͬÖÜÆÚ£®ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨´íÎóµÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A¡¢Ô×Ӱ뾶£ºZ£¾R£¾W |
B¡¢Æø̬Ç⻯ÎïÎȶ¨ÐÔ£ºHW£¾H2R |
C¡¢XW4·Ö×ÓÖи÷Ô×Ó¾ùÂú×ã8µç×ӽṹ |
D¡¢Y¡¢Z¡¢RÈýÖÖÔªËØ×é³ÉµÄ»¯ºÏÎïË®ÈÜÒºÒ»¶¨ÏÔ¼îÐÔ |
ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A¡¢0.1 mol/LµÄÏÂÁÐÈÜÒº£º¢ÙNH4Al£¨SO4£©2 ¢ÚNH4Cl ¢ÛNH3?H2O ¢ÜCH3COONH4ÖÐc£¨NH4+£©ÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ£º¢Ú£¾¢Ù£¾¢Ü£¾¢Û |
B¡¢NaHCO3ÈÜÒººÍNa2CO3ÈÜÒº»ìºÏÒ»¶¨´æÔÚ£ºc£¨Na+£©+c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©+c£¨HCO3-£©+c£¨CO32-£© |
C¡¢25¡æʱ£¬pH=11µÄ°±Ë®ºÍpH=3µÄÁòËáµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£ºc£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨SO42-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£© |
D¡¢ÊÒÎÂÏ£¬Ïò100mL 0.1mol/L NH4HSO4ÈÜÒºÖеμÓ0.1mol/L NaOHÈÜÒºÖÁÖÐÐÔ£¬»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖи÷Àë×ÓŨ¶È´óС¹Øϵ£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨SO42-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£© |