ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Ï±íÊÇÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íÒ»²¿·Ö£¬ÁгöÁËÊ®¸öÔªËØÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖеÄλÖÃ:
×å | IA | IIA | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | 0 |
2 | ¢Þ | |||||||
3 | ¢Ù | ¢Û | ¢Ý | ¢ß | ¢à | ¢â | ||
4 | ¢Ú | ¢Ü | ¢á |
ÇëÓû¯Ñ§ÓÃÓï»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌâ
£¨1£©ÔÚ¢Ù¡«¢ßÔªËØÖУ¬Ô×Ӱ뾶×î´óµÄÊÇ (ÌîÔªËØ·ûºÅ)£»
£¨2£©¢Ù¡«¢âÖÐÔªËØ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔÓ¦µÄË®»¯ÎïÖÐËáÐÔ×îÇ¿µÄÊÇ (ÌîÎïÖÊ»¯Ñ§Ê½)£¬¢ÝËù¶ÔÓ¦ÔªËصĵ¥Öʹ¤ÒµÖƱ¸·½·¨Îª ¡£
£¨3£©Óõç×Óʽ±íʾԪËØ¢ÛÓë¢àÐγɻ¯ºÏÎïµÄ¹ý³Ì ¡£
£¨4£©ÎÒ¹úÊ×´´ÒÔµ¥Öʢݡª¿ÕÆø¡ªº£Ë®µç³Ø×÷ΪÄÜÔ´µÄÐÂÐ͵ĺ£Ë®±êÖ¾µÆ£¬ÒÔº£Ë®Îªµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£¬¿¿¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆøʹµ¥Öʢݲ»¶ÏÑõ»¯¶ø²úÉúµçÁ÷£¬Ö»Òª°ÑµÆ·ÅÈ뺣ˮÊý·ÖÖÓ£¬¾Í»á·¢³öÒ«Ñ۵İ׹⡣ÔòµçÔ´µÄ¸º¼«·´Ó¦ÊÇ £¬Õý¼«·´Ó¦Îª ¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿£¨1£©K£»
£¨2£©HClO4£»2Al2O34Al+ 3O2¡ü
£¨3£©
£¨4£©¸º¼«µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª4Al¡ª12e£= 4Al3£«£¬Õý¼«·´Ó¦Îª3O2£«6H2O£«12e£= 12OH£
¡¾½âÎö¡¿ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£ºÓÉÔªËØÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐλÖ㬿ÉÖª¢ÙΪNa¡¢¢ÚΪK¡¢¢ÛΪMg¡¢¢ÜΪCa¡¢¢ÝΪAl¡¢¢ÞΪC¡¢¢ßΪP¡¢¢àΪCl¡¢¢áΪBr¡¢¢âΪAr£®
£¨1£©Í¬ÖÜÆÚ×Ô×ó¶øÓÒÔ×Ӱ뾶¼õС£¬Í¬Ö÷×å×ÔÉ϶øÏÂÔ×Ӱ뾶Ôö´ó£¬¹Ê¢Ù¡«¢ßÔªËØÖУ¬Ô×Ӱ뾶×î´óµÄÊÇK£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºK£»
£¨2£©ÉÏÊöÔªËØÖÐClÔªËطǽðÊôÐÔ×îÇ¿£¬¹Ê×î¸ß¼Ûº¬ÑõËáÖÐHClO4µÄËáÐÔ×îÇ¿£»¢Ý¹¤ÒµÉÏÀûÓõç½âÑõ»¯ÂÁµÄ·½·¨ÖƱ¸ÂÁ£¬·½³ÌʽΪ2Al2O34Al+ 3O2¡ü£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHClO4£»2Al2O34Al+ 3O2¡ü£»
£¨3£©¢ÛÓë¢àÐγɻ¯ºÏÎïΪMgCl2£¬ÊôÓÚÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎÓõç×Óʽ±íʾÆäÐγɹý³ÌΪ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
£¨4£©Ôµç³ØÖУ¬½Ï»îÆýðÊô×ö¸º¼«£¬½Ï²»»îÆýðÊô»ò·Ç½ðÊô×öÕý¼«£¬ÂÁ½Ï»îÆã¬Ò×ʧȥµç×Ó£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬×÷Ôµç³ØµÄ¸º¼«£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£º4Al-12e-=4Al3+£¬Ì¼ÉÏÑõÆøµÃµç×Ó£¬·¢Éú»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¬×÷ΪԵç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£º3O2+6H2O+12e-=12OH-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4Al-12e-=4Al3+£»3O2+6H2O+12e-¨T12OH-¡£