ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
5£®³£ÎÂʱ£¬½«°±ÆøÈÜÓÚË®ÐγÉһŨ¶ÈΪ0.1mol/L£¬pHΪ10µÄ°±Ë®ÈÜÒº100mL£®£¨1£©¸Ã°±Ë®ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓеÄ΢Á£ÓÐNH3•H2O¡¢OH-¡¢H2OºÍNH3¡¢NH4+¡¢H+£®
£¨2£©¸Ã°±Ë®ÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨OH-£©Îª10-10mol/L£®
£¨3£©ÈôÓÃÕôÁóË®½«¸Ã°±Ë®Ï¡ÊÍ10±¶ºópH=a£¬ÔòaµÄÈ¡Öµ·¶Î§Îª9£¼a£¼10£¬$\frac{{c£¨N{H_3}•{H_2}O£©•c£¨O{H^-}£©}}{{c£¨{H^+}£©}}$µÄÖµ¼õС£¨Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±¡¢¡°²»±ä¡±»ò¡°¼õÉÙ¡±£©£®
£¨4£©ÈôÏò¸Ã°±Ë®ÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëµÈŨ¶ÈµÄÑÎËᣬÈÜÒºÖÐpHÓëpOH£¨pOH=-lg[OH-]£©µÄ±ä»¯¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¬AµãËùʾÈÜÒºµÄµ¼µçÄÜÁ¦Ð¡ÓÚ£¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°µÈÓÚ¡±»ò¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±£©Dµã£¬BµãËù¼ÓÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýСÓÚ£¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°µÈÓÚ¡±»ò¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±£©100mL£¬CµãÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔµÄÔÒòÊÇ£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£©NH4++H2O?NH3•H2O+H+£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©°±Ë®ÖдæÔÚË®µÄµçÀëƽºâºÍһˮºÏ°±µÄµçÀëƽºâ£¬¾Ý´ËÅжϰ±Ë®Öк¬ÓеÄÁ£×Ó£»
£¨2£©¼ÆËã³öpH=10µÄÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬°±Ë®ÖеÄÇâÀë×ÓÊÇË®µçÀëµÄ£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËã³öË®µçÀëµÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»
£¨3£©Ò»Ë®ºÏ°±ÎªÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬Ï¡Ê͹ý³ÌÖеçÀë³öµÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬ÔòÏ¡ÊͺóÈÜÒºµÄpH£¾9£»¸ù¾ÝÏ¡Ê͹ý³ÌÖÐһˮºÏ°±¡¢ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õС¡¢ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó½øÐÐÅжϣ»
£¨4£©AµãΪ°±Ë®ÈÜÒº£¬DµãΪÂÈ»¯ï§ºÍÂÈ»¯ÇâµÄ»ìºÏÒº£¬AµãÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈСÓÚD£»BµãpH=pOH£¬ÈÜҺΪÖÐÐÔ£¬µ±¼ÓÈëµÄÑÎËáÌå»ýΪ100mLʱ£¬Ç¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ÈÜҺΪËáÐÔ£¬ÈôΪÖÐÐÔ£¬Ôò¼ÓÈëµÄÑÎËáÌå»ýСÓÚ100ml£»CµãʱÈÜÖÊΪÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ï§¸ùÀë×Ó²¿·ÖË®½â£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©°±Ë®ÖдæÔÚË®µÄµçÀëƽºâºÍһˮºÏ°±µÄµçÀëƽºâ£¬Ôò°±Ë®Öк¬ÓеÄ΢Á£ÓУºNH3•H2O¡¢OH-¡¢H2O¡¢NH3¡¢NH4+ºÍH+£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNH3¡¢NH4+¡¢H+£»
£¨2£©°±Ë®µçÀë³öµÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓÒÖÖÆÁËË®µÄµçÀ룬Ôò°±Ë®ÖеÄÇâÀë×ÓÊÇË®µçÀëµÄ£¬pH=10µÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ10-10mol/L£¬Ë®µçÀëµÄÇâÀë×ÓºÍÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬ÔòË®µçÀëµÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ10-10 mol/L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10-10mol/L£»
£¨3£©°±Ë®ÎªÈõ¼î£¬ÈôÓÃÕôÁóË®½«pH=10°±Ë®Ï¡ÊÍ10±¶ºópH=a£¬ÓÉÓÚÏ¡ÊͺóÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬ÔòÏ¡ÊͺóÈÜÒºµÄpH£¾9£¬ËùÒÔaµÄ·¶Î§Îª£º9£¼a£¼10£»Ï¡Ê͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐһˮºÏ°±ºÍÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È¶¼¼õС£¬¶øË®µÄÀë×Ó»ý²»±ä£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬ËùÒԸñÈÖµ¼õÉÙ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º9£¼a£¼10£»¼õÉÙ£»
£¨4£©AµãΪ°±Ë®ÈÜÒº£¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ10-4mol/L£¬DµãΪÂÈ»¯ï§ºÍÂÈ»¯ÇâµÄ»ìºÏÒº£¬ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ£º10-4mol/L£¬AµãÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈСÓÚD£¬ÔòDµãʱÈÜÒºµ¼µçÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£»
BµãpH=pOH£¬ÈÜҺΪÖÐÐÔ£¬µ±¼ÓÈëµÄÑÎËáÌå»ýΪ100mLʱ£¬Ç¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ÈÜҺΪËáÐÔ£¬ÈôÂú×ãÈÜҺΪÖÐÐÔ£¬Ôò¼ÓÈëµÄÑÎËáÌå»ýСÓÚ100mL£»
CµãʱӦ¸ÃΪ°±Ë®ÓëÑÎËáÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦£¬´ËʱÈÜÖÊΪÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ï§¸ùÀë×Ó²¿·ÖË®½â£ºNH4++H2O?NH3•H2O+H+£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»Ð¡ÓÚ£»NH4++H2O?NH3•H2O+H+£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËËá¼î»ìºÏµÄ¶¨ÐÔÅжϼ°ÈÜÒºpHµÄ¼ÆË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬×¢ÒâÕÆÎÕÈÜÒºËá¼îÐÔÓëÈÜÒºpH¹Øϵ¼°¼ÆËã·½·¨£¬Ã÷È··´Ó¦ºóÈÜÖÊ×é³ÉΪ½â´ð¹Ø¼ü£¬ÊÔÌâ²àÖØ¿¼²éѧÉúµÄ·ÖÎö¡¢Àí½âÄÜÁ¦¼°Áé»îÓ¦Óûù´¡ÖªÊ¶µÄÄÜÁ¦£®
¢ñ£º2.7gAl$\stackrel{100mLÏ¡ÑÎËá}{¡ú}$XÈÜÒº$\stackrel{ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº}{¡ú}$ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ
¢ò2.7gAl$\stackrel{100mLÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº}{¡ú}$YÈÜÒº$\stackrel{Ï¡ÑÎËá}{¡ú}$ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ
ÒÑÖªËùÓõÄÏ¡ÑÎËáÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº¾ùΪ3mol/L£®Í¼ÊÇÏòXÈÜÒºÓëYÈÜÒºÖзֱð¼ÓÈëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»òÏ¡ÑÎËáʱ²úÉú³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëÈÜÒºÌå»ýÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£®£¨»ìºÏºóÌå»ý±ä»¯ºöÂÔ²»¼Æ£©ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ÔÚaÇúÏß±íʾµÄÊÇÏòYÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá | |
B£® | ·½°¸¢ò±È·½°¸¢ñÉú³É¸ü¶àµÄÆøÌå | |
C£® | ÔÚMµãʱ£¬Á½·½°¸ÖÐËùµÃÈÜÒºµÄÈÜÖÊÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÏàͬ | |
D£® | MµãÒÔºó£¬a¡¢bÁ½ÌõÇúÏß½«ÖغÏΪһÌõ |
ÐòºÅ | ʵÑéÒªÇó | ´ð°¸ | ¹©Ñ¡ÔñµÄ»¯Ñ§ÊÔ¼Á¼°·½·¨ |
a | ¼ìÑéÒÒËáÊÇ·ñ¾ßÓÐËáÐÔ | A£®ÐÂÖƵÄÇâÑõ»¯ÍÐü×ÇÒº | |
b | ¼ìÑéÖ²ÎïÓÍÖÐÊÇ·ñº¬ÓÐ̼̼˫¼ü | B£®×ÏɫʯÈïÊÔÒº | |
c | ¼ìÑéÄòÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñº¬ÓÐÆÏÌÑÌÇ | C£®¼ÓÈë±¥ºÍNa2CO3ÈÜÒº£¬·ÖÒº | |
d | ³ýÈ¥ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÖеÄÉÙÁ¿ÒÒËá | D£®äåË® |
Çëд³ö¸ÃÎïÖÊÓë×ãÁ¿µÄ½ðÊôÄÆ·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ+4Na¡ú+2H2¡ü£®
A£® | PbO2µÃµç×Ó£¬±»Ñõ»¯ | |
B£® | ǦÐîµç³Ø¹¤×÷¹ý³ÌÖÐÿͨ¹ý2molµç×Ó£¬¸º¼«ÖÊÁ¿¼õÉÙ207g | |
C£® | µçÁ÷ÊÇÓÉPbO2¾Íâµç·Á÷ÏòPb | |
D£® | µç³Ø·Åµçʱ£¬ÈÜÒºËáÐÔÔöÇ¿ |
A£® | ÒÒËá | B£® | ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ | C£® | ±½ | D£® | ÆûÓÍ |