ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÏòŨ¶ÈΪ0.1 molL£1¡¢Ìå»ýΪV LµÄ°±Ë®ÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Å¨¶ÈµÄÑÎËᣬÓÃpH¼Æ²âÈÜÒºµÄpHËæÑÎËáµÄ¼ÓÈëÁ¿¶ø½µµÍµÄµÎ¶¨ÇúÏߣ¬dµãÁ½ÖÖÈÜҺǡºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦¡£¸ù¾ÝͼÖÐÐÅÏ¢»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©¸ÃζÈʱNH3¡¤H2OµÄµçÀë³£ÊýK£½________¡£
£¨2£©µÎ¶¨¹ý³ÌÖÐËùÓÃÑÎËáµÄŨ¶È________molL£1¡£
£¨3£©±È½Ïb¡¢c¡¢dÈýµãʱµÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ë®µçÀë³Ì¶È×î´óµãΪ___________¡£(Ìî×Öĸ)
£¨4£©µÎ¶¨Ê±£¬ÓÉbµãµ½cµãµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÏÂÁи÷Ñ¡ÏîÖÐÊýÖµ±ä´óµÄÊÇ___(Ìî×Öĸ£¬ÏÂͬ)¡£
A£® c(H£«)/c(OH£) B£®c(H£«)¡¤c(NH3¡¤H2O)/c(NH4+)
C£®c(NH4+)¡¤c(OH£)/c(NH3¡¤H2O) D£®c(H£«)¡¤c(OH£)
£¨5£©¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉϵζ¨ÇúÏßÅжÏÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ______(ÈÜÒºÖÐNÔªËØÖ»´æÔÚNH4+ºÍNH3¡¤H2OÁ½ÖÖÐÎʽ)¡£
A£®µãbËùʾÈÜÒºÖУºc(NH4+)£«c(H£«)£½c(OH£)£«c(NH3¡¤H2O)
B£®µãcËùʾÈÜÒºÖУºc(Cl£)£½c(NH3¡¤H2O)£«c(NH4+)
C£®µãdËùʾÈÜÒºÖУºc(Cl£)>c(H£«)>c(NH4+)>c(OH£)
D£®µÎ¶¨¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄÜÓУºc(NH3¡¤H2O)>c(NH4+)>c(OH£)>c(Cl£)>c(H£«)
£¨6£©dµãÖ®ºóÈô¼ÌÐø¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÖÁͼÏñÖеÄeµã(²»¿¼ÂÇNH4+Ë®½âµÄÓ°Ïì)£¬Ôòeµã¶ÔÓ¦µÄºá×ø±êΪ________¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿10£5 0.1 d A D 11V/9
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
£¨1£©Ò»Ë®ºÏ°±ÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀﲿ·ÖµçÀ룬ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª0.1 molL£1°±Ë®ÖÐÈÜÒºµÄpH=11£¬c(OH£)Ϊ10¡ª3 molL£1£¬ÒÀ¾ÝµçÀë³£Êý¹«Ê½¼ÆË㣻
£¨2£©ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖª£¬µãd°±Ë®ºÍÑÎËáÌå»ýÏàͬ£¬Á½ÕßÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Ç¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH4C1£»
£¨3£©c¡¢bÈÜÒºÖж¼º¬ÓÐһˮºÏ°±£¬dµãÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÊÇÂÈ»¯ï§£¬Ò»Ë®ºÏ°±ÒÖÖÆË®µçÀëÇÒһˮºÏ°±Å¨¶ÈÔ½´óÆäÒÖÖƳ̶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÂÈ»¯ï§´Ù½øË®µçÀ룻µãd°±Ë®ºÍÑÎËáÌå»ýÏàͬ£¬Á½ÕßÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Ç¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH4C1£»
£¨4£©Î¶Ȳ»±ä£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£Êý¡¢Èõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëƽºâ³£Êý²»±ä£»
£¨5£©ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖª£¬µãb·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºÊÇNH4C1ÓëNH3H2OÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ1£º1µÄ»ìºÏÎÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»µãc ÈÜÒºµÄpH=7£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£»µ±NH3H2O½Ï¶à£¬µÎÈëµÄHCl½ÏÉÙʱ£¬Éú³ÉNH4C1ÉÙÁ¿£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐNH3H2OŨ¶ÈÔ¶´óÓÚNH4C1Ũ¶È£»
£¨6£©ÏȼÆËã¹ýÁ¿ÑÎËáµÄÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¼ÆËã¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý¡£
£¨1£©Ò»Ë®ºÏ°±ÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀﲿ·ÖµçÀ룬ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª0.1 molL£1°±Ë®ÖÐÈÜÒºµÄpH=11£¬c(OH£)Ϊ10¡ª3 molL£1£¬¸ÃζÈʱNH3¡¤H2OµÄµçÀë³£ÊýK£½==10£5£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10£5£»
£¨2£©ÓÉÌâ¸øÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÖª£¬dµãÁ½ÖÖÈÜҺǡºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬ÓÉÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈµÈÓÚ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È¿ÉµÃÈçϹØϵʽ£º0.1 molL£1¡ÁV L=c£¨HCl£©¡ÁV L£¬Ôòc£¨HCl£©=0.1 molL£1£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.1£»
£¨3£©ÔÚbµãʱ£¬ÈÜÖÊΪ°±Ë®ºÍÂÈ»¯ï§£¬°±Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚÂÈ»¯ï§µÄË®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜҺΪ¼îÐÔ£¬¶ÔË®µÄµçÀëƽºâÆðµ½ÒÖÖÆ×÷Óã¬ÔÚcµãʱ£¬ÈÜÖÊΪ°±Ë®ºÍÂÈ»¯ï§£¬°±Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈµÈÓÚÓÚÂÈ»¯ï§µÄË®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜҺΪÖÐÐÔ£¬¶ÔË®µÄµçÀëƽºâÎÞÓ°Ï죬ÔÚdµãʱ£¬ÈÜÖÊΪÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ÂÈ»¯ï§·¢ÉúË®½â£¬ÈÜҺΪËáÐÔ£¬¶ÔË®µÄµçÀëƽºâ´Ù½ø£¬ËùÒÔb¡¢c¡¢dÈýµãʱµÄÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³Ì¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪd>c>b£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºd£»
£¨4£©a¡¢Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐУ¬ÈÜÒº¼îÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó¡¢ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õС£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐÔö´ó£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
b¡¢NH3¡¤H2OµÄµçÀë³£ÊýK£½£¬Ôò==£¬Î¶Ȳ»±ä£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£Êý¡¢Ò»Ë®ºÏ°±µçÀëƽºâ³£Êý¶¼²»±ä£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖв»±ä£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
c¡¢NH3¡¤H2OµÄµçÀë³£ÊýK£½£¬Î¶Ȳ»±ä£¬Ò»Ë®ºÏ°±µçÀëƽºâ³£Êý²»±ä£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
d¡¢Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£ÊýKw= c(H£«)¡¤c(OH£)£¬Î¶Ȳ»±ä£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£Êý²»±ä£¬¹Ê´íÎó¡£
aÕýÈ·£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºa£»
£¨5£©A¡¢ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖª£¬µãb·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºÊÇNH4C1ÓëNH3H2OÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ1£º1µÄ»ìºÏÎÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ËµÃ÷NH3H2OµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚNH4C1µÄË®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÓɵçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖª£ºc£¨C1-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c£¨NH4+£©+c£¨H+£©£¬ÎïÁÏÊغãΪ£º2c£¨C1-£©=c£¨NH4+£©+c£¨NH3£®H2O£©£¬ÖÊ×ÓÊغãΪ£º2c£¨
B¡¢ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖª£¬µãc ÈÜÒºµÄpH=7£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬ÓɵçºÉÊغã¹Øϵc£¨C1-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c£¨NH4+£©+c£¨H+£©¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨NH4+£©=c£¨C1-£©£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
C¡¢ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖª£¬µãd°±Ë®ºÍÑÎËáÌå»ýÏàͬ£¬Á½ÕßÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Ç¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH4C1£¬NH4C1ÔÚÈÜÒºÖÐË®½âÈÜҺʹÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óСΪc£¨C1-£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
D¡¢µ±NH3H2O½Ï¶à£¬µÎÈëµÄHCl½ÏÉÙʱ£¬Éú³ÉNH4C1ÉÙÁ¿£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐNH3H2OŨ¶ÈÔ¶´óÓÚNH4C1Ũ¶È£¬¿ÉÄܳöÏÖc£¨NH3H2O£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
DÕýÈ·£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºD£»
£¨6£©ÉèÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýΪXL£¬Ôò¹ýÁ¿µÄÑÎËáΪ0.1mol/L¡ÁXL-0.1Vmol/L¡ÁVL£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©==10-2mol/L£¬½âµÃ£ºX=£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¡£