ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
11£®ºÏ³É°±¹¤Òµ¶Ô¹úÃñ¾¼ÃºÍÉç»á·¢Õ¹¾ßÓÐÖØÒªµÄÒâÒ壮¸ù¾ÝÒÑѧ֪ʶ»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺£¨1£©¶ÔÓÚÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷Öеķ´Ó¦£ºN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©¨T2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H£¼0£¬673K£¬30MPaÏÂn£¨NH3£©ºÍn£¨H2£©Ëæʱ¼ä±ä»¯µÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£®
ÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇAD£¨ÌîÑ¡Ï£®
A£®µãaµÄÕý·´Ó¦ËÙÂʱȵãbµÄ´ó
B£®µãc´¦·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ
C£®µãd£¨t1ʱ¿Ì£©ºÍµãe£¨t2ʱ¿Ì£©´¦n£¨N2£©²»Ò»Ñù
D£®ÆäËûÌõ¼þ²»±ä£¬773KÏ·´Ó¦ÖÁt1ʱ¿Ì£¬n£¨H2£©±ÈÉÏͼÖÐdµãµÄÖµ´ó
£¨2£©ÒÑÖªN2£¨g£©+3H2 £¨g£©¨T2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H=-92.4kJ•mol-1
¢ÙºÏ³É°±¹¤Òµ²ÉÈ¡µÄÏÂÁдëÊ©²»¿ÉÓÃƽºâÒƶ¯ÔÀí½âÊ͵ÄÊÇBC£¨ÌîÑ¡Ï£®
A£®²ÉÓýϸßѹǿ£¨20MPa¡«50MPa£© B£®²ÉÓÃ500¡æµÄ¸ßÎÂ
C£®ÓÃÌú´¥Ã½×÷´ß»¯¼Á D£®½«Éú³ÉµÄ°±Òº»¯²¢¼°Ê±´ÓÌåϵÖзÖÀë³öÀ´
¢ÚÔÚÈÝ»ý¾ùΪ2L£¨ÈÝÆ÷Ìå»ý²»¿É±ä£©µÄ¼×¡¢ÒÒÁ½¸öÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬·Ö±ð¼ÓÈë2molN2¡¢6molH2ºÍ1molN2¡¢3molH2£¬ÔÚÏàͬζȡ¢´ß»¯¼ÁÏÂʹÆä·´Ó¦£®×îÖմﵽƽºâºó£¬Á½ÈÝÆ÷N2ת»¯ÂÊ·Ö±ðΪ¦Á¼×¡¢¦ÁÒÒ£¬Ôò¼×ÈÝÆ÷ÖÐƽºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽΪ$\frac{4{{¦Á}_{¼×}}^{2}}{27£¨1-{¦Á}_{¼×}£©^{4}}$£¨Óú¬¦Á¼×µÄ´úÊýʽ±íʾ£¬»¯¼òΪ×î¼òʽ£©£¬´Ëʱ¦Á¼×£¾¦ÁÒÒ£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±¡°=¡±£©£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©A£®a¡¢bÁ½µãÏòÕý·´Ó¦½øÐУ¬Å¨¶ÈÔ½´ó·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÔ½¿ì£»
B£®cµã·´Ó¦ÎïºÍÉú³ÉÎïÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÈÔÔڱ仯£»
C£®dµãºÍeµã¶¼´¦ÓÚƽºâ״̬£¬n£¨N2£©²»±ä£»
D£®¸Ã·´Ó¦Õý·´Ó¦ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Î¶ÈÉý¸ßƽºâÏòÄæ·´Ó¦Òƶ¯£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÀÕɳÌØÁÐÔÀíÊÇÈç¹û¸Ä±äÓ°ÏìƽºâµÄÒ»¸öÌõ¼þ£¨ÈçŨ¶È¡¢Ñ¹Ç¿»òζȵȣ©£¬Æ½ºâ¾ÍÏòÄܹ»¼õÈõÕâÖָıäµÄ·½ÏòÒƶ¯£¬ÀÕɳÌØÁÐÔÀíÊÊÓõĶÔÏóÓ¦´æÔÚ¿ÉÄæ¹ý³Ì£¬ÈçÓë¿ÉÄæ¹ý³ÌÎ޹أ¬ÓëƽºâÒƶ¯Î޹أ¬Ôò²»ÄÜÓÃÀÕɳÌØÁÐÔÀí½âÊÍ£»
¢Ú¼×ÖÐN2µÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈΪ$\frac{2mol}{2L}$=1mol/L£¬H2µÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈΪ$\frac{6mol}{2L}$=3mol/L£¬Æ½ºâʱµªÆøŨ¶È±ä»¯Á¿Îª¦Á¼×mol/L£¬Ôò£º
N2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©¨T2NH3£¨g£©
ÆðʼŨ¶È£¨mol/L£©£º1 3 0
±ä»¯Å¨¶È£¨mol/L£©£º¦Á¼× 3¦Á¼× 2¦Á¼×
ƽºâŨ¶È£¨mol/L£©£º1-¦Á¼× 3£¨1-¦Á¼×£© 2¦Á¼×
ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝK=$\frac{{c}^{2}£¨N{H}_{3}£©}{c£¨{N}_{2}£©¡Á{c}^{3}£¨{H}_{2}£©}$¼ÆËãƽºâ³£Êý£»
¼×µÈЧΪÒÒƽºâµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏѹǿÔö´óÒ»±¶£¬Ôö´óѹǿƽºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©A£®a¡¢bÁ½µãÏòÕý·´Ó¦½øÐУ¬Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐУ¬·´Ó¦ÎïµÄŨ¶ÈÖð½¥¼õС£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖð½¥¼õС£¬ÔòaµãµÄÕý·´Ó¦ËÙÂʱÈbµã´ó£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®cµã·´Ó¦ÎïºÍÉú³ÉÎïÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÈÔÔڱ仯£¬Ã»Óдﵽƽºâ״̬£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®dµãºÍeµã¶¼´¦ÓÚƽºâ״̬£¬n£¨N2£©²»±ä£¬dµãºÍeµãn£¨N2£©ÏàµÈ£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®¸Ã·´Ó¦Õý·´Ó¦ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Î¶ÈÉý¸ßƽºâÏòÄæ·´Ó¦Òƶ¯£¬ÇâÆøµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAD£»
£¨2£©¢ÙA£®¸ßÓÚ³£Ñ¹£¬Ôö´óѹǿ£¬»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ»áÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚ°±ÆøµÄºÏ³É£¬ÄÜÓÃÀÕɳÌØÁÐÔÀí½âÊÍ£¬¹ÊA²»Ñ¡£»
B£®500¡æµÄ¸ßΣ¬²»ÓÐÀûÓÚ°±ÆøµÄºÏ³É£¬µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ß´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ´ß»¯»îÐÔ£¬²»ÄÜÓÃÀÕɳÌØÁÐÔÀí½âÊÍ£¬¹ÊBÑ¡£»
C£®Ìú´¥Ã½×÷´ß»¯¼Á£¬²»»áÒýÆð»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâµÄÒƶ¯£¬²»ÄÜÓÃÀÕɳÌØÁÐÔÀí½âÊÍ£¬¹ÊCÑ¡£»
D£®½«Éú³ÉµÄ°±Òº»¯²¢¼°Ê±´ÓÌåϵÖзÖÀë³öÀ´£¬Î´·´Ó¦µÄN2¡¢H2Ñ»·µ½ºÏ³ÉËþÖУ¬¶¼»áʹµÃ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚ°±µÄºÏ³É£¬ÄÜÓÃÀÕɳÌØÁÐÔÀí½âÊÍ£¬¹ÊD²»Ñ¡£¬
¹ÊÑ¡£ºBC£»
¢Ú¼×ÖÐN2µÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈΪ$\frac{2mol}{2L}$=1mol/L£¬H2µÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈΪ$\frac{6mol}{2L}$=3mol/L£¬Æ½ºâʱµªÆøŨ¶È±ä»¯Á¿Îª¦Á¼×mol/L£¬Ôò£º
N2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©¨T2NH3£¨g£©
ÆðʼŨ¶È£¨mol/L£©£º1 3 0
±ä»¯Å¨¶È£¨mol/L£©£º¦Á¼× 3¦Á¼× 2¦Á¼×
ƽºâŨ¶È£¨mol/L£©£º1-¦Á¼× 3£¨1-¦Á¼×£© 2¦Á¼×
¹Êƽºâ³£ÊýK=$\frac{{c}^{2}£¨N{H}_{3}£©}{c£¨{N}_{2}£©¡Á{c}^{3}£¨{H}_{2}£©}$=$\frac{£¨2{¦Á}_{¼×}£©^{2}}{£¨1-{¦Á}_{¼×}£©¡Á[3£¨1-{¦Á}_{¼×}£©]^{3}}$=$\frac{4{{¦Á}_{¼×}}^{2}}{27£¨1-{¦Á}_{¼×}£©^{4}}$£¬
¼×µÈЧΪÒÒƽºâµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏѹǿÔö´óÒ»±¶£¬Ôö´óѹǿƽºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬N2ת»¯ÂÊÔö´ó£¬¹Ê¦Á¼×£¾¦ÁÒÒ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º$\frac{4{{¦Á}_{¼×}}^{2}}{27£¨1-{¦Á}_{¼×}£©^{4}}$£»£¾£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é½Ï×ۺϣ¬Éæ¼°ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿»òŨ¶ÈËæʱ¼äµÄ±ä»¯ÇúÏß¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÒƶ¯ÔÀí¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâµÄ¼ÆË㣬עÖظ߿¼³£¿¼²éµãµÄ¿¼²é£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | NA¸öN2·Ö×ÓÓëNA¸öCO·Ö×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈΪ1£º1 | |
B£® | Ë®µÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿µÈÓÚNA¸öË®·Ö×ÓµÄÏà¶ÔÖÊÁ¿Ö®ºÍ | |
C£® | ÔÚ³£Î³£Ñ¹ÏÂ11.2LN2º¬ÓеķÖ×ÓÊýΪ0.5NA | |
D£® | 1mol•L-1NaClÈÜÒºÖС¢º¬ÓÐNA¸öNa+ |
²½Öè1£ºÔÚaÖмÓÈë15mL±½ºÍÉÙÁ¿Ìúм£¬ÔÙ½«bÖÐ4.0mLÒºäåÂýÂý¼ÓÈëµ½aÖУ¬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦£®
²½Öè2£ºÏòaÖмÓÈë10mLË®£¬È»ºó¹ýÂ˳ýȥδ·´Ó¦µÄÌúм£®
²½Öè3£ºÂËÒºÒÀ´ÎÓÃ10mLË®¡¢8mL 10%µÄNaOHÈÜÒº¡¢10mL ˮϴµÓ£¬·ÖÒºµÃ´Öäå±½£®
²½Öè4£ºÏò·Ö³öµÄ´Öäå±½ÖмÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄÎÞË®ÂÈ»¯¸Æ£¬¾²ÖᢹýÂ˼´µÃ´Ö²úÆ·£®
±½ | äå | äå±½ | |
ÃܶÈ/g•cm-3 | 0.88 | 3.10 | 1.50 |
·Ðµã/¡æ | 80 | 59 | 156 |
ÔÚË®ÖеÄÈܽâ¶È | ΢ÈÜ | ΢ÈÜ | ΢ÈÜ |
£¨2£©½«bÖеÄÒºäåÂýÂý¼ÓÈëµ½aÖУ¬¶ø²»ÄÜ¿ìËÙ¼ÓÈëµÄÔÒòÊÇ·ÀÖ¹·´Ó¦·Å³öµÄÈÈʹC6H6¡¢Br2»Ó·¢¶øÓ°Ïì²úÂÊ£®
£¨3£©ÒÇÆ÷cµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÀäÄý»ØÁ÷£¬»ØÁ÷µÄÖ÷ÒªÎïÖÊÓÐC6H6¡¢Br2 £¨Ìѧʽ£©£®
£¨4£©²½Öè4µÃµ½µÄ´Ö²úÆ·Öл¹º¬ÓÐÔÓÖʱ½£®ÒÑÖª±½¡¢äå±½µÄÓйØÎïÀíÐÔÖÊÈçÉÏ±í£¬ÔòÒª½øÒ»²½Ìá´¿´Ö²úÆ·£¬»¹±ØÐë½øÐеÄʵÑé²Ù×÷Ãû³ÆÊÇÕôÁó£®
A£® | Ò»¶¨º¬ÓÐSO42- | B£® | Ò»¶¨º¬ÓÐAg+ | ||
C£® | Ò»¶¨º¬ÓÐSO42-ºÍAg+ | D£® | ¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓÐSO42-»òAg+ |