ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
17£®»¯ºÏÎïA£¨C11H10O5£©ÔÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖмÓÈÈ·´Ó¦ºóÔÙËữ¿ÉµÃµ½»¯ºÏÎïBºÍC£®ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺£¨1£©BµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC2H4O2£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£®ÔòBµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽCH3COOH£¬BÓëÒÒ´¼ÔÚŨH2SO4´ß»¯Ï¼ÓÈÈ·´Ó¦Éú³É¾ßÓÐË®¹ûÏãζµÄÎïÖÊ£®¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O£®¸Ã·´Ó¦ÀàÐÍÊÇõ¥»¯£¨È¡´ú£©·´Ó¦£®
£¨2£©ÊÔд³ö¶þÖÖÄÜ·¢ÉúÒø¾µ·´Ó¦µÄBµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ìå½á¹¹¼òʽHOCH2CHO¡¢HCOOCH3£®
£¨3£©CÊÇ·¼Ïã×廯ºÏÎÆäÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Îª180£¬º¬C£®H£®OÈýÖÖÔªËØ£¬ÆäÖÐÑõÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ$\frac{16}{45}$£¬ÔòCµÄ·Ö×ÓʽÊÇC9H8O4£®
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐÓйØCµÄ½á¹¹ÐÅÏ¢£¬È·¶¨Æä½á¹¹¼òʽ£®
a¡¢±½»·ÉÏÓÐÈý¸öÏàÁÚÈ¡´ú»ù£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÈ¡´ú»ùÎÞÖ§Á´ÇÒº¬ÓÐÄÜʹBr2/CCl4ÈÜÒºÍÊÉ«µÄ¹ÙÄÜÍźÍÄÜÓëNaHCO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦²úÉúÆøÌåµÄ¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£»Áí¶þ¸öÈ¡´ú»ùÍêÈ«Ïàͬ£®
b¡¢±½»·ÉÏÒ»ÂÈ´úÎï½öÓÐ2ÖÖ£®
£¨5£©CÓкܶàͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ì壬ÆäÖÐÓëC¾ßÓÐÏàͬȡ´ú»ùµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ì廹ÓÐ5ÖÖ£¨²»°üÀ¨C£©£®
£¨6£©Ð´³öAÔÚ×ãÁ¿NaOHÈÜÒºÖмÓÈÈ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ+4NaOH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$$¡ú_{¡÷}^{NaOH}$CH3COONa++2H2O£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©»¯ºÏÎïA£¨C11H10O5£©ÔÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖмÓÈÈ·´Ó¦ºóÔÙËữ¿ÉµÃµ½»¯ºÏÎïBºÍC£¬ËµÃ÷AÖк¬ÓÐõ¥»ù£¬BµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC2H4O2£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£¬ËùÒÔBÊÇCH3COOH£¬ÒÒËáºÍÒÒ´¼ÄÜ·¢Éúõ¥»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉDΪCH3COOC2H5£»
£¨2£©BµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÄÜ·¢ÉúÒø¾µ·´Ó¦£¬º¬ÓÐÈ©»ù-CHO»òΪ¼×ËáÐγɵÄõ¥£»
£¨3£©CÊÇ·¼Ï㻯ºÏÎ˵Ã÷CÖк¬Óб½»·£¬Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Îª180£¬ÆäÖÐÑõÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ$\frac{16}{45}$£¬ÔòOÔ×Ó¸öÊýΪ$\frac{180¡Á\frac{16}{45}}{16}$=4£¬A£¨C11H10O5£©Öк¬ÓÐõ¥»ù£¬BµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC2H4O2£¬ÔòCµÄ·Ö×ÓʽÊÇC9H8O4£»
£¨4£©CµÄ·¼»·ÉÏÓÐÈý¸öÈ¡´ú»ù£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÈ¡´ú»ùÎÞÖ§Á´£¬ÄÜÓë̼ËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦·Å³öÆøÌ壬˵Ã÷º¬ÓÐôÈ»ù£»ÇÒÓÐÄÜʹäåµÄËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÈÜÒºÍÊÉ«µÄ¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£¬½áºÏ·Ö×ÓʽÅжϺ¬ÓÐ̼̼˫¼ü£»ÁíÍâÁ½¸öÈ¡´ú»ùÏàͬ£¬¸ù¾Ý·Ö×Óʽ¿É֪Ϊ-OH£¬±½»·ÉÏÒ»ÂÈ´úÎï½öÓÐ2ÖÖ˵Ã÷±½»·ÉϽö´æÔÚ2ÖÖÇâÔ×Ó£¬ÔòCµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ£»
£¨5£©¸ù¾Ý2¸ö-OH´¦ÓÚÁÚλ¼äλ¡¢¶Ô룬Òƶ¯-CH=CHCOOHÈ·¶¨CµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÊýÄ¿£»
£¨6£©A+H2O$¡ú_{¡÷}^{NaOH}$B+C£¬BµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC2H4O2£¬CµÄ·Ö×ÓʽÊÇC9H8O4£¬¸ù¾Ý£¨4£©CµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽÊéд£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©»¯ºÏÎïA£¨C11H10O5£©ÔÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖмÓÈÈ·´Ó¦ºóÔÙËữ¿ÉµÃµ½»¯ºÏÎïBºÍC£¬ËµÃ÷AÖк¬ÓÐõ¥»ù£¬BµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC2H4O2£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£¬ËùÒÔBÊÇCH3COOH£¬ÒÒËáºÍÒÒ´¼ÄÜ·¢Éúõ¥»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉDΪCH3COOC2H5£¬·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O£¬ÊôÓÚõ¥»¯£¨È¡´ú£©·´Ó¦£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH3COOH£»CH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O£»õ¥»¯£¨È¡´ú£©·´Ó¦£»
£¨2£©BµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÄÜ·¢ÉúÒø¾µ·´Ó¦£¬º¬ÓÐÈ©»ù-CHO»òΪ¼×ËáÐγɵÄõ¥£¬Ôò½á¹¹¼òʽΪHOCH2CHO¡¢HCOOCH3£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHOCH2CHO£»HCOOCH3£»
£¨3£©CÊÇ·¼Ï㻯ºÏÎ˵Ã÷CÖк¬Óб½»·£¬Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Îª180£¬ÆäÖÐÑõÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ$\frac{16}{45}$£¬ÔòOÔ×Ó¸öÊýΪ$\frac{180¡Á\frac{16}{45}}{16}$=4£¬A£¨C11H10O5£©Öк¬ÓÐõ¥»ù£¬BµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC2H4O2£¬BÊÇCH3COOH£¬A+H2O$¡ú_{¡÷}^{NaOH}$B+C£¬ÔòCµÄ·Ö×ÓʽÊÇC9H8O4£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC9H8O4£»
£¨4£©CµÄ·¼»·ÉÏÓÐÈý¸öÈ¡´ú»ù£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÈ¡´ú»ùÎÞÖ§Á´£¬ÄÜÓë̼ËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦·Å³öÆøÌ壬˵Ã÷º¬ÓÐôÈ»ù£»ÇÒÓÐÄÜʹäåµÄËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÈÜÒºÍÊÉ«µÄ¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£¬½áºÏ·Ö×ÓʽÅжϺ¬ÓÐ̼̼˫¼ü£»ÁíÍâÁ½¸öÈ¡´ú»ùÏàͬ£¬¸ù¾Ý·Ö×Óʽ¿É֪Ϊ-OH£¬±½»·ÉÏÒ»ÂÈ´úÎï½öÓÐ2ÖÖ˵Ã÷±½»·ÉϽö´æÔÚ2ÖÖÇâÔ×Ó£¬ÔòCµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽÊÇ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
£¨5£©Èô2¸ö-OH´¦ÓÚÁÚ룬-CH=CHCOOHÓÐ2ÖÖλÖã¬Èô2¸ö-OH´¦ÓÚ¼ä룬-CH=CHCOOHÓÐ3ÖÖλÖ㨱¥ºÍCÔÚÄÚ£©£¬Èô2¸ö-OH´¦ÓÚ¶Ô룬-CH=CHCOOHÓÐ1ÖÖλÖ㬹ʲ»º¬CÔÚÄÚ¹²ÓÐ5ÖÖ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5£»
£¨6£©BÊÇCH3COOH£¬CµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ£»×ÛºÏÉÏÊö·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬AµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£¬A+H2O¡ú$¡ú_{¡÷}^{NaOH}$B+C£¬AÔÚ×ãÁ¿NaOHÈÜÒºÖмÓÈÈ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ+4NaOH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$$¡ú_{¡÷}^{NaOH}$CH3COONa++2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º+4NaOH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$$¡ú_{¡÷}^{NaOH}$CH3COONa++2H2O£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÓлúÎïµÄÍƶϣ¬Îª¸ß¿¼³£¼ûÌâÐÍ£¬²àÖØÓÚ¿¼²éѧÉú×ÛºÏÔËÓû¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶µÄÄÜÁ¦ºÍ·ÖÎöÎÊÌâµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸øÐÅÏ¢ÕýÈ·ÍƶÏCµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ½â´ð¸ÃÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢Òâ°ÑÎÕÓлúÎï¹ÙÄÜÍŵÄÐÔÖÊ£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | 0.44 s | B£® | 2 s | C£® | 0.33 s | D£® | 1 s |
A£® | 2ÖÖ | B£® | 3ÖÖ | C£® | 4ÖÖ | D£® | 5ÖÖ |
£¨1£©FÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖеÄλÖÃÊǵÚÈýÖÜÆÚ¢÷A×壬д³öÒ»ÖÖ¹¤ÒµÖƱ¸µ¥ÖÊFµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ2Cl-+2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$2OH-+H2¡ü+Cl2¡ü£®
£¨2£©B¡¢D¡¢E×é³ÉµÄÒ»ÖÖÑÎÖУ¬EµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ43%£¬ÆäË×ÃûΪ´¿¼î£¬Ëùº¬»¯Ñ§¼üÀàÐÍÓÐÀë×Ó¼üºÍ¹²¼Û¼ü£®
£¨3£©ÓÉÉÏÊöÎåÖÖÔªËØÖеÄijЩԪËØ×é³ÉµÄÎïÖÊ£¬Æä×é³ÉºÍ½á¹¹ÐÅÏ¢ÈçÏÂ±í£º
ÎïÖÊ | ×é³ÉºÍ½á¹¹ÐÅÏ¢ |
a | º¬ÓÐAµÄ¶þÔªÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎï |
b | º¬Óй²¼Û¼üµÄ¶þÔªÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎÇÒÔ×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ1£º1 |
c | »¯Ñ§×é³ÉΪAFD |
A£® | H2O | B£® | KOH | C£® | NaCl | D£® | NH4Cl |
A£® | µç³ØµÄµç½âÒº¿ÉΪLiClË®ÈÜÒº | |
B£® | ¸Ãµç³Ø·Åµçʱ£¬¸º¼«·¢Éú»¹Ô·´Ó¦ | |
C£® | ·ÅµçʱÕý¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£º2SOCl2+4e-=4Cl-+S+SO2 | |
D£® | ·Åµçʱµç×Ó´Ó¸º¼«¾Íâµç·Á÷ÏòÕý¼«£¬ÔÙ´ÓÕý¼«¾µç½âÖÊÁ÷Ïò¸º¼« |
A£® | K+¡¢H+¡¢SO42-¡¢CO32- | B£® | Na+¡¢Ca2+¡¢SO42-¡¢NO3- | ||
C£® | Ag+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Cl-¡¢S2- | D£® | Na+¡¢Cu2+¡¢Cl-¡¢SO42- |