ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
18£®¹²¼Û¼ü¶¼ÓмüÄÜ֮˵£¬¼üÄÜÊÇÖ¸²ð¿ª1mol¹²¼Û¼üËùÐèÒªÎüÊÕµÄÄÜÁ¿»òÐγÉ1mol¹²¼Û¼üËù·Å³öµÄÄÜÁ¿£®£¨1£©ÒÑÖªH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄÜΪ431.4kJ/mol£¬ÏÂÁйØÓÚ¼üÄܵÄÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇAD£®
A£®Ã¿Éú³É1mol H-Cl¼ü·Å³ö431.4kJÄÜÁ¿ B£®Ã¿Éú³É1mol H-Cl¼üÎüÊÕ431.4kJÄÜÁ¿
C£®Ã¿²ð¿ª1mol H-Cl¼ü·Å³ö431.4kJÄÜÁ¿ D£®Ã¿²ð¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üÎüÊÕ431.4kJÄÜÁ¿
£¨2£©²Î¿¼Ï±íÖеÄÊý¾Ý£¬ÅжÏÏÂÁзÖ×ÓÊÜÈÈʱ×îÎȶ¨µÄÊÇA£®
»¯Ñ§¼ü | H-H | H-F | H-Cl | H-Br |
¼üÄÜ/kJ/mol | 436 | 565 | 431 | 368 |
£¨3£©ÄÜÓüüÄÜ´óС½âÊ͵ÄÊÇA£®
A£®µªÆøµÄ»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʱÈÑõÆøÎȶ¨
B£®³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬äå³ÊҺ̬£¬µâ³Ê¹Ì̬
C£®Ï¡ÓÐÆøÌåÒ»°ãºÜÄÑ·¢Éú»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦
D£®ÏõËáÒ×»Ó·¢¶øÁòËáÄѻӷ¢
£¨4£©ÒÑÖª£º4HCl+O2¨T2Cl2+2H2O£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦ÖУ¬4mol HCl±»Ñõ»¯£¬·Å³ö115.6kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£®¶Ï¿ª1mol H-O¼üÓë¶Ï¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üËùÐèÄÜÁ¿Ïà²îԼΪ31.9kJ£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾Ý¼üÄܵĺ¬Òå¿ÉÖª£¬²ð¿ª»¯Ñ§¼üÒªÎüÊÕÄÜÁ¿£¬Ðγɻ¯Ñ§¼ü·Å³öÄÜÁ¿£¬ÒÑÖªH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄÜΪ431.4kJ/mol£¬¸ù¾Ý¼üÄܸÅÄî·ÖÎö£»
£¨2£©¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬¼üÔ½Îȶ¨£»
£¨3£©A£®¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬·Ö×ÓÔ½Îȶ¨£»
B£®·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Ô½´ó£¬·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄÈÛµãÔ½¸ß£»
C£®Ï¡ÓÐÆøÌåΪµ¥Ô×Ó·Ö×Ó£¬Ã»Óл¯Ñ§¼ü£»
D£®ÎïÖÊÏë»Ó·¢ÐÔÓëÆä·ÐµãÓйأ®
£¨4£©·´Ó¦ÈÈ¡÷H=·´Ó¦Îï×ܼüÄÜ-Éú³ÉÎïµÄ×ܼüÄÜ£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËãH-O¼üÓëH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄܲ½ø¶ø¼ÆËã¶Ï¿ª1mol H-O¼üÓë¶Ï¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üËùÐèÄÜÁ¿²î£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÒÑÖªH-Cl¼üµÄ¼üÄÜΪ431.4kJ/mol£¬ËùÒÔÒª²ð¿ª1 molH-Cl¼üÐèÒªÎüÊÕ431.4kJÄÜÁ¿£¬ÒªÐγÉ1 molH-Cl¼üÐèÒª·Å³ö431.4kJÄÜÁ¿£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAD£»
£¨2£©¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬¼üÔ½Îȶ¨£¬Óɱí¸ñÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬HFµÄ¼üÄÜ×î´ó£¬ÔòHF×îÎȶ¨£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºA£»
£¨3£©A£®¼üÄÜÔ½´ó£¬·Ö×ÓÔ½Îȶ¨£¬µªÆøÖеĹ²¼Û¼üµÄ¼üÄܱÈÑõÆøµÄ´ó£¬ËùÒÔµªÆøµÄ»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʱÈÑõÆøÎȶ¨£¬ÄÜÓüüÄܽâÊÍ£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Ô½´ó£¬·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄÈÛµãÔ½¸ß£¬³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬äå³ÊҺ̬£¬µâ³Ê¹Ì̬£¬ÊÇÒòΪµ¥ÖʵâµÄ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦´ó£¬Óë¼üÄÜÎ޹أ¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®Ï¡ÓÐÆøÌåΪµ¥Ô×Ó·Ö×Ó£¬Ã»Óл¯Ñ§¼ü£¬ºÜÄÑ·¢Éú»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬ÊÇÒòΪÔ×Ó´ïµ½8µç×ÓÎȶ¨½á¹¹£¬²»Ò×Ðγɻ¯Ñ§¼ü£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®ÎïÖÊÏë»Ó·¢ÐÔÓëÆä·ÐµãÓйأ¬·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄ·ÐµãÓë·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Óйأ¬Óë¼üÄÜÎ޹أ¬¹ÊD´íÎó£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºA£»
£¨4£©E£¨H-O£©¡¢E£¨HCl£©·Ö±ð±íʾH-O¼üÄÜ¡¢H-Cl¼üÄÜ£¬·´Ó¦AÖУ¬4mol HCl±»Ñõ»¯£¬·Å³ö115.6kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬·´Ó¦ÈÈ¡÷H=·´Ó¦Îï×ܼüÄÜ-Éú³ÉÎïµÄ×ܼüÄÜ£¬¹Ê£º
4¡ÁE£¨H-Cl£©+498kJ/mol-[2¡Á243kJ/mol+4¡ÁE£¨H-O£©]=-116kJ/mol£¬
ÕûÀíµÃ£¬4E£¨H-Cl£©-4E£¨H-O£©=-127.6kJ/mol£¬¼´E£¨H-O£©-E£¨HCl£©=31.9kJ/mol£¬
¹Ê¶Ï¿ª1mol H-O¼üÓë¶Ï¿ª1mol H-Cl¼üËùÐèÄÜÁ¿Ïà²îԼΪ32kJ/mol¡Á1mol=31.9kJ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º31.9£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˼üÄÜÓë·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦µÄÇø±ð¡¢·´Ó¦ÈȵļÆË㣬½âÌâʱÐèÉóÇåÌâÄ¿£¬ÀíÇå¹Øϵ£¬Ã÷Îú·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦ÓëÎïÖÊ״̬Óйأ¬Óë¼üÄÜÎ޹أ¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | ³£ÎÂÏ£¬7.8g¹ÌÌåNa2O2ÖУ¬º¬ÓеÄÒõÑôÀë×Ó×ÜÊýΪ0.4NA | |
B£® | 4¡æʱ£¬18g 2H216OÖк¬Óй²Óõç×Ó¶ÔÊýΪ2NA | |
C£® | 1 mol N5+º¬Óеĵç×ÓÊýΪ34NA | |
D£® | ÓýðÊôÌú¡¢CuƬ¡¢Ï¡ÁòËá×é³ÉÔµç³Ø£¬µ±½ðÊôÌúÖÊÁ¿¼õÇá5.6gʱ£¬Á÷¹ýÍâµç·µÄµç×ÓΪ0.3NA |
A£® | ¼×ÍéȼÉÕ | B£® | Ba£¨OH£©2•8H2OÓëNH4Cl·´Ó¦ | ||
C£® | ÂÁƬÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦ | D£® | Ñõ»¯¸ÆÓëË®·´Ó¦ |
A£® | v£¨A£©=9 mol/£¨L•min£© | B£® | v£¨B£©=18 mol/£¨L•min£© | ||
C£® | v£¨A£©=4.5 mol/£¨L•min£© | D£® | v£¨B£©=4.5 mol/£¨L•min£© |