ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
16£®ÀûÓÃijº¬¸õ·ÏÒº[º¬½ÏµÍŨ¶ÈµÄNa2Cr2O7¡¢Fe2£¨SO4£©3]ÖƱ¸K2Cr2O7Á÷³ÌÈçÏ£º¢ñ£®ÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºµ÷pHÖÁ3.6£¬²úÉúºìºÖÉ«³Áµí£¬¹ýÂË£»¢ò£®ÏòÂËÒºÖмÓÈëNa2SO3£¬Ò»¶¨²Ù×÷ºó·ÖÀë³öNa2SO4£»
¢ó£®½«·ÖÀë³öNa2SO4ºóµÄÈÜÒºµ÷pHԼΪ5£¬µÃµ½Cr£¨OH£©3³Áµí£»
¢ô£®ÔÚKOH´æÔÚÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÏòCr£¨OH£©3ÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿H2O2ÈÜÒº£¬µÃµ½»ÆÉ«ÈÜÒº£»
¢õ£®Ïò»ÆÉ«ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÎïÖÊAºó£¬ÈÜÒº±äΪ³ÈºìÉ«£¬Ò»¶¨²Ù×÷ºóµÃµ½K2Cr2O7¹ÌÌ壻
¢ö£®²â¶¨K2Cr2O7¹ÌÌåµÄ´¿¶È£®
ÒÑÖª£ºCr2O72-£¨³ÈºìÉ«£©+H2O?2CrO42-£¨»ÆÉ«£©+2H+
£¨1£©²½Öè¢ñÖкìºÖÉ«³ÁµíµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇFe£¨OH£©3£®
£¨2£©²½Öè¢òÖмÓÈëNa2SO3µÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«+6¼ÛµÄCr»¹ÔΪ+3¼Û£®
£¨3£©²½Öè¢ôÖз´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽÊÇ2Cr£¨OH£©3+3H2O2+4OH-=2CrO42-+8H2O£®
£¨4£©²½Öè¢õÖмÓÈëµÄÎïÖÊA¿ÉÒÔÊÇc£®£¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©
a£®KOH b£®K2CO3 c£®H2SO4 d£®SO2
£¨5£©²½Öè¢öµÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇ£ºÈ¡0.45g K2Cr2O7²úÆ·Åä³ÉÈÜÒº£¬ËữºóµÎÈë18.00mL£¬.50mol/LµÄFeSO4ÈÜÒº£¬Ç¡ºÃʹCr2O72-Íêȫת»¯ÎªCr3+£®²úÆ·ÖÐK2Cr2O7µÄ´¿¶ÈÊÇ98%£®£¨×¢£ºK2Cr2O7µÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿Îª294g/mol£©
£¨6£©Ïò³ÈºìÉ«µÄK2Cr2O7ÈÜÒºÖУ¬µÎ¼ÓBa£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒº£¬²úÉú»ÆÉ«³Áµí£¬ÈÜÒºpH¼õС£®ÊÔÍƲâ»ÆÉ«³ÁµíÊÇBaCrO4£¬ÈÜÒºpH±äСµÄÔÒòÊÇK2Cr2O7ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚƽºâ£ºCr2O72-£¨³ÈºìÉ«£©+H2O?2CrO42-£¨»ÆÉ«£©+2H+£¬¼ÓÈëBa£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒººó£¬²úÉúBaCrO4³Áµí£¬c£¨CrO42-£©½µµÍ£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬c£¨H+£©Ôö´ó£®
·ÖÎö ±¾ÌâÊÇÀûÓÃijº¬¸õ·ÏÒºÖƱ¸K2Cr2O7Á÷³Ì£¬Òò·ÏÒºÖк¬ÓÐFe3+£¬µÎ¼ÓNaOHµ÷½ÚÈÜÒºpHʱ»áÉú³ÉFe£¨OH£©3ºìºÖÉ«³Áµí£¬´ïµ½³ýÈ¥ÈÜÒºÀïFe3+µÄÄ¿µÄ£¬È»ºó¼ÓÈëÑÇÁòËáÄÆÈÜÒº½«ÈÜÒºÀïµÄ½«+6¼ÛµÄCr»¹ÔΪ+3¼Û£¬È»ºó½«Cr3+ת»¯ÎªCr£¨OH£©3³Áµí£¬ÔÙͨ¹ýÑõ»¯ºÍËữÁ½¸ö¹ý³Ì¼´µÃµ½Ä¿±ê²úÎ×îºóÀûÓõζ¨·¨²â¶¨²úÆ·µÄ´¿¶È£¬¿É½áºÏ¹ØϵʽºÍÔ×ÓÊغã½øÐмÆË㣬¾Ý´Ë¿É×÷´ð£»
£¨1£©¸ù¾Ý³ÁµíµÄÑÕÉ«Åжϣ»
£¨2£©Na2SO3¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔ£¬¾ßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔNa2Cr2O7£»
£¨3£©Cr£¨OH£©3ÓëH2O2·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÉú³ÉCrO42-£»
£¨4£©ËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂCrO42-ת»¯ÎªCr2O72-£»
£¨5£©Fe2+ʹCr2O72-Íêȫת»¯ÎªCr3+£¬·´Ó¦ÎªCr2O72-+6Fe2++14H+¨T2Cr3++6Fe3++7H2O£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³Ìʽ¼ÆËã³öµÄK2Cr2O7ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ºÍÖÊÁ¿£¬ÔÙÇó³ö´¿¶È£»
£¨6£©¸ù¾ÝCr2O72-£¨³ÈºìÉ«£©+H2O?2CrO42-£¨»ÆÉ«£©+2H+ƽºâÒƶ¯·ÖÎö£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºµ÷pHÖÁ3.6£¬²úÉúºìºÖÉ«³Áµí£¬Ôò¸Ã³ÁµíΪFe£¨OH£©3£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºFe£¨OH£©3£»
£¨2£©Na2SO3¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔ£¬¾ßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔNa2Cr2O7£¬ÏòÂËÒºÖмÓÈëNa2SO3£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¬½«+6¼ÛµÄCr»¹ÔΪ+3¼Û£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º½«+6¼ÛµÄCr»¹ÔΪ+3¼Û£»
£¨3£©ÔÚKOH´æÔÚÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÏòCr£¨OH£©3ÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿H2O2ÈÜÒº£¬Cr£¨OH£©3ÓëH2O2·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÉú³ÉCrO42-£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º2Cr£¨OH£©3+3H2O2+4OH-=2CrO42-+8H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Cr£¨OH£©3+3H2O2+4OH-=2CrO42-+8H2O£»
£¨4£©Ïò»ÆÉ«ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÎïÖÊAºó£¬ÈÜÒº±äΪ³ÈºìÉ«£¬Ò»¶¨²Ù×÷ºóµÃµ½K2Cr2O7¹ÌÌ壬ÔÚËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂCrO42-ת»¯ÎªCr2O72-£¬ËµÃ÷AΪËᣬÔòA¿ÉÒÔÊÇÁòËᣬ¹ÊÑ¡c£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£»
£¨5£©Fe2+ʹCr2O72-Íêȫת»¯ÎªCr3+£¬·´Ó¦ÎªCr2O72-+6Fe2++14H+¨T2Cr3++6Fe3++7H2O£¬ÒÑÖª18.00mL 0.50mol/LµÄFeSO4ÈÜÒº£¬
ÔòK2Cr2O7ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º$\frac{1}{6}$¡Á0.018L¡Á0.50mol/L=0.0015mol£¬ÆäÖÊÁ¿Îª0.0015mol¡Á294g/mol=0.441g£¬
Æä´¿¶ÈΪ$\frac{0.441g}{0.45g}$¡Á100%=98%£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º98%£»
£¨6£©Ïò³ÈºìÉ«µÄK2Cr2O7ÈÜÒºÖУ¬µÎ¼ÓBa£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÉÓÚK2Cr2O7ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚƽºâ£ºCr2O72-£¨³ÈºìÉ«£©+H2O?2CrO42-£¨»ÆÉ«£©+2H+£¬±µÀë×ÓÓë¸õËá¸ùÀë×ÓÉú³ÉBaCrO4³Áµí£¬c£¨CrO42-£©½µµÍ£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬c£¨H+£©Ôö´ó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBaCrO4£»K2Cr2O7ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚƽºâ£ºCr2O72-£¨³ÈºìÉ«£©+H2O?2CrO42-£¨»ÆÉ«£©+2H+£¬¼ÓÈëBa£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒººó£¬²úÉúBaCrO4³Áµí£¬c £¨CrO42-£©½µµÍ£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬c £¨H+£©Ôö´ó£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é½ÏΪ×ۺϣ¬Éæ¼°Ñõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦¡¢Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд¡¢¸ù¾Ý·½³ÌʽµÄ¼ÆËã¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÒƶ¯µÈÎÊÌ⣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬±¾Ìâ×¢Òâ´ÓÖÊÁ¿ÊغãµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀûÓùØϵʽ·¨¼ÆË㣮
A£® | 0.7 mol | B£® | 0.9 mol | C£® | 1.1 mol | D£® | 1.3 mol |
A£® | ½«Æ½ºâ»ìºÏÆøÌåͨÈë¹ýÁ¿BaCl2ÈÜÒºÖУ¬µÃµ½³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª 453.2g | |
B£® | ±£³ÖζȲ»±ä£¬ÏòƽºâºóµÄÈÝÆ÷ÖÐÔÙ³äÈë1molSO2ºÍ0.5molO2ʱ£¬v £¨Õý£©£¾v £¨Ä棩 | |
C£® | ÏàͬζÈÏ£¬ÆðʼʱÏòÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë2mol SO3£¬´ïƽºâʱSO3µÄת»¯ÂÊΪ40% | |
D£® | ±£³ÖÆäËûÌõ¼þ²»±ä£¬ÈôÆðʼʱÏòÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë2molSO3£¬´ïƽºâʱÎüÊÕ78.4kJµÄÈÈÁ¿ |
A£® | HCl¡¢´¿¼î¡¢ÁòËá±µ¾ùΪǿµç½âÖÊ | |
B£® | SO2¡¢SiO2¡¢CO¾ùΪËáÐÔÑõ»¯Îï | |
C£® | Ï¡¶¹½¬¡¢ÓÍË®¡¢ÂÈ»¯ÌúÈÜÒº¾ùΪ½ºÌå | |
D£® | ´óÀíʯ¡¢CuSO4•5H2O¡¢°±Ë®¾ùΪ»ìºÏÎï |
A£® | CO32- | B£® | Mg2+ | C£® | SO42- | D£® | Na+ |