ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÏÂÁÐÓйØÈÜÒºµÄ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®Ïò10mLpH=3µÄº¨ËáÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë10mLpH=l1µÄNaOHÈÜÒº£¬»ìºÏÒºµÄpH=7 |
B£®ÊµÑé²â¶¨NH4HCO3ÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬CH3COONH4ÈÜÒºÏÔÖÐÐÔ£¬ËµÃ÷ËáÐÔCH3COOH>HCO3 |
C£®NH4CIÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖÐc£¨H+£©+c£¨NH3¡¤H2O£©=c£¨OHÒ»£© |
D£®ÏòAgI³ÁµíÖмÓÈ˱¥ºÍKClÈÜÒº£¬Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷AgCl±ÈAgI¸üÄÑÈÜ |
B
½âÎöÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£ºA¡¢´×ËáÊÇÈõËᣬ´æÔÚµçÀëƽºâ¡£Òò´ËpH£½3µÄº¨ËáÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶È´óÓÚ0.001mol/L£¬ËùÒÔÏò10mLpH£½3µÄº¨ËáÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë10mLpH£½l1µÄNaOHÈÜÒº£¬´×Ëá¹ýÁ¿£¬»ìºÏÒºµÄpH£¼7£¬A²»ÕýÈ·£»
B¡¢Ëá»ò¼îµçÀë³Ì¶ÈԽС£¬ÔòÏàÓ¦Àë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó¡£NH4HCO3ÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬ËµÃ÷̼ËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈСÓÚһˮºÏ°±µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È¡£CH3COONH4ÈÜÒºÏÔÖÐÐÔ£¬ËµÃ÷´×ËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈºÍһˮºÏ°±µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬ËùÒÔËáÐÔCH3COOH£¾HCO3£¬BÕýÈ·£»
C¡¢¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬ÔÚÂÈ»¯ï§ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚc(H+)£«c(NH4£«)£½c(OHÒ»)£«c(Cl£)£¬¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊغã¿ÉÖªc(Cl£)£½c(NH3¡¤H2O)£«c(NH4£«)£¬Ôòc(H+)£½c(OHÒ»)£«c(NH3¡¤H2O)£¬C²»ÕýÈ·£»
D¡¢Ö»ÒªÈÜÒºÖÐc(Ag£«)¡¤c(Cl£)£¾Ksp(AgCl)£¬ÈÜÒºÖоÍÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬¶øÓëÂÈ»¯ÒøºÍµâ»¯ÒøµÄÈܽâ¶ÈÏà¶Ô´óС²¢ÎÞÖ±½Ó¹Øϵ£¬AgI±ÈAgCl¸üÄÑÈÜ£¬D²»ÕýÈ·£¬´ð°¸Ñ¡B¡£
¿¼µã£º¿¼²éµçÀëƽºâ¡¢Ë®½âƽºâµÄÓйØÅжϺÍÓ¦Óã»ÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½ÏµÈ
½«ÂÈ»¯ï§¹ÌÌåÈܽâÔÚD2O£¨ÖØË®£©ÖУ¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®NH4+ + D2O NH3¡¤D2O + H+ | B£®NH4+ + D2O NH3¡¤HDO + D+ |
C£®NH4+ + 2D2O NH3¡¤HDO + D3O+ | D£®NH4+ + 2D2O NH3¡¤D2O + HD2O+ |
ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨»ò±íÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®ÓÉË®µçÀë²úÉúµÄc(H+)£½1¡Á10£2mol?L£1ÈÜÒºÖУ¬¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚ:CO32£¡¢NH4+¡¢Cl-¡¢Na+ |
B£®Ä³´×ËáÏ¡ÈÜÒºµÄpH£½a£¬½«´ËÈÜҺϡÊÍ1±¶ºó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH£½b£¬Ôòa£¾b |
C£®Ba(OH)2ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈ˹ýÁ¿µÄAl2(SO4)3ÈÜÒº£¬ÆäÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º 3Ba2++6OH- +2Al3++3SO42-£½3BaS04¡ý+2Al(OH)3¡ý |
D£®ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¾ùΪ1 mol?L£1µÄNaClºÍMgCl2»ìºÏÒºÖУ¬º¬ÓÐCl-µÄÊýĿΪ3NA(NA±íʾ°¢·ü¼ÓµÂÂÞ³£ÊýµÄÖµ£© |
³£ÎÂÏÂMOHºÍROHÁ½ÖÖÒ»Ôª¼îµÄÈÜÒº·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍʱ£¬pH±ä»¯ÈçͼËùʾ¡£ÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÖв»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®ROHÊÇÒ»ÖÖÇ¿¼î |
B£®µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄMOHÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬ÔòMOHµÄÌå»ý´óÓÚÑÎËáµÄÌå»ý |
C£®ÔÚxµã£¬c£¨M+£©£½c£¨R+£© |
D£®Ï¡ÊÍÇ°£¬c£¨ROH£©£½10 c£¨MOH£© |
25¡æʱ£¬CaCO3ÔÚË®ÖеÄÈܽâƽºâÇúÏßÈçͬËùʾ¡£ÒÑÖª25¡æʱ£¬CaCO3µÄKsp=2.8¡Á10-9¡£¾Ýͼ·ÖÎö£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®xµÄÊýֵΪ2¡Á10-5 |
B£®cµãʱÓÐ̼Ëá¸Æ³ÁµíÉú³É |
C£®bµãÓëdµã¶ÔÓ¦µÄÈܶȻýÏàµÈ |
D£®¼ÓÈëÕôÁóË®¿ÉʹÈÜÒºÓÉdµã±äµ½aµã |
ÏÂÁÐ΢Á£µÄŨ¶È¹Øϵһ¶¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®´×ËáÄƺʹ×ËáµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУºc£¨CH3COO-£©>c £¨Na+£©>c£¨H+£©>c£¨OHÒ»£© |
B£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàµÈµÄ¢Ù£¨NH4£©2SO4¡¢¢Ú£¨NH4£©2Fe £¨SO4£©2¡¢¢ÛNH4HSO4¡¢¢ÜNH4C1ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨NH4+£©µÄ´óС˳ÐòΪ£º¢Ú>¢Ù>¢Û>¢Ü |
C£®pH=3µÄÑÎËáÓëpH=llµÄ°±Ë®µÈÌå»ý»ìºÏÒºÖУºc£¨H+£©=c£¨OHÒ»£© |
D£®Ä³¶þÔªÈõËáµÄËáʽÑÎNaHAÈÜÒºÖУºc£¨H+£©+c£¨Na+£©=c£¨OHÒ»£©+c£¨HAÒ»£©+c£¨A2-£© |
25¡æʱ£¬ÓÃŨ¶ÈΪ0.1000 mol¡¤L£1µÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨20.00 mLŨ¶È ¾ùΪ0.1000 mol¡¤L£1µÄÈýÖÖËáHX¡¢HY¡¢HZµÎ¶¨ÇúÏßÈçͼËùʾ¡£ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®ÔÚÏàͬζÈÏ£¬Í¬Å¨¶ÈµÄÈýÖÖËáÈÜÒºµÄµ¼µçÄÜÁ¦Ë³Ðò£ºHZ£¼HY£¼HX |
B£®¸ù¾ÝµÎ¶¨ÇúÏߣ¬¿ÉµÃKa(HY)¡Ö10£5 |
C£®½«ÉÏÊöHX¡¢HYÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£¬ÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁHXÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Ê±£º c(X£)£¾c(Y£)£¾c(OH£)£¾c(H£«) |
D£®HYÓëHZ»ìºÏ£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£ºc(H£«)£½£«c(Z£)£«c(OH£) |
¶ÔÓÚ³£ÎÂÏÂpH= 3µÄÒÒËáÈÜÒº£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®c(H+)=c(CH3COO£)+c(OH£) |
B£®¼ÓˮϡÊ͵½ÔÌå»ýµÄ10±¶ºóÈÜÒºpH±äΪ4 |
C£®¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿ÒÒËáÄƹÌÌ壬ÈÜÒºpH½µµÍ |
D£®ÓëµÈÌå»ýpH=11µÄNaOHÈÜÒº»ìºÏºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐc(Na+)=c(CH3COO£) |