ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
16£®ÎÒ¹úȱµâ²¡ÇøÉõ¹ã£¬·ÀÖÎȱµâ²¡µÄÖ÷Òª´ëÊ©ÊÇʳÑÎÖмӵ⣮1996ÄêÎÒ¹úÕþ¸®ÒÔ¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼µÄ·½Ê½¹æ¶¨Ê³ÑεĵâÌí¼Ó¼ÁÊÇKIO3£®£¨1£©¿ÉÓÃÑÎËáËữµÄKIµí·Û»ìºÏÎï¼ìÑéʳÑÎÊÇ·ñΪ¼ÓµâÑΣ¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪKIO3 +5KI+6HCl=6KCl+3H2O+3I2£®
£¨2£©¿ÉÓõ绯ѧ·½·¨ÖƱ¸KIO3£®ÔÀíÊÇ£ºÒÔʯīΪÑô¼«£¬²»Ðâ¸ÖΪÒõ¼«£¬ÒÔKIÈÜÒº£¨¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿£©Îªµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨µçÁ÷Ç¿¶ÈºÍζÈϽøÐеç½â£¬Æäµç½â×Ü·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪKI+3H2O$\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$KIO3+3H2¡ü£®ÊÔд³öÁ½¼«·´Ó¦Ê½£ºÑô¼«I--6e-+6OH-=IO3-+3H2O£»Òõ¼«6H++6e-=3H2¡ü£®
£¨3£©Èç¹ûÔÚÈÝ»ýΪ10LµÄÀë×Ó½»»»Ä¤µç½â²ÛÖУ¬1minʱÒõ¼«¿É²úÉú11.2L£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©Cl2£¬ÕâʱÈÜÒºµÄpHÊÇ£¨ÉèÌå»ýά³Ö²»±ä£©13£®
£¨4£©Cl2³£ÓÃÓÚ×ÔÀ´Ë®µÄÏû¶¾É±¾ú£¬ÏÖÓÐÒ»ÖÖÐÂÐÍÏû¶¾¼ÁClO2£¬ÈôËüÃÇÔÚɱ¾ú¹ý³ÌÖеĻ¹Ô²úÎï¾ùΪCl-£¬Ïû¶¾µÈÁ¿µÄ×ÔÀ´Ë®£¬ËùÐèCl2ºÍClO2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ5£º2£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾ÝKIO3£¬KI¡¢ÑÎËáÄÜ·¢Éú¹éÖз´Ó¦ÒÔ¼°I2ÄÜʹµí·Û±äÀ¶£»
£¨2£©×Ü·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪKI+3H2O=KIO3+3H2¡ü£¬IÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý¸ß£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬ÔòÔÚÑô¼«Éú³ÉµâËá¼Ø£»HÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼Û½µµÍ£¬ÔòÔÚÒõ¼«Éú³ÉÇâÆø£¬ÒÔ´ËÀ´½â´ð£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ýµç½â·½³Ìʽ½áºÏ²úÉúÆøÌåµÄÁ¿½øÐмÆËã»Ø´ð¼´¿É£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝµÃµ½Ïàͬµç×ÓÊýÐèÒª¸÷ÎïÖʵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿À´½âÌ⣮
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©KIO3£¬KI¡¢ÑÎËáÄÜ·¢Éú¹éÖз´Ó¦£¬·½³ÌʽΪ£ºKIO3 +5KI+6HCl=6KCl+3H2O+3I2£¬µâ»¯¼Ø±»Ñõ»¯£¬µâËá¼Ø±»»¹Ô£¬ÑÎËáÌṩÎȶ¨ËáÐÔ»·¾³£¬ÈôÈÜÒºÄÜʹµí·ÛÏÔÀ¶É«¿ÉÒÔ˵Ã÷ʳÑÎÖÐÊÇÓе⣻¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºµí·Û£»KIO3 +5KI+6HCl=6KCl+3H2O+3I2£»
£¨2£©×Ü·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪKI+3H2O=KIO3+3H2¡ü£¬IÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý¸ß£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬ÔòÔÚÑô¼«Éú³ÉµâËá¼Ø£¬Ñô¼«·´Ó¦ÎªI--6e-+6OH-=IO3-+3H2O£»HÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼Û½µµÍ£¬ÔòÔÚÒõ¼«Éú³ÉÇâÆø£¬Òõ¼«·´Ó¦Îª6H++6e-=3H2¡ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºI--6e-+6OH-=IO3-+3H2O£»6H++6e-=3H2¡ü£»
£¨3£©µç½âÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º2Cl-+2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$Cl2¡ü+H2¡ü+2OH-£¬Òõ¼«¿É²úÉú11.2L£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©Cl2£¬¼´²úÉúÂÈÆøΪ$\frac{11.2L}{22.4L/mol}$=0.5mol£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³ÌʽÔòÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÊÇ1mol£¬ËùÒÔÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶ÈÊÇ£º$\frac{1mol}{10L}$=0.1mol/L£¬ËùÒÔÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ10-13mol/L£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpHÊÇ13£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º13£»
£¨4£©ÒòÒ»¸öClO2ת±ä³ÉCl-ÐèÒªµÃµ½10¸öµç×Ó£¬¶øÒ»¸öCl2ת±ä³ÉCl-ÐèÒªµÃµ½10¸öµç×Ó£¬Ïû¶¾µÈÁ¿µÄ×ÔÀ´Ë®£¬¸ù¾ÝתÒƵç×ÓÊýÏàµÈ£¬ËùÐèCl2ºÍClO2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ5£º2£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5£º2£®
µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²é¼ÓµâÑÎÖеâÔªËصļìÑé¡¢µç½âÔÀíµÄÓ¦ÓÃÒÔ¼°ÂÈÆø¼°Æ仯ºÏÎïµÄÓйØ֪ʶ£¬ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬¹Ø¼ü°ÑÎյ缫·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд¼°ÆäÓ¦Óõç×ÓÊغã½øÐмÆË㣮
A£® | ¢ÙÈÜÒº£ºc£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£© | |
B£® | ¢ÚÈÜÒº£ºc£¨NH4+£©=c£¨Cl-£©=c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H£©+ | |
C£® | ¢ÛÈÜÒº£ºº¬ÓеÄ΢Á£ÊýΪ5ÖÖ | |
D£® | µÎ¶¨¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄܳöÏÖ£ºc£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨H+£© |
A£® | ÓÉË®µçÀë³öÀ´µÄc£¨H+ £©=l.0xl0-12 mol/L | |
B£® | c £¨CH3COOH£©£¾c £¨H+ £©£¾c £¨CH3COO- £©£¾c £¨OH-£© | |
C£® | ÓëͬŨ¶ÈµÄÑÎËá·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍ10±¶£ºpH £¨´×Ëᣩ£¼pH £¨ÑÎËᣩ | |
D£® | ÓëµÈÌå»ýµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£ºc £¨CH3COOH£©+c £¨CH3COO- £©=0.01mol/L£® |
A£® | º¬ÑõÔ×Ó¸öÊý±ÈΪ2£º3 | B£® | º¬ÁòÔªËØÖÊÁ¿±ÈΪ1£º1 | ||
C£® | º¬ÑõÔªËØÖÊÁ¿±ÈΪ5£º6 | D£® | º¬ÁòÔ×Ó¸öÊý±ÈΪ1£º1 |
A£® | »¯ºÏÎïµçÀëʱ£¬Éú³ÉµÄÑôÀë×ÓÊÇÇâÀë×ÓµÄÊÇËá | |
B£® | »¯ºÏÎïµçÀëʱ£¬Éú³ÉµÄÒõÀë×ÓÊÇÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÊǼî | |
C£® | »¯ºÏÎïµçÀëʱ£¬Éú³É½ðÊôÑôÀë×ÓºÍËá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÊÇÑÎ | |
D£® | NH4ClÊÇÑÎ |
A£® | Ô×Ó¸öÊýÖ®±ÈΪ1£º1 | B£® | ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ1£º1 | ||
C£® | Ìå»ýÖ®±ÈΪ11£º16 | D£® | ·Ö×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ1£º1 |
A£® | NO+NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO2+H2O | B£® | 2KClO3$\frac{\underline{MnO_2}}{¡÷}$2KCl+3O2¡ü | ||
C£® | CuO+2HNO3¨TCu£¨NO3£©2+H2O | D£® | 2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3 |